Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|name=Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê<br>الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic<br>Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe<br>Syriac<br>Turkish|mode_of_production=[[ | {{Infobox country|name=Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê<br>الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic<br>Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe<br>Syriac<br>Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Communism]]/[[Socialism]] (<i>de jure</i>)<br>[[Capitalism]] (<i>de facto</i>)|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed<br>Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=2,000,000|population_estimate_year=2018}} | ||
The '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''AANES'''), also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a Kurdish militia.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> | The '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''AANES'''), also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a Kurdish militia.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> | ||
== Economy == | == Economy == | ||
The AANES has a | The AANES maintains a system of primarily private ownership of the means of production, making it effectively a decentralized capitalist economy,<ref name=":0" /> with most of the economy being made up of the private and public sector. In 2012, after the implementation of the "People's Economy Plan" by the councils, private property and entrepreneurship are protected under the sovereign principle of “ownership by use”.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|year=2015|title=A Small Key Can Open a Large Door: The Rojava Revolution|publisher=Strangers In a Tangled Wilderness}}</ref> With a regional official stating that "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|newspaper=Co-operation in Mesopotamia|title=Rojava – the formation of an economic alternative: Private property in the service of all|date=2015-06-15|url=https://mesopotamia.coop/rojava-the-formation-of-an-economic-alternative-private-property-in-the-service-of-all/}}</ref> | ||
While there's hundreds of small worker co-operatives, these play a minimal role in the economy of the region, with 12% of the economy in Jazira, the largest region of Northern Syria, being based on worker co-operatives,<ref name=":2" /> with services such as gas and oil being operated mainly by private businesses. The major source of revenue for the AANES is not only taxes, but entrepeneurs, landlords, businessmen and venture capitalists, with these influencing government decisions and even maintaining high rank positions within it.<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=European University Institute|title=Sinan Hatahet, The Political Economy of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/65364/MED_WPCS_2019_16.pdf}}</ref> | |||
== Political Structure == | |||
While the official statement of the AANES is that all property is now controlled by communes and city councils, according to the Ministry of Economics, councils have only been set up for about one third of the enterprises in Rojava so far.<ref name=":1" /> The power of communes is extremely limited, being only local issues or consultative functions. Above these are the councils, these are not working class councils but councils in which political parties, unions, professions and tribal leaders of local government branches are represented, with real state power being handled elsewhere.<ref name=":3" /> The AANES in each region consists of a Supreme Constitutional Court, a High Electoral Commission, a Judicial Council, a Legislative Council and an Executive Council, with these being for the most part, appointed, not elected.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
== Kurdish nationalism == | == Kurdish nationalism == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Separatist states]] | |||
Latest revision as of 06:48, 16 June 2024
| Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
 | |
| Capital | Ayn Issa |
| Largest city | Raqqa |
| Official languages | Arabic Kurdish |
| Recognised regional languages | Adyghe Syriac Turkish |
| Dominant mode of production | Communism/Socialism (de jure) Capitalism (de facto) |
| Government | Libertarian Socialist confederation |
• Co-presidents | Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum |
| History | |
• Transitional government declared | 2013 |
• New government declared | 6 September 2018 |
| Area | |
• Total | 50,000 km² |
| Population | |
• 2018 estimate | 2,000,000 |
The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), also known as Rojava, is an autonomous region in Syria. It is led by the Democratic Union Party (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the SDF, which includes the YPG, a Kurdish militia.[1]
Economy[edit | edit source]
The AANES maintains a system of primarily private ownership of the means of production, making it effectively a decentralized capitalist economy,[1] with most of the economy being made up of the private and public sector. In 2012, after the implementation of the "People's Economy Plan" by the councils, private property and entrepreneurship are protected under the sovereign principle of “ownership by use”.[2] With a regional official stating that "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".[3]
While there's hundreds of small worker co-operatives, these play a minimal role in the economy of the region, with 12% of the economy in Jazira, the largest region of Northern Syria, being based on worker co-operatives,[3] with services such as gas and oil being operated mainly by private businesses. The major source of revenue for the AANES is not only taxes, but entrepeneurs, landlords, businessmen and venture capitalists, with these influencing government decisions and even maintaining high rank positions within it.[4]
Political Structure[edit | edit source]
While the official statement of the AANES is that all property is now controlled by communes and city councils, according to the Ministry of Economics, councils have only been set up for about one third of the enterprises in Rojava so far.[2] The power of communes is extremely limited, being only local issues or consultative functions. Above these are the councils, these are not working class councils but councils in which political parties, unions, professions and tribal leaders of local government branches are represented, with real state power being handled elsewhere.[4] The AANES in each region consists of a Supreme Constitutional Court, a High Electoral Commission, a Judicial Council, a Legislative Council and an Executive Council, with these being for the most part, appointed, not elected.[4]
Kurdish nationalism[edit | edit source]
The YPG assassinated Assyrian leader David Jindo in 2015 because he supported a united Syria and opposed Kurdish nationalism. In 2018, the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the Syrian Orthodox Church to close. Rojavan authorities published a book worshipping Kurdish warlord Simko Shakak who massacred Assyrian civilians.[1]
U.S. support[edit | edit source]
The SDF receives much of its arms from the United States and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.[1] The U.S. National Security Council called Rojava "another Israel in the region."[5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "On Rojava and the Western Left" (2020-04-22). Line Struggle Collective. Archived from the original on 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 A Small Key Can Open a Large Door: The Rojava Revolution (2015). Strangers In a Tangled Wilderness.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Rojava – the formation of an economic alternative: Private property in the service of all" (2015-06-15). Co-operation in Mesopotamia.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Sinan Hatahet, The Political Economy of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria". European University Institute.
- ↑ James Laporta (2019-07-10). "Exclusive: Official Who Heard Call Says Trump Got 'Rolled' By Turkey and 'Has No Spine'" Newsweek. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2022-07-05.