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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox country|name=Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|native_name=ٱلْمَمْلَكَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة ٱلسُّعُوْدِيَّة|image_flag=Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Absolute monarchy|leader_title1=King|leader_title2=Crown Prince|leader_name1=[[Salman bin Abdulaziz]]|leader_name2=[[Mohammed bin Salman]]|population_estimate=34,218,169|population_estimate_year=2019|image_coat=Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|capital=[[Riyadh]]|largest_city=[[Riyadh]]|image_map=Saudi Arabia map.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Arabic|area_km2=2,149,690}}'''Saudi Arabia''', officially the '''Kingdom of Saudi Arabia''', is a [[United States of America|US]]-backed absolute monarchy in [[Western Asia]]. In its war against [[Republic of Yemen|Yemen]], it has killed or injured over 18,000 civilians.<ref>{{News citation|date=2020-03-25|title=Five Years of Data on Saudi-led Air War|url=https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18|newspaper=Yemen Data Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204223156/https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18|archive-date=2021-12-04|retrieved=2022-01-16}}</ref>
{{Infobox country|name=Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|native_name=ٱلْمَمْلَكَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة ٱلسُّعُوْدِيَّة|image_flag=Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Absolute monarchy|leader_title1=King|leader_title2=Crown Prince|leader_name1=[[Salman bin Abdulaziz]]|leader_name2=[[Mohammed bin Salman]]|population_estimate=34,218,169|population_estimate_year=2019|image_coat=Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|capital=[[Riyadh]]|largest_city=[[Riyadh]]|image_map=Saudi Arabia map.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Arabic|religion=[[Islam]]|area_km2=2,149,690}}'''Saudi Arabia''', officially the '''Kingdom of Saudi Arabia''', is a [[United States of America|US]]-backed absolute monarchy in [[Western Asia]]. In its war against [[Republic of Yemen|Yemen]], it has killed or injured over 18,000 civilians.<ref>{{News citation|date=2020-03-25|title=Five Years of Data on Saudi-led Air War|url=https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18|newspaper=Yemen Data Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204223156/https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18|archive-date=2021-12-04|retrieved=2022-01-16}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==


=== First Saudi State ===
=== First Saudi State ===
The Saudi dynasty began in the 18th century because its founder made a pact with [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]].<ref name=":1222" /><sup>:261</sup>
The Saudi dynasty began in the 18th century because its founder made a pact with [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]].<ref name=":1222" />


=== Post-unification ===
=== Post-unification ===
Line 14: Line 14:
[[Talal bin Abdulaziz]], the leader of the Free Princes and a follower of Nasser, proposed creating a National Council in 1958. Faisal and [[Saud of Saudi Arabia|Saud]] both rejected his proposed constitution. In 1961, Talal used secular public works to decrease [[unemployment]].
[[Talal bin Abdulaziz]], the leader of the Free Princes and a follower of Nasser, proposed creating a National Council in 1958. Faisal and [[Saud of Saudi Arabia|Saud]] both rejected his proposed constitution. In 1961, Talal used secular public works to decrease [[unemployment]].


In 1962, Faisal took over from his brother Saud and rejected Talal's labor law, leading many of the Free Princes to flee to [[Lebanese Republic|Lebanon]]. Soon after, Faisal created the [[World Muslim League]].<ref name=":1222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Mecca|page=260–6|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>
In 1962, Faisal took over from his brother Saud and rejected Talal's labor law, leading many of the Free Princes to flee to [[Lebanese Republic|Lebanon]]. Soon after, Faisal created the [[World Muslim League]].<ref name=":1222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Mecca|page=260–9|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>
 
=== 1979 uprisings ===
In 1979, a group of devout Muslims sieged Masjid al-Haram, seeking to take back the mosque from corrupt princes. At the same time, Shia Muslims in eastern Saudi Arabia rebelled. The National Guard crushed both uprisings.<ref name=":1222" />


== Workers' movement ==
== Workers' movement ==

Revision as of 16:05, 30 June 2023

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ٱلْمَمْلَكَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة ٱلسُّعُوْدِيَّة
Flag of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Flag
Coat of arms of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Coat of arms
Location of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Capital
and largest city
Riyadh
Official languagesArabic
Religion
Islam
Dominant mode of productionCapitalism
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
• King
Salman bin Abdulaziz
• Crown Prince
Mohammed bin Salman
Area
• Total
2,149,690 km²
Population
• 2019 estimate
34,218,169

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a US-backed absolute monarchy in Western Asia. In its war against Yemen, it has killed or injured over 18,000 civilians.[1]

History

First Saudi State

The Saudi dynasty began in the 18th century because its founder made a pact with Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.[2]

Post-unification

In 1933, Saudi Arabia signed concessions to US and British oil companies.[2]

Crown Prince Faisal attended the 1955 Bandung Conference. Despite his opposition to Nasser, Egypt defended Saudi Arabia against a British invasion from Oman, and Saudi Arabia lent money to Egypt during the Suez Crisis.[2]

Free Princes

Talal bin Abdulaziz, the leader of the Free Princes and a follower of Nasser, proposed creating a National Council in 1958. Faisal and Saud both rejected his proposed constitution. In 1961, Talal used secular public works to decrease unemployment.

In 1962, Faisal took over from his brother Saud and rejected Talal's labor law, leading many of the Free Princes to flee to Lebanon. Soon after, Faisal created the World Muslim League.[2]

1979 uprisings

In 1979, a group of devout Muslims sieged Masjid al-Haram, seeking to take back the mosque from corrupt princes. At the same time, Shia Muslims in eastern Saudi Arabia rebelled. The National Guard crushed both uprisings.[2]

Workers' movement

In 1953, the workers of Aramco tried to strike to form a union. They protested against King Saud and demanded the end of U.S. occupation. The state killed officers from the Dhahran Air Base who mutinied in support of the workers.[2]

Women's rights

Male guardians control where women can travel and work in Saudi Arabia. Adultery and "witchcraft" are punishable by death by stoning or beheading.[3]

References

  1. "Five Years of Data on Saudi-led Air War" (2020-03-25). Yemen Data Project. Archived from the original on 2021-12-04. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Mecca' (pp. 260–9). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
  3. "Hypocrisy of U.S. government, corporate media on display in reaction to Iran protests" (2022-09-26). Liberation News. Retrieved 2022-09-26.