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(Improved the lede substantially. This page needed an overhaul, but it's still unfinished. Many of the contributions, although valuable, couldn't fit an encyclopedic tone or objective aspects of fascism. The text was mainly unreferenced, and while some information could be recycled, I think it was better to improved mostly from scratch.) Tag: Visual edit |
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'''Fascism''' is a [[reactionary]] movement that rises in the [[Imperialism|imperialist]] stage of capitalism, based on policies that favors the ever-growing concentration of capital.<ref>''“No, fascism is not a power standing above class, nor government of the petty bourgeoisie or the lumpen-proletariat over finance capital. '''Fascism is the power of finance capital itself.''' It is the organization of terrorist vengeance against the working class and the revolutionary section of the peasantry and intelligentsia.”'' | '''Fascism''' is a [[reactionary]] movement that rises in the [[Imperialism|imperialist]] stage of capitalism, based on policies that favors the ever-growing concentration of capital.<ref><blockquote>''“No, fascism is not a power standing above class, nor government of the petty bourgeoisie or the lumpen-proletariat over finance capital. '''Fascism is the power of finance capital itself.''' It is the organization of terrorist vengeance against the working class and the revolutionary section of the peasantry and intelligentsia.”''</blockquote>{{Citation|author=Georgi Dimitrov|year=1935|title=The fascist offensive and the tasks of the Communist International in the struggle of the working class against fascism|chapter=The class character of fascism|page=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Main Report delivered at the 7th World Congress of the Communist International|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/dimitrov/works/1935/08_02.htm|title-url=|chapter-url=}}</ref> As a political movement, it is marked by pervasive [[anti-communism]], a profound aversion towards [[democracy]], the justification and glorification of class society through [[class collaboration]], and [[Chauvinism|chauvinistic]] tendencies, namely ultranationalism, [[racism]] and [[sexism]]. Fascist ideologues usually promote [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]], irrationalist myths and manipulative distortions of truth to gather support of their popular base. | ||
{{Citation|author=Georgi Dimitrov|year=1935|title=The fascist offensive and the tasks of the Communist International in the struggle of the working class against fascism|chapter=The class character of fascism|page=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Main Report delivered at the 7th World Congress of the Communist International|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/dimitrov/works/1935/08_02.htm|title-url=|chapter-url=}}</ref> As a political movement, it is marked by pervasive [[anti-communism]], a profound aversion towards [[democracy]], and [[Chauvinism|chauvinistic]] tendencies, namely | |||
Throughout history, the fascists promoted policies that caused even more [[exploitation]] of the [[Proletariat|working class]], allowing the ''“[[free market]]”'' to take over every aspect of society. So much so that ''The Economist'' magazine introduced the term ''privatization'', unseen in political discourse at the time, to describe [[Nazi Germany]]'s economic policies.<ref>{{Citation|author=Germà Bel|year=2006|title=Retrospectives: the coining of “privatization” and Germany's National Socialist Party|chapter=|page=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 187–194|isbn=|doi=10.1257/jep.20.3.187|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=}}</ref> The most well-known historical examples of fascism are [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Fascist Italy]]. | Throughout history, the fascists promoted policies that caused even more [[exploitation]] of the [[Proletariat|working class]], allowing the ''“[[free market]]”'' to take over every aspect of society. So much so that ''The Economist'' magazine introduced the term ''privatization'', unseen in political discourse at the time, to describe [[Nazi Germany]]'s economic policies.<ref>{{Citation|author=Germà Bel|year=2006|title=Retrospectives: the coining of “privatization” and Germany's National Socialist Party|chapter=|page=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 187–194|isbn=|doi=10.1257/jep.20.3.187|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=}}</ref> The most well-known historical examples of fascism are [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Fascist Italy]]. | ||
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=== Origins === | === Origins === | ||
The term "fascism" comes from the [[Italian Republic|Italian]] National Fascist Party,<ref group="lower-alpha">Italian: ''Partito Nazionale Fascista''</ref> a party founded by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1921, whose practices and ideology would later define this [[reactionary]] movement as a whole. The origins of fascism as a counter-revolutionary movement, however, can be traced as far as the [[French Republic|French]] far-right French Action,<ref group="lower-alpha">French: ''Action Française''</ref> which was an openly anti-[[Marxism|Marxist]] political organization established in 1899 proposing an "integral nation" for French society through [[class collaboration]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Ernst Nolte|year=1966|title=Three faces of fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism|chapter=|page=|pdf=|city=New York|publisher=New American Library|isbn=9780451008619|doi=|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=082DBA3CA0FEE611DCDB8D2CC1DF350C|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=Der Faschismus in seiner Epoche: Die Action française, Der italienische Faschismus, Der Nationalsozialismus|trans-lang=German}}</ref> | |||
=== Fascist Italy === | === Fascist Italy === | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
=== Notes === | |||
<references group="lower-alpha" /> | |||
Revision as of 22:42, 4 November 2021
Fascism is a reactionary movement that rises in the imperialist stage of capitalism, based on policies that favors the ever-growing concentration of capital.[1] As a political movement, it is marked by pervasive anti-communism, a profound aversion towards democracy, the justification and glorification of class society through class collaboration, and chauvinistic tendencies, namely ultranationalism, racism and sexism. Fascist ideologues usually promote conspiracy theories, irrationalist myths and manipulative distortions of truth to gather support of their popular base.
Throughout history, the fascists promoted policies that caused even more exploitation of the working class, allowing the “free market” to take over every aspect of society. So much so that The Economist magazine introduced the term privatization, unseen in political discourse at the time, to describe Nazi Germany's economic policies.[2] The most well-known historical examples of fascism are Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
History
Origins
The term "fascism" comes from the Italian National Fascist Party,[a] a party founded by Benito Mussolini in 1921, whose practices and ideology would later define this reactionary movement as a whole. The origins of fascism as a counter-revolutionary movement, however, can be traced as far as the French far-right French Action,[b] which was an openly anti-Marxist political organization established in 1899 proposing an "integral nation" for French society through class collaboration.[3]
Fascist Italy
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially the Third Reich (Third Empire), was beaten into dissolution by the Soviet Union after the Battle of Berlin in May 1945.
Modern fascist movements
Bolsonarism in Brazil
Trumpism in USA
2019 coup in Bolivia
President Evo Morales of Bolivia was reelected to this office in October 2019 with 47,08% of total votes. Soon after, opposing fascists called the results into question, helped by fraudulent reports from the Organisation of American States (OAS), which led to their paramilitary wing causing violence in the streets. After three weeks, Morales agreed to step down and left the country.
Later, accusations of electoral fraud were completely debunked by the same journals that initially reported on them, trusting the OAS.
The new government, led by Jeanine Añez, established a military junta in the country so as to dismantle popular support for MAS (Morales' party). They pushed elections back three times, eventually having them take place in November 2020, a full year after the coup. Their efforts failed, as MAS won the presidential election in 2020 with 55% of all votes (under candidate Luis Arce).
Since his election, Arce's government has announced that they would effectively purge the military's leadership, as their treason was pivotal in letting the coup succeed.
References
- ↑
Georgi Dimitrov (1935). The fascist offensive and the tasks of the Communist International in the struggle of the working class against fascism: 'The class character of fascism'. Main Report delivered at the 7th World Congress of the Communist International. [MIA]“No, fascism is not a power standing above class, nor government of the petty bourgeoisie or the lumpen-proletariat over finance capital. Fascism is the power of finance capital itself. It is the organization of terrorist vengeance against the working class and the revolutionary section of the peasantry and intelligentsia.”
- ↑ Germà Bel (2006). Retrospectives: the coining of “privatization” and Germany's National Socialist Party. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 187–194. doi: 10.1257/jep.20.3.187 [HUB]
- ↑ Ernst Nolte (1966). Three faces of fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism (German: Der Faschismus in seiner Epoche: Die Action française, Der italienische Faschismus, Der Nationalsozialismus). New York: New American Library. ISBN 9780451008619 [LG]