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Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër in 1908 and became a grammar school teacher in 1936. Following the [[Kingdom of Italy (1922-1943)|Italian]] invasion of Albania, he joined the Party of Labour of Albania at its creation in 1941 in the [[Soviet Union]]. He was elected First Secretary in March 1943 at the age of 34. Less than two years after the liberation of the country, the monarchy of King Zog was formally abolished, and Hoxha rose to power as Albania's symbolic head of state.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=The EspressoStalinist|title=Enver Hoxha Page|url=https://espressostalinist.com/marxism-leninism/enver-hoxha-page/|retrieved=2022-7-24}}</ref> | Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër in 1908 and became a grammar school teacher in 1936. Following the [[Kingdom of Italy (1922-1943)|Italian]] invasion of Albania, he joined the Party of Labour of Albania at its creation in 1941 in the [[Soviet Union]]. He was elected First Secretary in March 1943 at the age of 34. Less than two years after the liberation of the country, the monarchy of King Zog was formally abolished, and Hoxha rose to power as Albania's symbolic head of state.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=The EspressoStalinist|title=Enver Hoxha Page|url=https://espressostalinist.com/marxism-leninism/enver-hoxha-page/|retrieved=2022-7-24}}</ref> | ||
During his 41-year rule, he rebuilt the country, which was left in ruins after World War II, building Albania's first railway line, raising the adult literacy rate from 5% to more than 90%, wiping out epidemics, electrifying the country and leading Albania towards agricultural independence. He also outlawed religion, travelling abroad, private proprietorship, and closed or converted to secular uses all of Albania's religious facilities. Under his regime, thousands of bourgeoisie and counter-revolutionaries were imprisoned in labour camps. | During his 41-year rule, he rebuilt the country, which was left in ruins after World War II, building Albania's first railway line, raising the adult literacy rate from 5% to more than 90%, wiping out epidemics, electrifying the country, abolished taxation,<ref>{{News citation|author=Bjoern Andersen|title=The Albanian Constitution of 1976|date=2005|url=http://bjoerna.dk/dokumentation/Albanian-Constitution-1976.htm#B.%20Economic%20Order|retrieved=2022-7-24|quote=Article 31 | ||
The citizens pay no levies or taxes whatsoever.}}</ref> and leading Albania towards agricultural independence. He also outlawed religion, travelling abroad, private proprietorship, and closed or converted to secular uses all of Albania's religious facilities. Under his regime, thousands of bourgeoisie and counter-revolutionaries were imprisoned in labour camps. | |||
Hoxha's government was characterised by his proclaimed firm adherence to [[Anti-Revisionism|anti-revisionist]] [[Marxism–Leninism]], from the mid/late-1970s onwards. After his break with the [[People's Republic of China]] in the 1976–1978 period, numerous Maoist parties around the world declared themselves [[Hoxhaism|Hoxhaist]]. The [[International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)|International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organisations (Unity & Struggle)]] is the best-known association of these parties.<ref>{{News citation|author=Wolfgang Eggers|newspaper=Comintern (SH)|title=Enver Hoxha|date=2019-4-11|url=http://ciml.250x.com/archive/hoxha/onhoxha/english/enver_hoxha_hoxhaism_16_10_2013.html|retrieved=2022-7-24}}</ref> | Hoxha's government was characterised by his proclaimed firm adherence to [[Anti-Revisionism|anti-revisionist]] [[Marxism–Leninism]], from the mid/late-1970s onwards. After his break with the [[People's Republic of China]] in the 1976–1978 period, numerous Maoist parties around the world declared themselves [[Hoxhaism|Hoxhaist]]. The [[International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)|International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organisations (Unity & Struggle)]] is the best-known association of these parties.<ref>{{News citation|author=Wolfgang Eggers|newspaper=Comintern (SH)|title=Enver Hoxha|date=2019-4-11|url=http://ciml.250x.com/archive/hoxha/onhoxha/english/enver_hoxha_hoxhaism_16_10_2013.html|retrieved=2022-7-24}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 05:56, 24 July 2022
Enver Halil Hoxha | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of comrade Hoxha | |
| Born | 16 October 1908 Gjirokastër, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | April 11, 1985 (aged 76) Tirana, Albania |
| Cause of death | Ventricular fibrillation |
| Nationality | Albanian |
| Political orientation | Marxism-Leninism (developed what is now known as Hoxhaism) |
Enver Halil Hoxha (October 16, 1908 — April 11, 1985) was an Albanian communist politician. He was First Secretary of the Pary of Labour of Albania from 1941 until his death in 1985. He was also a member of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania, chairman of the Democratic Front of Albania, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces and ruled the country from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954 and at various times was both foreign minister and defence minister of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania.
Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër in 1908 and became a grammar school teacher in 1936. Following the Italian invasion of Albania, he joined the Party of Labour of Albania at its creation in 1941 in the Soviet Union. He was elected First Secretary in March 1943 at the age of 34. Less than two years after the liberation of the country, the monarchy of King Zog was formally abolished, and Hoxha rose to power as Albania's symbolic head of state.[1]
During his 41-year rule, he rebuilt the country, which was left in ruins after World War II, building Albania's first railway line, raising the adult literacy rate from 5% to more than 90%, wiping out epidemics, electrifying the country, abolished taxation,[2] and leading Albania towards agricultural independence. He also outlawed religion, travelling abroad, private proprietorship, and closed or converted to secular uses all of Albania's religious facilities. Under his regime, thousands of bourgeoisie and counter-revolutionaries were imprisoned in labour camps.
Hoxha's government was characterised by his proclaimed firm adherence to anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism, from the mid/late-1970s onwards. After his break with the People's Republic of China in the 1976–1978 period, numerous Maoist parties around the world declared themselves Hoxhaist. The International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organisations (Unity & Struggle) is the best-known association of these parties.[3]
References
- ↑ "Enver Hoxha Page". The EspressoStalinist. Retrieved 2022-7-24.
- ↑ “Article 31
The citizens pay no levies or taxes whatsoever.”
Bjoern Andersen (2005). "The Albanian Constitution of 1976" Retrieved 2022-7-24. - ↑ Wolfgang Eggers (2019-4-11). "Enver Hoxha" Comintern (SH). Retrieved 2022-7-24.