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'''Capitalism''' is a | '''Capitalism''' is a [[mode of production]] based on private ownership of the [[means of production]], exploitation of the [[Proletariat|working class]] through means of [[wage slavery]] and private expropriation of socially produced wealth. | ||
== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
The definition of capitalism | The definition of capitalism in the context of [[scientific socialism]] is different from the one used by its adherents themselves. Liberals and pro-capitalist ideologues define capitalism a combination of [[Free market|free market systems]], [[private property]], free competition and voluntary exchange.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism#Characteristics (Retrieved 25 December 2020)</ref> This and similar definitions carry limitations that prevents capitalist adherents from analyzing capitalism in a holistic manner, including the lengths taken by the [[bourgeoisie]] to preserve and perpetuate the system and their profits, leading to denial of atrocities like the [[Bengal Famine]] or the Pinochet regime as 'not real capitalism'. | ||
== Contradictions == | == Contradictions == | ||
The fundamental contradiction of | The fundamental contradiction of capitalism is that between the social character of production and the private capitalist form of appropriating the product of labor. <ref group="note">Workers in commodity-producing industries provide their labor as a collective force, and that is the social character of production. The bourgeoisie privately expropriate the product of collective labor.</ref> This contradiction expresses the profound antagonism between wage labor and capital, between the developing productive forces and the capitalist relations of production which shackle them. As the modern productive forces, based on large mechanized industry, develop, production becomes more and more concentrated, the social division of labor progresses, leading to a widening and intensification of the economic links between the various enterprises and branches of the economy. | ||
During the production of each commodity, there is, directly or indirectly, participation of enterprises of different branches of production and hundreds of thousands to millions of workers, grouped in the capitalist enterprises. The process of production and work, through the development of [[productive forces]] is increasingly socialized. However, both production and its results do not belong to those who are really its creators — the workers — but to private persons, to the capitalists, who use the social wealth for profit, and not in the interest of society as a whole. | During the production of each commodity, there is, directly or indirectly, participation of enterprises of different branches of production and hundreds of thousands to millions of workers, grouped in the capitalist enterprises. The process of production and work, through the development of [[productive forces]] is increasingly socialized. However, both production and its results do not belong to those who are really its creators — the workers — but to private persons, to the capitalists, who use the social wealth for profit, and not in the interest of society as a whole. | ||
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With the advent of the 1980s, there was "a surge in economic and legal reforms in developed and emerging markets alike that prioritized markets over government in allocating economic resources, a process that was further galvanized by the disappearance of the iron curtain and the collapse of socialism."<ref>Pistor 2019, p. 1</ref> | With the advent of the 1980s, there was "a surge in economic and legal reforms in developed and emerging markets alike that prioritized markets over government in allocating economic resources, a process that was further galvanized by the disappearance of the iron curtain and the collapse of socialism."<ref>Pistor 2019, p. 1</ref> | ||
== Governments | == Governments under capitalism == | ||
Under capitalism, the law is placed firmly "in the service of capital."<ref>Pistor 2019, p. xi</ref> As Professor of Comparative Law at Columbia Law School Katharina Pistor further elucidates: "Through its courts, bailiffs, and police forces, states enforce not only their own commands, but also private property rights and the binding commitments private parties make to one another. This does not mean that state power is omnipresent. As long as the threat of coercive law enforcement is sufficiently credible, voluntary compliance can be achieved without mobilizing it in every case."<ref>Pistor 2019, pp. 17 - 18</ref> | Under capitalism, the law is placed firmly "in the service of capital."<ref>Pistor 2019, p. xi</ref> As Professor of Comparative Law at Columbia Law School Katharina Pistor further elucidates: "Through its courts, bailiffs, and police forces, states enforce not only their own commands, but also private property rights and the binding commitments private parties make to one another. This does not mean that state power is omnipresent. As long as the threat of coercive law enforcement is sufficiently credible, voluntary compliance can be achieved without mobilizing it in every case."<ref>Pistor 2019, pp. 17 - 18</ref> | ||
Revision as of 09:57, 3 February 2021
Capitalism is a mode of production based on private ownership of the means of production, exploitation of the working class through means of wage slavery and private expropriation of socially produced wealth.
Definition
The definition of capitalism in the context of scientific socialism is different from the one used by its adherents themselves. Liberals and pro-capitalist ideologues define capitalism a combination of free market systems, private property, free competition and voluntary exchange.[1] This and similar definitions carry limitations that prevents capitalist adherents from analyzing capitalism in a holistic manner, including the lengths taken by the bourgeoisie to preserve and perpetuate the system and their profits, leading to denial of atrocities like the Bengal Famine or the Pinochet regime as 'not real capitalism'.
Contradictions
The fundamental contradiction of capitalism is that between the social character of production and the private capitalist form of appropriating the product of labor. [note 1] This contradiction expresses the profound antagonism between wage labor and capital, between the developing productive forces and the capitalist relations of production which shackle them. As the modern productive forces, based on large mechanized industry, develop, production becomes more and more concentrated, the social division of labor progresses, leading to a widening and intensification of the economic links between the various enterprises and branches of the economy.
During the production of each commodity, there is, directly or indirectly, participation of enterprises of different branches of production and hundreds of thousands to millions of workers, grouped in the capitalist enterprises. The process of production and work, through the development of productive forces is increasingly socialized. However, both production and its results do not belong to those who are really its creators — the workers — but to private persons, to the capitalists, who use the social wealth for profit, and not in the interest of society as a whole.
History
With the advent of the 1980s, there was "a surge in economic and legal reforms in developed and emerging markets alike that prioritized markets over government in allocating economic resources, a process that was further galvanized by the disappearance of the iron curtain and the collapse of socialism."[2]
Governments under capitalism
Under capitalism, the law is placed firmly "in the service of capital."[3] As Professor of Comparative Law at Columbia Law School Katharina Pistor further elucidates: "Through its courts, bailiffs, and police forces, states enforce not only their own commands, but also private property rights and the binding commitments private parties make to one another. This does not mean that state power is omnipresent. As long as the threat of coercive law enforcement is sufficiently credible, voluntary compliance can be achieved without mobilizing it in every case."[4]
References
Notes
- ↑ Workers in commodity-producing industries provide their labor as a collective force, and that is the social character of production. The bourgeoisie privately expropriate the product of collective labor.
Citations
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism#Characteristics (Retrieved 25 December 2020)
- ↑ Pistor 2019, p. 1
- ↑ Pistor 2019, p. xi
- ↑ Pistor 2019, pp. 17 - 18
Bibliography
Print sources
- Pistor, Katharina (2019). The Code of Capital: How the Law Creates Wealth and Inequality. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691189439.