Counterrevolutions of 1989: Difference between revisions
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The '''Counterrevolutions of 1989''', also known as the '''Fall of Nations''' or, incorrectly, the '''Fall of Communism''', were a series of [[bourgeois]] [[counterrevolution]]s against [[Socialist state|socialist countries]]. They resulted in the deaths at least 200,000 people in civil wars,<ref>{{Citation|author=Gordon M. Hahn|year=2017|title=Ukraine Over the Edge: Russia, the West and the "New Cold War"|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476628752|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> and poverty increased massively: 5% to 32% in the [[Balkans]] and [[Republic of Poland|Poland]], 1% to 29% in the [[Baltics]], 2% to 52% in the Slavic Soviet republics and [[Republic of Moldova|Moldova]], and 15% to 66% in [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Branko Milanovic|year=1998|title=Income, Inequality, and Poverty during the Transition from Planned to Market Economy|chapter=Poverty|section=By How Much Has Poverty Increased?|page=68|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314180055/https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Centers/LIS/Milanovic/papers/Income_ineq_poverty_book.pdf|city=[[Washington, D.C.]]|publisher=[[World Bank]]|isbn=082133994X}}</ref> | The '''Counterrevolutions of 1989''', also known as the '''Fall of Nations''' or, incorrectly, the '''Fall of Communism''' and the '''Revolutions of 1989''', were a series of [[bourgeois]] [[counterrevolution]]s against [[Socialist state|socialist countries]]. They resulted in the deaths at least 200,000 people in civil wars,<ref>{{Citation|author=Gordon M. Hahn|year=2017|title=Ukraine Over the Edge: Russia, the West and the "New Cold War"|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476628752|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> and poverty increased massively: 5% to 32% in the [[Balkans]] and [[Republic of Poland|Poland]], 1% to 29% in the [[Baltics]], 2% to 52% in the Slavic Soviet republics and [[Republic of Moldova|Moldova]], and 15% to 66% in [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Branko Milanovic|year=1998|title=Income, Inequality, and Poverty during the Transition from Planned to Market Economy|chapter=Poverty|section=By How Much Has Poverty Increased?|page=68|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314180055/https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Centers/LIS/Milanovic/papers/Income_ineq_poverty_book.pdf|city=[[Washington, D.C.]]|publisher=[[World Bank]]|isbn=082133994X}}</ref> | ||
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The Counterrevolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Nations or, incorrectly, the Fall of Communism and the Revolutions of 1989, were a series of bourgeois counterrevolutions against socialist countries. They resulted in the deaths at least 200,000 people in civil wars,[1] and poverty increased massively: 5% to 32% in the Balkans and Poland, 1% to 29% in the Baltics, 2% to 52% in the Slavic Soviet republics and Moldova, and 15% to 66% in Central Asia.[2]
| Country | Counterrevolution |
|---|---|
| DR Afghanistan | Mujahideen takeover of Afghanistan |
| People's Republic of China | 1989 Tian'anmen Square riots (attempted) |
| Czechoslovakia | Velvet Counterrevolution |
| German Democratic Republic | Annexation of East Germany |
| SR Romania | Romanian counterrevolution |
| USSR | Overthrow of the Soviet Union |
| SR Yugoslavia | Yugoslav Wars |
See also
References
- ↑ Gordon M. Hahn (2017). Ukraine Over the Edge: Russia, the West and the "New Cold War". McFarland. ISBN 9781476628752
- ↑ Branko Milanovic (1998). Income, Inequality, and Poverty during the Transition from Planned to Market Economy: 'Poverty; By How Much Has Poverty Increased?' (p. 68). [PDF] Washington, D.C.: World Bank. ISBN 082133994X