Communist International (1919–1943): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|name=Communist International|year_end=1943|event_start=First Congress|year_start=1919|image_symbol=Comintern Logo.png|event1=Second Congress|date_start=March|date_event1=July 1920|date_event2=June 1921|event2=Third Congress|event3=Fourth Congress|date_event3=November 1922|event4=Seventh Congress| | ''"Communist International" redirects here. For other uses, see [[Communist International (disambiguation)]].'' | ||
{{Infobox country|name=Communist International|leader_title1=General Secretary|year_end=1943|event_start=First Congress|leader_name1=[[Georgi Dimitrov]]|year_start=1919|image_symbol=Comintern Logo.png|event1=Second Congress|date_start=March|date_event1=July 1920|date_event2=June 1921|event2=Third Congress|event3=Fourth Congress|date_event3=November 1922|event4=Fifth Congress|date_event4=July 1924|event5=Sixth Congress|date_event5=July 1928|event6=Seventh Congress|date_event6=July 1935|p1='''1864:'''|p2=[[International_Workingmen's_Association|International Workingmen's Association]]|p3='''1889:'''|p4=[[Second_International|Second International]]|symbol_type=Symbol}} | |||
The '''Communist International''', also known as the '''Third International''' or '''Comintern''', was an international communist organization led by the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]]. It was established in 1919 after the [[Russian revolution of 1917|October Revolution]] and dissolved in 1943 after the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] invasion of the USSR. It was briefly succeeded by the [[Cominform]] in 1947. | The '''Communist International''', also known as the '''Third International''' or '''Comintern''', was an international communist organization led by the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]]. It was established in 1919 after the [[Russian revolution of 1917|October Revolution]] and dissolved in 1943 after the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] invasion of the USSR. It was briefly succeeded by the [[Cominform]] in 1947. | ||
== | ==Structure== | ||
Delegates from [[Communist party|communist parties]] around the world participated in World Congresses of the Comintern. The Congress decided the number of votes for each party based on its membership and the political importance of the country it is from. The World Congress elected an Executive Committee to lead between congresses, and all parties in the Comintern had to follow the decisions of the Executive Committee. Individual parties could appeal against resolutions of the Executive Committee to the World Congress but had to follow the Congress's decision. | |||
== Anti-Comintern Pact == | The Executive Committee often invited delegates from communist parties to their meetings but only members elected to the Committee at the World Congress could vote. The Executive Committee elected a Presidium that met at least once a month and the Presidium elected a Political Secretariat.<ref>{{Citation|author=J. Peters|year=1935|title=A Manual on Organisation|chapter=Structure and Functions of the Party Organizations|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/parties/cpusa/1935/07/organisers-manual/ch03.htm|city=[[New York City]]|publisher=Workers Library Publishers|mia=https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/parties/cpusa/1935/07/organisers-manual/index.htm}}</ref> | ||
In 1936, [[Nazi Germany]] and Japan signed a pact against the Comintern. | |||
== History== | |||
===First Congress=== | |||
The First Congress of the Comintern was held in [[Moscow]] in 1919. It included communist parties from many countries, including [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russia]], [[Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary (1919)|Hungary]], [[German Reich (1918–1933)|Germany]], [[Japanese empire|Japan]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]], and the [[United States of America|United States]]. | |||
=== Second Congress === | |||
=== Third Congress === | |||
=== Fourth Congress === | |||
In 1922, [[Tan Malaka]] of [[Republic of Indonesia|Indonesia]] proposed collaboration between communism and [[pan-Islamism]]. The Congress rejected it because of the reactionary roles of many Muslim clerics.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2017|title=Red Star over the Third World|chapter=Soviet Asia|page=73–74|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=New Delhi|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref> | |||
=== Fifth Congress === | |||
In 1927, the Comintern adopted the line that [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] [[national liberation]] movements would betray the [[proletariat]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Brussels|page=22|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | |||
=== Sixth Congress === | |||
At its Sixth Congress in 1928, the Comintern warned of a new [[Fascism|fascist]] offensive against the proletariat.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Georgi Dimitrov]]|year=1937|title=The United Front|title-url=http://marx2mao.com/Other/TUF35i.html|chapter=The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International|chapter-url=http://marx2mao.com/Other/TUF35i.html#c1|page=9|city=San Francisco|publisher=Proletarian Publishers}}</ref> | |||
===Seventh Congress === | |||
The Comintern revised its position on national liberation in 1935 to encourage a temporary alliance between the proletariat and national bourgeoisie of [[Colonialism|colonized]] nations.<ref name=":0" /> It also encouraged communists in Europe to form [[Popular front|popular fronts]] against fascism with all [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]] forces.<ref name=":12222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Bali|page=157|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | |||
===Anti-Comintern Pact=== | |||
In 1936, [[Nazi Germany]] and Japan signed a pact against the Comintern.<ref name=":022332">{{Citation|author=Ludo Martens|year=1996|title=Another View of Stalin|chapter=Stalin and the anti-fascist war|isbn=9782872620814|publisher=Editions EPO|pdf=https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaceab64vxtxpqt2cdl4zsrsftmedqidn4foq74gr25qkd35z5nwogdi?filename=Ludo%20Martens%20-%20Another%20View%20of%20Stalin-Editions%20EPO%20%281996%29.pdf|page=185–190}}</ref> [[Spanish State (1939–1975)|Fascist Spain]] and the rest of the Axis later signed the pact. | |||
== References== | |||
[[Category:International communist organizations]] | [[Category:International communist organizations]] | ||
<references /> | |||
Latest revision as of 15:50, 17 March 2024
"Communist International" redirects here. For other uses, see Communist International (disambiguation).
| Communist International | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919–1943 | |||||||||||||
 Symbol
| |||||||||||||
| Leaders | |||||||||||||
• General Secretary | Georgi Dimitrov | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• First Congress | March 1919 | ||||||||||||
• Second Congress | July 1920 | ||||||||||||
• Third Congress | June 1921 | ||||||||||||
• Fourth Congress | November 1922 | ||||||||||||
• Fifth Congress | July 1924 | ||||||||||||
• Sixth Congress | July 1928 | ||||||||||||
• Seventh Congress | July 1935 | ||||||||||||
• Dissolution | 1943 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
The Communist International, also known as the Third International or Comintern, was an international communist organization led by the Soviet Union. It was established in 1919 after the October Revolution and dissolved in 1943 after the Nazi invasion of the USSR. It was briefly succeeded by the Cominform in 1947.
Structure[edit | edit source]
Delegates from communist parties around the world participated in World Congresses of the Comintern. The Congress decided the number of votes for each party based on its membership and the political importance of the country it is from. The World Congress elected an Executive Committee to lead between congresses, and all parties in the Comintern had to follow the decisions of the Executive Committee. Individual parties could appeal against resolutions of the Executive Committee to the World Congress but had to follow the Congress's decision.
The Executive Committee often invited delegates from communist parties to their meetings but only members elected to the Committee at the World Congress could vote. The Executive Committee elected a Presidium that met at least once a month and the Presidium elected a Political Secretariat.[1]
History[edit | edit source]
First Congress[edit | edit source]
The First Congress of the Comintern was held in Moscow in 1919. It included communist parties from many countries, including Russia, Hungary, Germany, Japan, Italy, and the United States.
Second Congress[edit | edit source]
Third Congress[edit | edit source]
Fourth Congress[edit | edit source]
In 1922, Tan Malaka of Indonesia proposed collaboration between communism and pan-Islamism. The Congress rejected it because of the reactionary roles of many Muslim clerics.[2]
Fifth Congress[edit | edit source]
In 1927, the Comintern adopted the line that bourgeois national liberation movements would betray the proletariat.[3]
Sixth Congress[edit | edit source]
At its Sixth Congress in 1928, the Comintern warned of a new fascist offensive against the proletariat.[4]
Seventh Congress[edit | edit source]
The Comintern revised its position on national liberation in 1935 to encourage a temporary alliance between the proletariat and national bourgeoisie of colonized nations.[3] It also encouraged communists in Europe to form popular fronts against fascism with all anti-fascist forces.[5]
Anti-Comintern Pact[edit | edit source]
In 1936, Nazi Germany and Japan signed a pact against the Comintern.[6] Fascist Spain and the rest of the Axis later signed the pact.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ J. Peters (1935). A Manual on Organisation: 'Structure and Functions of the Party Organizations'. New York City: Workers Library Publishers. [MIA]
- ↑ Vijay Prashad (2017). Red Star over the Third World: 'Soviet Asia' (pp. 73–74). [PDF] New Delhi: LeftWord Books.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Brussels' (p. 22). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
- ↑ Georgi Dimitrov (1937). The United Front: 'The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International' (p. 9). San Francisco: Proletarian Publishers.
- ↑ Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Bali' (p. 157). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
- ↑ Ludo Martens (1996). Another View of Stalin: 'Stalin and the anti-fascist war' (pp. 185–190). [PDF] Editions EPO. ISBN 9782872620814