Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste|native_name=Repúblika Demokrátika de Timór-Leste|image_flag=Flag of East Timor.svg|image_coat=East Timor COA.svg|capital=Dili|largest_city=Dili|image_map=East Timor map.svg|map_width=260|official_languages=Portuguese<br>Tetum|area_km2=14,874|population_estimate=1,340,513|population_estimate_year=2021}} | {{Infobox country|name=Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste|native_name=Repúblika Demokrátika de Timór-Leste|image_flag=Flag of East Timor.svg|image_coat=East Timor COA.svg|capital=Dili|largest_city=Dili|mode_of_production=[[Neocolonial]] [[capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary semi-presidential republic|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[José Ramos-Horta]]|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=[[Taur Matan Ruak]]|image_map=East Timor map.svg|map_width=260|official_languages=Portuguese<br>Tetum|area_km2=14,874|population_estimate=1,340,513|population_estimate_year=2021}} | ||
'''East Timor''', officially the '''Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste''', is an island country in Southeast Asia. It was [[Colonialism|colonized]] by [[Portugal]] and later occupied by [[Republic of Indonesia|Indonesia]] until 1999. | '''East Timor''', officially the '''Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste''', is an island country in Southeast Asia. It was [[Colonialism|colonized]] by [[Portugal]] and later occupied by [[Republic of Indonesia|Indonesia]] until 1999. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
The [[Timorese Democratic Union]] attempted a coup against the Portuguese colonizers in August 1975, leading to a brief civil war. The left-wing [[Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor| | |||
=== Indonesian occupation === | |||
The [[Timorese Democratic Union]] attempted a coup against the Portuguese colonizers in August 1975, leading to a brief civil war. The left-wing [[Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor|FRETILIN]] party was the most successful in the war and declared independence from Portugal in November. Nine days later, Indonesia under [[Suharto]] invaded at the behest of [[Gerald Ford]] and [[Henry Kissinger]]. Indonesia occupied East Timor until 1999 with [[United States of America|US]] support, and the United States was one of the only countries that recognized East Timor as Indonesian territory. Indonesian troops killed about a third of the total East Timorese population.<ref>{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2002|title=Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower|chapter=A Concise History of United States Global Interventions, | |||
1945 to the Present|isbn=9781842772201|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=29EED3C6906FF165E08303B9EAF66B4F|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedas5bwprytpzcih6tof3ipede5uzmcvt47tfzwp4cptdau6vmjpy?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Rogue%20State_%20A%20Guide%20to%20the%20World%27s%20Only%20Superpower-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282002%29.pdf|page=124–125}}</ref> | 1945 to the Present|isbn=9781842772201|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=29EED3C6906FF165E08303B9EAF66B4F|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedas5bwprytpzcih6tof3ipede5uzmcvt47tfzwp4cptdau6vmjpy?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Rogue%20State_%20A%20Guide%20to%20the%20World%27s%20Only%20Superpower-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282002%29.pdf|page=124–125}}</ref> | ||
=== IMF austerity === | |||
In 1999, following an independence referendum, the [[United Nations|UN]] established a transitional government dominated by the [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and [[The World Bank|World Bank]]. East Timor became de jure independent and joined the United Nations in 2002. In 2006, the United States and [[Commonwealth of Australia|Australia]] organized a [[Colour revolution|color revolution]] to oust anti-IMF prime minister [[Mari Alkatiri]], who had opposed President [[Xanana Gusmão]]. Neoliberal technocrat [[Estanislau da Silva]] temporarily succeeded him before being replaced by another pro-[[Imperial core|Western]] politician, José Ramos-Horta.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Fernando A. T. Ximenes|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=Twenty-Two years of austerity in Timor-Leste: The IMF and rebuilding the neoliberal state from scratch|date=2022-12-30|url=https://mronline.org/2022/12/30/twenty-two-years-of-austerity-in-timor-leste-the-imf-and-rebuilding-the-neoliberal-state-from-scratch/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231095812/https://mronline.org/2022/12/30/twenty-two-years-of-austerity-in-timor-leste-the-imf-and-rebuilding-the-neoliberal-state-from-scratch/|archive-date=2022-12-31|retrieved=2023-01-01}}</ref> | |||
== Politics == | |||
The 2008 government of East Timor consisted of a coalition of four [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]], pro-Western parties: the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, [[Democratic Party (East Timor)|Democratic Party]], [[Social Democratic Party (East Timor)|Social-Democratic Party]], and [[Timorese Social-Democratic Association]].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Countries]] | [[Category:Countries]] | ||
[[Category:Asian countries]] | |||
[[Category:Global south]] | [[Category:Global south]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:25, 1 January 2023
| Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Repúblika Demokrátika de Timór-Leste | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Dili |
| Official languages | Portuguese Tetum |
| Dominant mode of production | Neocolonial capitalism |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
• President | José Ramos-Horta |
• Prime Minister | Taur Matan Ruak |
| Area | |
• Total | 14,874 km² |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 1,340,513 |
East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It was colonized by Portugal and later occupied by Indonesia until 1999.
History[edit | edit source]
Indonesian occupation[edit | edit source]
The Timorese Democratic Union attempted a coup against the Portuguese colonizers in August 1975, leading to a brief civil war. The left-wing FRETILIN party was the most successful in the war and declared independence from Portugal in November. Nine days later, Indonesia under Suharto invaded at the behest of Gerald Ford and Henry Kissinger. Indonesia occupied East Timor until 1999 with US support, and the United States was one of the only countries that recognized East Timor as Indonesian territory. Indonesian troops killed about a third of the total East Timorese population.[1]
IMF austerity[edit | edit source]
In 1999, following an independence referendum, the UN established a transitional government dominated by the neoliberal IMF and World Bank. East Timor became de jure independent and joined the United Nations in 2002. In 2006, the United States and Australia organized a color revolution to oust anti-IMF prime minister Mari Alkatiri, who had opposed President Xanana Gusmão. Neoliberal technocrat Estanislau da Silva temporarily succeeded him before being replaced by another pro-Western politician, José Ramos-Horta.[2]
Politics[edit | edit source]
The 2008 government of East Timor consisted of a coalition of four right-wing, pro-Western parties: the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, Democratic Party, Social-Democratic Party, and Timorese Social-Democratic Association.[2]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ William Blum (2002). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower: 'A Concise History of United States Global Interventions, 1945 to the Present' (pp. 124–125). [PDF] Zed Books Ltd. ISBN 9781842772201 [LG]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fernando A. T. Ximenes (2022-12-30). "Twenty-Two years of austerity in Timor-Leste: The IMF and rebuilding the neoliberal state from scratch" Monthly Review. Archived from the original on 2022-12-31. Retrieved 2023-01-01.