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{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Iraq|native_name=جمهورية العراق<br>کۆماری عێراق|population_estimate=40,222,503|population_estimate_year=2020|area_km2=438,317|capital=[[Baghdad]]|largest_city=[[Baghdad]]}} | {{Infobox country|name=Republic of Iraq|native_name=جمهورية العراق<br>کۆماری عێراق|population_estimate=40,222,503|population_estimate_year=2020|area_km2=438,317|capital=[[Baghdad]]|official_languages=Arabic<br>Kurdish|recognized_regional_languages=Aramaic<br>Armenian<br>Turkish|largest_city=[[Baghdad]]}} | ||
'''Iraq''', officially the '''Republic of Iraq''', is a country in [[Western Asia]]. | '''Iraq''', officially the '''Republic of Iraq''', is a country in [[Western Asia]]. | ||
== US | == History == | ||
In 2007, US mercenaries working for [[Blackwater]] killed 17 civilians in the [[Nisour Square massacre]].<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Sabrina Tavernise|date=2007-09-18|title=U.S. Contractor Banned by Iraq Over Shootings|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/18/world/middleeast/18iraq.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018090949/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/18/world/middleeast/18iraq.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|archive-date=2020-10-18|retrieved=2022-02-02}}</ref> | |||
=== Ottoman Empire === | |||
In 1514, Iraq was conquered by the [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottoman Empire]]. After the [[First World War]], the Ottoman Empire was split up and Iraq was administered by the [[British|British Empire]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Phebe Marr|year=2012|title=The Modern History of Iraq|title-url=https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/779395444810973194/798598206732369981/Majid_Khadduri_-_Socialist_Iraq__A_Study_In_Iraqi_Politics_Since_1968_1978_Middle_East_Institute_-_l.pdf|page=6–72|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=9780813345215}}</ref> | |||
=== British mandate === | |||
It took four years for the British to colonize Iraq. After a nationalist revolt in 1920, the British installed [[Faisal of Iraq|Faisal]] as King of Iraq instead of directly ruling from [[London]]. In 1932, Britain under a [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] government gave independence to Iraq and [[Nuri al-Sa'id]] became prime minister.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== Independence === | |||
Faisal died of a heart attack in 1933 and his son, [[Ghazi of Iraq|Ghazi]], took the throne. A military coup occurred in Iraq in 1936. In 1941, after pro-British politicians were removed from power, the UK invaded and occupied Iraq. Five political parties were founded in 1945, including the [[Pan-Arabism|pan-Arab]] [[Iraqi Independence Party|Istiqlal (Independence) Party]]. Iraq supported Palestine in the [[First Arab–Israeli War]] in 1948. In 1958, King Faisal (grandson of the earlier Faisal) was overthrown, ending the monarchy.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== US war crimes == | |||
In 2007, [[United States of America|US]] mercenaries working for [[Blackwater]] killed 17 civilians in the [[Nisour Square massacre]].<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Sabrina Tavernise|date=2007-09-18|title=U.S. Contractor Banned by Iraq Over Shootings|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/18/world/middleeast/18iraq.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018090949/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/18/world/middleeast/18iraq.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|archive-date=2020-10-18|retrieved=2022-02-02}}</ref> | |||
In 2010, documents leaked by [[Chelsea Manning]] showed that the majority of Iraqis killed by US forces were civilians.<ref>{{News citation|date=2010-10-22|title=Baghdad War Diary|url=https://wikileaks.org/irq/|newspaper=Wikileaks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127064610/https://wikileaks.org/irq/|archive-date=2022-01-27|retrieved=2022-02-02}}</ref> | In 2010, documents leaked by [[Chelsea Manning]] showed that the majority of Iraqis killed by US forces were civilians.<ref>{{News citation|date=2010-10-22|title=Baghdad War Diary|url=https://wikileaks.org/irq/|newspaper=Wikileaks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127064610/https://wikileaks.org/irq/|archive-date=2022-01-27|retrieved=2022-02-02}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 21:06, 29 May 2022
| Republic of Iraq جمهورية العراق کۆماری عێراق | |
|---|---|
| Capital and largest city | Baghdad |
| Official languages | Arabic Kurdish |
| Recognized regional languages | Aramaic Armenian Turkish |
| Area | |
• Total | 438,317 km² |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 40,222,503 |
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in Western Asia.
History
Ottoman Empire
In 1514, Iraq was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. After the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was split up and Iraq was administered by the British Empire.[1]
British mandate
It took four years for the British to colonize Iraq. After a nationalist revolt in 1920, the British installed Faisal as King of Iraq instead of directly ruling from London. In 1932, Britain under a Labour government gave independence to Iraq and Nuri al-Sa'id became prime minister.[1]
Independence
Faisal died of a heart attack in 1933 and his son, Ghazi, took the throne. A military coup occurred in Iraq in 1936. In 1941, after pro-British politicians were removed from power, the UK invaded and occupied Iraq. Five political parties were founded in 1945, including the pan-Arab Istiqlal (Independence) Party. Iraq supported Palestine in the First Arab–Israeli War in 1948. In 1958, King Faisal (grandson of the earlier Faisal) was overthrown, ending the monarchy.[1]
US war crimes
In 2007, US mercenaries working for Blackwater killed 17 civilians in the Nisour Square massacre.[2]
In 2010, documents leaked by Chelsea Manning showed that the majority of Iraqis killed by US forces were civilians.[3]
In 2016, Barack Obama dropped a total of 12,095 bombs on Iraq.[4]
In March 2017, a US air strike killed 112 civilians in Mosul.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Phebe Marr (2012). The Modern History of Iraq (pp. 6–72). Westview Press. ISBN 9780813345215
- ↑ Sabrina Tavernise (2007-09-18). "U.S. Contractor Banned by Iraq Over Shootings" The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-10-18. Retrieved 2022-02-02.
- ↑ "Baghdad War Diary" (2010-10-22). Wikileaks. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-02-02.
- ↑ Ghast Lee (2017-01-23). "Shocking Map Shows Where Barack Obama Dropped His 26,000 Bombs" Sick Chirpse. Archived from the original on 2017-07-15.
- ↑ Ghazi Balkiz, et al. (2017-03-28). "Mosul: 112 civilian bodies pulled from site of coalition airstrike" CNN. Archived from the original on 2021-10-13. Retrieved 2022-02-02.