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== Early Life == | == Early Life == | ||
Grigory Zinoviev was born in Yelizavetgrad, in the Russian Empire (modern Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine) to a family of jewish dairy farmers who educated him at home. | Grigory Zinoviev was born in Yelizavetgrad, in the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] (modern Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine) to a family of jewish dairy farmers who educated him at home. | ||
Zinoviev joined the RSDLP in 1901. | Zinoviev joined the [[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|RSDLP]] in 1901. | ||
== Pre-revolution == | |||
==Pre-revolution== | |||
In January 1910, against Lenin's wishes, Zinoviev, [[Lev Kamenev|Kamenev]], and [[Alexei Rykov|Rykov]] convened a Plenum of the Central Committee of the [[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|RSDLP]]. Because many [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] members of the CC had been arrested, the Plenum passed some anti-[[Leninism|Leninist]] resolutions. Zinoviev disagreed with Lenin's decision to denounce [[otzovism]] and [[liquidationism]].<ref name=":0" /> | In January 1910, against Lenin's wishes, Zinoviev, [[Lev Kamenev|Kamenev]], and [[Alexei Rykov|Rykov]] convened a Plenum of the Central Committee of the [[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|RSDLP]]. Because many [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] members of the CC had been arrested, the Plenum passed some anti-[[Leninism|Leninist]] resolutions. Zinoviev disagreed with Lenin's decision to denounce [[otzovism]] and [[liquidationism]].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
At the 7th Congress of the Bolshevik Party in April 1917, Zinoviev opposed Lenin and called for the party to remain in the [[Zimmerwald Conference]] instead of forming [[Communist International (1919–1943)|a new international]]. In October 1917, Zinoviev and Kamenev voted against the [[Russian revolution of 1917|October Revolution]] and believed a [[proletarian revolution]] was not possible in Russia. Lenin then proposed to expel them from the party.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=[[Joseph Stalin]]|year=1939|title=History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)|chapter=The Bolshevik Party in the Period of Preparation and Realization of the October Socialist Revolution|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch03.htm|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch07.htm}}</ref> | At the 7th Congress of the Bolshevik Party in April 1917, Zinoviev opposed Lenin and called for the party to remain in the [[Zimmerwald Conference]] instead of forming [[Communist International (1919–1943)|a new international]]. In October 1917, Zinoviev and Kamenev voted against the [[Russian revolution of 1917|October Revolution]] and believed a [[proletarian revolution]] was not possible in Russia. Lenin then proposed to expel them from the party.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=[[Joseph Stalin]]|year=1939|title=History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)|chapter=The Bolshevik Party in the Period of Preparation and Realization of the October Socialist Revolution|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch03.htm|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch07.htm}}</ref> | ||
== Post-revolution == | ==Post-revolution== | ||
Just after the October Revolution, Zinoviev called for the formation of an all-socialist government that would include the deposed [[Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries|SRs]] and [[Mensheviks]].<ref name=":1" /> | Just after the October Revolution, Zinoviev called for the formation of an all-socialist government that would include the deposed [[Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries|SRs]] and [[Mensheviks]].<ref name=":1" /> | ||
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In 1926, [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]] and Zinoviev formed an [[Left Opposition|anti-Party bloc]] and rejected [[democratic centralism]]. The Central Committee expelled them from the party in November 1927.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Joseph Stalin]]|year=1939|title=History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)|chapter=The Bolshevik Party in the Struggle for the Socialist Industrialization of the Country|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch03.htm|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch10.htm}}</ref> Zinoviev organized the murder of [[Sergei Kirov]] in 1934.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Joseph Stalin]]|year=1939|title=History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)|chapter=The Bolshevik Party in the Struggle for the Collectivization of Agriculture|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch03.htm|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch11.htm}}</ref> | In 1926, [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]] and Zinoviev formed an [[Left Opposition|anti-Party bloc]] and rejected [[democratic centralism]]. The Central Committee expelled them from the party in November 1927.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Joseph Stalin]]|year=1939|title=History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)|chapter=The Bolshevik Party in the Struggle for the Socialist Industrialization of the Country|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch03.htm|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch10.htm}}</ref> Zinoviev organized the murder of [[Sergei Kirov]] in 1934.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Joseph Stalin]]|year=1939|title=History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)|chapter=The Bolshevik Party in the Struggle for the Collectivization of Agriculture|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch03.htm|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/ch11.htm}}</ref> | ||
== References == | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Soviet politicians]] | [[Category:Soviet politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Revisionists]] | [[Category:Revisionists]] | ||
[[Category:Trotskyists]] | [[Category:Trotskyists]] | ||
<references /> | |||
Revision as of 02:12, 10 April 2023
Grigory Zinoviev Григорий Зиновьев | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky 23 September 1883 Yelizavetgrad, Russian Empire |
| Died | 25 August 1936 Moscow, RSFSR, Soviet Union |
| Cause of death | Execution |
| Political orientation | Trotskyism |
Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev (23 September 1883 – 25 August 1936) was a Soviet politician and Trotskyist. He opposed Lenin as early as 1910[1] and was executed in 1936 following the Moscow trials.
Early Life
Grigory Zinoviev was born in Yelizavetgrad, in the Russian Empire (modern Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine) to a family of jewish dairy farmers who educated him at home.
Zinoviev joined the RSDLP in 1901.
Pre-revolution
In January 1910, against Lenin's wishes, Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Rykov convened a Plenum of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. Because many Bolshevik members of the CC had been arrested, the Plenum passed some anti-Leninist resolutions. Zinoviev disagreed with Lenin's decision to denounce otzovism and liquidationism.[1]
At the 7th Congress of the Bolshevik Party in April 1917, Zinoviev opposed Lenin and called for the party to remain in the Zimmerwald Conference instead of forming a new international. In October 1917, Zinoviev and Kamenev voted against the October Revolution and believed a proletarian revolution was not possible in Russia. Lenin then proposed to expel them from the party.[2]
Post-revolution
Just after the October Revolution, Zinoviev called for the formation of an all-socialist government that would include the deposed SRs and Mensheviks.[2]
Zinoviev believed Russia was not developed enough to build socialism. Following the 14th Congress of the CPSU in 1925, he called a meeting of the Leningrad Provincial Committee of the YCL, which refused to follow the Congress's decision promoting industrialization.[3]
In 1926, Trotsky and Zinoviev formed an anti-Party bloc and rejected democratic centralism. The Central Committee expelled them from the party in November 1927.[4] Zinoviev organized the murder of Sergei Kirov in 1934.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Joseph Stalin (1939). History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks): 'The Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks in the Period of the Stolypin Reaction. The Bolsheviks Constitute Themselves an Independent Marxist Party'. [MIA]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Joseph Stalin (1939). History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks): 'The Bolshevik Party in the Period of Preparation and Realization of the October Socialist Revolution'. [MIA]
- ↑ Joseph Stalin (1939). History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks): 'The Bolshevik Party in the Period of Transition to the Peaceful Work of Economic Restoration'. [MIA]
- ↑ Joseph Stalin (1939). History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks): 'The Bolshevik Party in the Struggle for the Socialist Industrialization of the Country'. [MIA]
- ↑ Joseph Stalin (1939). History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks): 'The Bolshevik Party in the Struggle for the Collectivization of Agriculture'. [MIA]