Library:Fundamental principles of philosophy: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
=== What is philosophy? === | |||
=== Why do we need to study philosophy? === | |||
=== What philosophy should we study? === | |||
==== A scientific philosophy: dialectical materialism ==== | |||
==== A revolutionary philosophy: the philosophy of the proletariat ==== | |||
=== Conclusion: unity of theory and practice === | |||
== Study of the marxist dialectical method == | == Study of the marxist dialectical method == | ||
=== The dialectical method === | |||
==== i. what is a method? ==== | |||
==== ii. the metaphysical method ==== | |||
===== a) its characters ===== | |||
===== (b) its historical significance ===== | |||
==== iii. the dialectical method ==== | |||
===== a) its characters ===== | |||
===== b) his or her historical background ===== | |||
==== iv. formal logic and dialectical method ==== | |||
universal) | === second lesson. - the first feature of the dialectic: everything fits together. (law of reciprocal action and universal connection) === | ||
i. an example | ==== i. an example ==== | ||
ii. the first feature of the dialectic | ==== ii. the first feature of the dialectic ==== | ||
iii. in the wild | ==== iii. in the wild ==== | ||
iv. in society | ==== iv. in society ==== | ||
v. conclusion | ==== v. conclusion ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
third lesson. - the second feature of the dialectic: everything is transformed (law of universal change and of the | === third lesson. - the second feature of the dialectic: everything is transformed (law of universal change and of the continuous development) === | ||
==== i. an example ==== | |||
==== ii. the second feature of the dialectic ==== | |||
==== iii. in the wild ==== | |||
==== iv. in society ==== | |||
==== v. conclusion ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
=== fourth lesson. - the third feature of the dialectic: qualitative change === | |||
==== i. an example ==== | |||
==== ii. the third trait of the dialectic ==== | |||
==== iii. in the wild ==== | |||
==== iv. in society ==== | |||
==== v. conclusion ==== | |||
==== remarks ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
=== fifth lesson. - the fourth feature of the dialectic: the struggle of opposites (i) === | |||
==== i. the struggle of opposites is the driving force behind any change. an example ==== | |||
==== ii. the fourth feature of the dialectic ==== | |||
==== iii. Characteristics of the contradiction ==== | |||
===== a) the contradiction is internal ===== | |||
===== b) the contradiction is innovative ===== | |||
===== c) unity of opposites ===== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
=== sixth lesson. - the fourth feature of the dialectic: the struggle of opposites (ii) === | |||
==== i. universality of contradiction ==== | |||
===== a) in the wild ===== | |||
===== b) in the company ===== | |||
==== ii. antagonism and contradiction ==== | |||
==== iii. the struggle of opposites, the motor of thought ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
=== seventh lesson. - the fourth feature of the dialectic: the struggle of opposites (iii) === | |||
==== i. the specific nature of the contradiction ==== | |||
==== ii. universal and specific are inseparable ==== | |||
==== iii. main contradiction, secondary contradictions ==== | |||
==== iv. main and secondary aspects of the contradiction ==== | |||
==== v. general conclusion on contradiction. - marxism versus proudhonism ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
== Study of marxist philosophical materialism == | |||
== | === eighth lesson. - what is the materialistic conception of the world? === | ||
eighth lesson. - what is the materialistic conception of the world? | |||
i. the two meanings of materialism | ==== i. the two meanings of materialism ==== | ||
ii. matter and spirit | ==== ii. matter and spirit ==== | ||
iii. the fundamental problem of philosophy | ==== iii. the fundamental problem of philosophy ==== | ||
iv. the two meanings of the word "idealism". | ==== iv. the two meanings of the word "idealism". ==== | ||
v. materialism and idealism are opposed in practice as well as in theory | ==== v. materialism and idealism are opposed in practice as well as in theory ==== | ||
vi. Marxist philosophical materialism is distinguished by three fundamental features | ==== vi. Marxist philosophical materialism is distinguished by three fundamental features ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
ninth lesson. - the first feature of marxist materialism: the materiality of the world | === ninth lesson. - the first feature of marxist materialism: the materiality of the world === | ||
i. the idealistic attitude | ==== i. the idealistic attitude ==== | ||
ii. the marxist conception | ==== ii. the marxist conception ==== | ||
iii. matter and movement | ==== iii. matter and movement ==== | ||
iv. natural necessity | ==== iv. natural necessity ==== | ||
v. marxism and religion | ==== v. marxism and religion ==== | ||
vi. conclusion | ==== vi. conclusion ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
tenth lesson. - the second feature of Marxist materialism: matter is prior to consciousness | === tenth lesson. - the second feature of Marxist materialism: matter is prior to consciousness === | ||
i. new idealistic subterfuge | ==== i. new idealistic subterfuge ==== | ||
ii. the marxist conception | ==== ii. the marxist conception ==== | ||
a) objectivity of being | ===== a) objectivity of being ===== | ||
b) consciousness, reflection of the being | ===== b) consciousness, reflection of the being ===== | ||
iii. thought and the brain | ==== iii. thought and the brain ==== | ||
iv. the two degrees of knowledge | ==== iv. the two degrees of knowledge ==== | ||
v. conclusion | ==== v. conclusion ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
eleventh lesson. - the third trait of Marxist materialism: the world is knowable | === eleventh lesson. - the third trait of Marxist materialism: the world is knowable === | ||
i. the ultimate refuge of idealism | ==== i. the ultimate refuge of idealism ==== | ||
ii. the marxist conception | ==== ii. the marxist conception ==== | ||
a) the role of the practice | ==== a) the role of the practice ==== | ||
b) a falsification of the Marxist notion of practice | ==== b) a falsification of the Marxist notion of practice ==== | ||
iii. relative and absolute truth | ==== iii. relative and absolute truth ==== | ||
iv. the union of theory and practice | ==== iv. the union of theory and practice ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
== Dialectical materialism and the spiritual life of society == | == Dialectical materialism and the spiritual life of society == | ||
=== twelfth lesson. - the spiritual life of the society is a reflection of its material life === | |||
==== i. an example ==== | |||
==== ii. idealistic "explanations ==== | |||
==== iii. the dialectical materialist thesis ==== | |||
will not only of individuals, but of man in general | ===== a) the material life of the society is an objective reality existing independently of the conscience and the will not only of individuals, but of man in general ===== | ||
b) the spiritual life of the society is a reflection of the objective reality of the society | ===== b) the spiritual life of the society is a reflection of the objective reality of the society ===== | ||
c) how new ideas and social theories emerge | ===== c) how new ideas and social theories emerge ===== | ||
d) the issue of survivorship | ===== d) the issue of survivorship ===== | ||
iv. conclusion | ==== iv. conclusion ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
thirteenth lesson. - the role and importance of ideas in social life | === thirteenth lesson. - the role and importance of ideas in social life === | ||
i. an example | ==== i. an example ==== | ||
ii. the error of vulgar materialism | ==== ii. the error of vulgar materialism ==== | ||
iii. the dialectical materialist thesis | ==== iii. the dialectical materialist thesis ==== | ||
a) it is the material origin of the ideas which founds their power | ===== a) it is the material origin of the ideas which founds their power ===== | ||
b) old and new ideas | ===== b) old and new ideas ===== | ||
c) new ideas have an organizing, mobilizing and transforming action | ===== c) new ideas have an organizing, mobilizing and transforming action ===== | ||
iv. conclusion | ==== iv. conclusion ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
fourteenth lesson. - the formation, importance and role of scientific socialism | === fourteenth lesson. - the formation, importance and role of scientific socialism === | ||
i. the three sources of marxism | ==== i. the three sources of marxism ==== | ||
===== a) German philosophy ===== | |||
b) English political economy | ===== b) English political economy ===== | ||
c) French socialism | ===== c) French socialism ===== | ||
ii. Utopian socialism | ==== ii. Utopian socialism ==== | ||
iii. scientific socialism | ==== iii. scientific socialism ==== | ||
a) its training | ===== a) its training ===== | ||
b) its characters | ===== b) its characters ===== | ||
iv. the role of scientific socialism | ==== iv. the role of scientific socialism ==== | ||
a) the fusion of socialism and the labor movement | ===== a) the fusion of socialism and the labor movement ===== | ||
b) Necessity of the Communist Party. - criticism of "spontaneity | ===== b) Necessity of the Communist Party. - criticism of "spontaneity ===== | ||
v. conclusion | ==== v. conclusion ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
== Historical materialism == | == Historical materialism == | ||
=== fifteenth lesson. - production: productive forces and production relationships === | |||
==== i. the conditions of the material life of the company ==== | |||
( | ===== (a) the geographic setting ===== | ||
===== (b) the population ===== | |||
==== ii. the method of production ==== | |||
===== a) productive forces ===== | |||
===== b) production reports ===== | |||
==== iii. ownership of the means of production ==== | |||
==== iv. the change in production methods, a key to the history of companies ==== | |||
==== v. conclusion ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
productive | === sixteenth lesson. - the law of necessary correspondence between the relations of production and the character of the productive forces === | ||
i. productive forces are the most mobile and revolutionary element of production | ==== i. productive forces are the most mobile and revolutionary element of production ==== | ||
ii. the feedback of production reports on the productive forces | ==== ii. the feedback of production reports on the productive forces ==== | ||
iii. the necessary law of correspondence | ==== iii. the necessary law of correspondence ==== | ||
iv. the role of human action | ==== iv. the role of human action ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
seventeenth lesson. - the class struggle before capitalism | === seventeenth lesson. - the class struggle before capitalism === | ||
i. the origins of the company | ==== i. the origins of the company ==== | ||
ii. the appearance of classes | ==== ii. the appearance of classes ==== | ||
iii. slave and feudal societies | ==== iii. slave and feudal societies ==== | ||
iv. the development of the bourgeoisie | ==== iv. the development of the bourgeoisie ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
eighteenth lesson. - the contradictions of capitalist society | === eighteenth lesson. - the contradictions of capitalist society === | ||
i. capitalist relations of production: their specific contradiction | ==== i. capitalist relations of production: their specific contradiction ==== | ||
ii. the law of correspondence necessary in capitalist society | ==== ii. the law of correspondence necessary in capitalist society ==== | ||
a) the correspondence between capitalist relations of production and the character of the productive forces | ===== a) the correspondence between capitalist relations of production and the character of the productive forces ===== | ||
b) the conflict between capitalist relations of production and the character of the productive forces | ===== b) the conflict between capitalist relations of production and the character of the productive forces ===== | ||
iii. the class struggle of the proletariat as a method for resolving the contradiction between the relations of production and the forces | ==== iii. the class struggle of the proletariat as a method for resolving the contradiction between the relations of production and the productive forces ==== | ||
==== iv. conclusion ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
=== nineteenth lesson. - the superstructure === | |||
==== i. what is the superstructure? ==== | |||
==== ii. the superstructure is generated by the base ==== | |||
==== iii. the superstructure is an active force ==== | |||
==== iv. the superstructure is not directly related to production ==== | |||
==== v. conclusion ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
=== twentieth lesson. - socialism === | |||
==== i. distribution and production ==== | |||
==== ii. the economic basis of socialism ==== | |||
==== iii. objective conditions for the transition to socialism ==== | |||
==== iv. the fundamental law of socialism ==== | |||
==== v. subjective conditions of the transition to socialism and its development ==== | |||
==== vi. conclusion ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
=== twenty-first lesson. - from socialism to communism === | |||
==== i. the first phase of communist society ==== | |||
==== ii. the upper phase of communist society ==== | |||
==== iii. productive forces and production relations under socialism ==== | |||
==== iv. the conditions of the transition from socialism to communism ==== | |||
==== v. conclusion ==== | |||
==== control issues ==== | |||
== The materialist theory of state and nation == | |||
== | === twenty-second lesson. - the state === | ||
twenty-second lesson. - the state | |||
i. the state and the "general interest". | ==== i. the state and the "general interest". ==== | ||
ii. the state, produces irreconcilable class antagonisms | ==== ii. the state, produces irreconcilable class antagonisms ==== | ||
a) origin of the state | ===== a) origin of the state ===== | ||
b) historical role of the state | ===== b) historical role of the state ===== | ||
iii. the content and form of the statement | ==== iii. the content and form of the statement ==== | ||
a) the social content of the state | ===== a) the social content of the state ===== | ||
(b) the form of the state | ===== (b) the form of the state ===== | ||
iv. class struggle and freedom | ==== iv. class struggle and freedom ==== | ||
a) the bourgeoisie and "freedom". | ===== a) the bourgeoisie and "freedom". ===== | ||
b) the proletariat and freedoms | ===== b) the proletariat and freedoms ===== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
twenty-third lesson. - the nation (i) | === twenty-third lesson. - the nation (i) === | ||
i. nation and social class | ==== i. nation and social class ==== | ||
ii. the scientific conception of the nation | ==== ii. the scientific conception of the nation ==== | ||
a) what is a nation? | ===== a) what is a nation? ===== | ||
b) some mistakes to avoid | ===== b) some mistakes to avoid ===== | ||
iii. the bourgeoisie and the nation | ==== iii. the bourgeoisie and the nation ==== | ||
a) the formation of bourgeois nations | ===== a) the formation of bourgeois nations ===== | ||
b) the bourgeoisie at the head of the nation | ===== b) the bourgeoisie at the head of the nation ===== | ||
c) the bourgeoisie traitor to the nation | ===== c) the bourgeoisie traitor to the nation ===== | ||
iv. the working class and the nation | ==== iv. the working class and the nation ==== | ||
a) proletarian internationalism | ===== a) proletarian internationalism ===== | ||
b) proletarian patriotism | ===== b) proletarian patriotism ===== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
twenty-fourth lesson. - the nation (ii) | === twenty-fourth lesson. - the nation (ii) === | ||
i. the colonial question: the right of nations to self-determination | ==== i. the colonial question: the right of nations to self-determination ==== | ||
ii. socialist nations | ==== ii. socialist nations ==== | ||
a) National question and socialist revolution | ===== a) National question and socialist revolution ===== | ||
(b) character of socialist nations | ===== (b) character of socialist nations ===== | ||
iii. the future of nations | ==== iii. the future of nations ==== | ||
note on alsace and the moselle | ==== note on alsace and the moselle ==== | ||
control issues | ==== control issues ==== | ||
Revision as of 15:01, 4 November 2020
This primary source is currently under transcription process using this resource and a physical copy as reference.