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| Mongolian People's Republic Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс | |
|---|---|
| 1924–1992 | |
 Flag | |
| Capital | Ulaanbaatar |
| Official languages | Mongolian |
| Dominant mode of production | Socialism |
| Government | Marxist-Leninist state |
| History | |
• People's Revolution | March 1 1921 |
• People's Republic proclaimed | November 26 1924 |
• Counterrevolution | March 9 1990 |
• Current constitution | February 13 1992 |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,564,116 km² |
| Population | |
• 1992 estimate | 2,318,000 |
The Mongolian People's Republic was a socialist state that existed from 1924 to 1992. Under socialism, the life expectancy increased and illiteracy was eliminated.[1]
History
Revolution
Mongolia was feudal society and part of the Qing Dynasty until it collapsed in 1911. In 1921, with the support of the Soviet Red Army, the Mongolian Revolutionary Army captured the capital city of Örgöö, which was renamed Ulaanbaatar.
People's Republic
The People's Republic was proclaimed on 1924 November 26. It launched a policy of liquidating the aristocracy and clergy.[1]Khorloogiin Choibalsan was the leader of the military and premier until his death in 1952. He was replaced by Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, who was general secretary until 1984. For the first decade after the Sino-Soviet split, Mongolia was neutral. This changed in January 1966, Mongolia and the Soviet Union signed a mutual defense treaty. In the first half of 1969, over 4,000 livestock shelters were built that were capable of protecting over 1.8 million animals from the cold.[2]
Counterrevolution
In 1990, a color revolution occurred and bourgeois parties were allowed to compete in elections. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party still won but eventually became a social democratic party by 1991.[3] The current constitution of Mongolia was adopted in 1992.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "History of Socialism in the Mongolian People’s Republic" (2020-07-17). Oktyabr. Archived from the original on 2022-08-24. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
- ↑ Robert A. Smith (1970). Mongolia: In the Soviet Camp (pp. 25–29). University of California Press.
- ↑ Dieter Nohlen, et al. (2001). Elections in Asia: A data handbook (p. 490). ISBN 0199249598