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Due to [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]] targeted Venezuela for regime change,<ref>[[John Bolton]] (2020). [https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=QjTMDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=ko&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir'': 'Chapter 9: Venezuela Libre'.] Simon and Schuster.</ref><ref>[[Benjamin Norton|Norton, Ben]]. [https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/12/trump-john-bolton-coups-venezuela/ “Trump Advisor John Bolton Admits Planning US Coups in Venezuela and beyond.”] [[Multipolarista]]. July 13, 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731205139/https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/12/trump-john-bolton-coups-venezuela/ Archived] 2022-07-31.</ref> Maduro's presidency has faced various forms of aggression and interference, such as assassination attempts,<ref>Joe Parkin Daniels (2018-08-05). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter "Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro survives apparent assassination attempt"] ''[[The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220715064109/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter Archived] from the original on 2022-07-15.</ref> and destabilization efforts organized by US-backed coup leader [[Juan Guaidó]], who, after a phone call with U.S. Vice President [[Mike Pence]], proclaimed himself president of Venezuela.<ref>Dan Cohen, [[Max Blumenthal]] (2019-01-29). [https://thegrayzone.com/2019/01/29/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuelas-coup-leader/amp/?__twitter_impression=true "The Making of Juan Guaidó: How the US regime change laboratory created Venezuela’s coup leader"] ''[[The Grayzone]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220322210646/https://thegrayzone.com/2019/01/29/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuelas-coup-leader/amp/?__twitter_impression=true Archived] from the original on 2022-03-22.</ref> According to a page published in 2020 on the [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] website, Maduro is listed as a "target" and the U.S. Department of State is offering a reward up to $15 million for information leading to his arrest.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/nicolas-maduro-moros-new-target/ “Nicolás Maduro Moros - New Target.”] United States Department of State. March 26, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221103061620/https://www.state.gov/nicolas-maduro-moros-new-target/ Archived] 2022-11-03.</ref> | Due to [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]] targeted Venezuela for regime change,<ref>[[John Bolton]] (2020). [https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=QjTMDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=ko&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir'': 'Chapter 9: Venezuela Libre'.] Simon and Schuster.</ref><ref>[[Benjamin Norton|Norton, Ben]]. [https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/12/trump-john-bolton-coups-venezuela/ “Trump Advisor John Bolton Admits Planning US Coups in Venezuela and beyond.”] [[Multipolarista]]. July 13, 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731205139/https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/12/trump-john-bolton-coups-venezuela/ Archived] 2022-07-31.</ref> Maduro's presidency has faced various forms of aggression and interference, such as assassination attempts,<ref>Joe Parkin Daniels (2018-08-05). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter "Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro survives apparent assassination attempt"] ''[[The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220715064109/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter Archived] from the original on 2022-07-15.</ref> and destabilization efforts organized by US-backed coup leader [[Juan Guaidó]], who, after a phone call with U.S. Vice President [[Mike Pence]], proclaimed himself president of Venezuela.<ref>Dan Cohen, [[Max Blumenthal]] (2019-01-29). [https://thegrayzone.com/2019/01/29/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuelas-coup-leader/amp/?__twitter_impression=true "The Making of Juan Guaidó: How the US regime change laboratory created Venezuela’s coup leader"] ''[[The Grayzone]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220322210646/https://thegrayzone.com/2019/01/29/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuelas-coup-leader/amp/?__twitter_impression=true Archived] from the original on 2022-03-22.</ref> According to a page published in 2020 on the [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] website, Maduro is listed as a "target" and the U.S. Department of State is offering a reward up to $15 million for information leading to his arrest.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/nicolas-maduro-moros-new-target/ “Nicolás Maduro Moros - New Target.”] United States Department of State. March 26, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221103061620/https://www.state.gov/nicolas-maduro-moros-new-target/ Archived] 2022-11-03.</ref> | ||
== Foreign relations == | == Leadership == | ||
=== Elections === | |||
Maduro was initially elected on April 14, 2013. This occurred following Chávez's death in March of that year.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Mario Hubert Garrido|newspaper=Granma|title=The Maduro government’s first two years|date=2015-04-22|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2015-04-22/the-maduro-governments-first-two-years|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref> | |||
Maduro won with 50.66% of the votes cast. His main opposition was Henrique Capriles. Capriles was part of the Primero Justicia party. After losing, he attempted to encourage riots in 2013, which caused the fatalities of 11 people.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The following year, Leopoldo López and his party of Voluntad Popular held 'La Salida' which were attacks which killed 43 people. These attacks also injured over 800 people.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
In early 2015, the Venezuelan government uncovered plans for a [[coup d'état]]. These plans had included attacking civilian regions in Caracas as well as governmental institutions. These plans had been backed by the [[United States of America]] via its embassy in Venezuela. A number of politicians within the country had also loaned it their support.<ref name=":0" /> This coup plan came to be known as the Blue Coup. Antonio Ledezma and Julio Borges were also found to be key operatives in this plan.<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Misión Verdad|newspaper=Granma|title=Maduro shows his strength, looks death in the face|date=2018-08-10|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-08-10/maduro-shows-his-strength-looks-death-in-the-face|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref> | |||
Leading to the second election, some of the conservative parties threatened to not participate in the election. Maduro made it clear that the election would still be held regardless of this threat.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=Maduro: There will be elections come rain or shine|date=2018-02-16|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-02-16/maduro-there-will-be-elections-come-rain-or-shine|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref> | |||
In the following election, Maduro won a second time. 45.99% of the population voted, with 67.78%, or 6,157,185 votes, in favor of reelection. The main opposition candidate, Henri Falcon, received 21.01% of the vote.<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=World leaders congratulate Nicolás Maduro for his reelection|date=2018-05-22|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-05-22/world-leaders-congratulate-nicolas-maduro-for-his-reelection|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref> | |||
=== Assassination Attempts === | |||
During an event in Caracas on Bolivar Avenue on August 4, 2018, two drone attempted to assassinate Maduro. This attack occurred while he finishing giving a speech.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
This attack was carried out by Soldados de Franelas. Soldados de Franelas had links to Óscar Pérez and CICPC, who had killed civilians in attacks in 2017. Governmental investigations also found connections to the attack with outgoing Colombian president, Juan Manuel Santos and agents within [[Flordia|Flordia.]]<ref name=":1" /> | |||
Following the attack, a suspect named Juan Carlos Monasterios was arrested and reveled details of the plot. It was learned from Monasterios that Juan Requesens was involved. Requesens was arrested afterward. He also reveled that Rayder Alexander Russo Márquez and Osmán Alexis Delgado Tabosky were both involved in the attack. Neither were immediately caught. Everyone arrested has explained the involvement of Julio Borges.<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=Nicolás Maduro: Here is the evidence on the failed assassination attempt|date=2018-08-09|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-08-09/nicolas-maduro-here-is-the-evidence-on-the-failed-assassination-attempt|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref> | |||
It was learned that a group calling itself, Bravo, had planned attacks on other events which were called off due to a lack of preparation.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
=== Achievements === | |||
In order to help promote what is beneficial to the people, Presidential Councils of People's Government have been created. These councils deal with a specific issue in the country and may aid in setting policy related to said issue.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The Maduro government had taken significant steps to combat [[poverty]] in the country. As of 2015, 64% of the national budget is dedicated to this. This opposition to poverty have lead to the creation of new govermental missions, such as, Jóvenes de la Patria and Hogares de la Patria.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The country also has excellent policies in relation to nutrition, according to Marcelo Resende, who is a representative at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== Foreign relations === | |||
After Maudro's reelection in 2018, he received wide congratulation from many different nations, including Bolivia, Cuba, El Salvador, Iran, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Russia<ref name=":2" />, and the [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Rodong Sinmun|title=WPK Central Committee's Congratulatory Message to Venezuelan Party Leader|date=2022-4-30|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMi0wNC0zMC1OMDA1QDExQDBATWFkdXJvQDBANA==|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref> | |||
In 2022, Maduro signed a 20-year cooperation agreement with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Benjamin Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Venezuela and Iran sign 20-year cooperation plan, Maduro pledges joint ‘anti-imperialist struggle’|date=2022-06-11|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718213509/https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-date=2022-07-18|retrieved=2022-12-04}}</ref> Later that year, he signed a declaration with [[Republic of Colombia|Colombian]] president [[Gustavo Petro]] striving for Latin American reintegration.<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Colombia’s new president reverses US coup, visits Venezuela, pledges unity in ‘spirit of Bolívar’|date=2022-11-02|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/11/02/colombia-petro-visits-venezuela-unity-bolivar/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125060316/https://multipolarista.com/2022/11/02/colombia-petro-visits-venezuela-unity-bolivar/|archive-date=2022-11-25|retrieved=2022-12-04}}</ref> | In 2022, Maduro signed a 20-year cooperation agreement with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Benjamin Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Venezuela and Iran sign 20-year cooperation plan, Maduro pledges joint ‘anti-imperialist struggle’|date=2022-06-11|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718213509/https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-date=2022-07-18|retrieved=2022-12-04}}</ref> Later that year, he signed a declaration with [[Republic of Colombia|Colombian]] president [[Gustavo Petro]] striving for Latin American reintegration.<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Colombia’s new president reverses US coup, visits Venezuela, pledges unity in ‘spirit of Bolívar’|date=2022-11-02|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/11/02/colombia-petro-visits-venezuela-unity-bolivar/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125060316/https://multipolarista.com/2022/11/02/colombia-petro-visits-venezuela-unity-bolivar/|archive-date=2022-11-25|retrieved=2022-12-04}}</ref> | ||
Nicolás Maduro has affirmed Venezuelan support for the DPRK against imperialism multiple times.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Rodong Sinmun|title=Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Receives Greetings from Venezuelan President|date=2022-9-11|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMi0wOS0xMS1OMDEzQDExQDBATWFkdXJvQDBAMw====|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Rodong Sinmun|title=Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Receives Message from Venezuelan President|date=2022-12-27|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMi0xMi0yNy1IMDA2QDExQDBATWFkdXJvQDBAMg====|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 03:53, 23 July 2023
Nicolás Maduro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 23 November 1962 Caracas, Venezuela |
| Nationality | Venezuelan |
| Political orientation | Chavismo Anti-imperialism Democratic socialism Bolivarianism |
| Political party | PSUV |
Nicolás Maduro Moros is a Venezuelan politician and president of Venezuela since 2013. He succeeded fellow Bolivarian revolutionary Hugo Chávez.
Due to U.S. imperialism targeted Venezuela for regime change,[1][2] Maduro's presidency has faced various forms of aggression and interference, such as assassination attempts,[3] and destabilization efforts organized by US-backed coup leader Juan Guaidó, who, after a phone call with U.S. Vice President Mike Pence, proclaimed himself president of Venezuela.[4] According to a page published in 2020 on the U.S. Department of State website, Maduro is listed as a "target" and the U.S. Department of State is offering a reward up to $15 million for information leading to his arrest.[5]
Leadership
Elections
Maduro was initially elected on April 14, 2013. This occurred following Chávez's death in March of that year.[6]
Maduro won with 50.66% of the votes cast. His main opposition was Henrique Capriles. Capriles was part of the Primero Justicia party. After losing, he attempted to encourage riots in 2013, which caused the fatalities of 11 people.[6]
The following year, Leopoldo López and his party of Voluntad Popular held 'La Salida' which were attacks which killed 43 people. These attacks also injured over 800 people.[6]
In early 2015, the Venezuelan government uncovered plans for a coup d'état. These plans had included attacking civilian regions in Caracas as well as governmental institutions. These plans had been backed by the United States of America via its embassy in Venezuela. A number of politicians within the country had also loaned it their support.[6] This coup plan came to be known as the Blue Coup. Antonio Ledezma and Julio Borges were also found to be key operatives in this plan.[7]
Leading to the second election, some of the conservative parties threatened to not participate in the election. Maduro made it clear that the election would still be held regardless of this threat.[8]
In the following election, Maduro won a second time. 45.99% of the population voted, with 67.78%, or 6,157,185 votes, in favor of reelection. The main opposition candidate, Henri Falcon, received 21.01% of the vote.[9]
Assassination Attempts
During an event in Caracas on Bolivar Avenue on August 4, 2018, two drone attempted to assassinate Maduro. This attack occurred while he finishing giving a speech.[7]
This attack was carried out by Soldados de Franelas. Soldados de Franelas had links to Óscar Pérez and CICPC, who had killed civilians in attacks in 2017. Governmental investigations also found connections to the attack with outgoing Colombian president, Juan Manuel Santos and agents within Flordia.[7]
Following the attack, a suspect named Juan Carlos Monasterios was arrested and reveled details of the plot. It was learned from Monasterios that Juan Requesens was involved. Requesens was arrested afterward. He also reveled that Rayder Alexander Russo Márquez and Osmán Alexis Delgado Tabosky were both involved in the attack. Neither were immediately caught. Everyone arrested has explained the involvement of Julio Borges.[10]
It was learned that a group calling itself, Bravo, had planned attacks on other events which were called off due to a lack of preparation.[10]
Achievements
In order to help promote what is beneficial to the people, Presidential Councils of People's Government have been created. These councils deal with a specific issue in the country and may aid in setting policy related to said issue.[6]
The Maduro government had taken significant steps to combat poverty in the country. As of 2015, 64% of the national budget is dedicated to this. This opposition to poverty have lead to the creation of new govermental missions, such as, Jóvenes de la Patria and Hogares de la Patria.[6]
The country also has excellent policies in relation to nutrition, according to Marcelo Resende, who is a representative at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.[6]
Foreign relations
After Maudro's reelection in 2018, he received wide congratulation from many different nations, including Bolivia, Cuba, El Salvador, Iran, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Russia[9], and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[11]
In 2022, Maduro signed a 20-year cooperation agreement with the Islamic Republic of Iran.[12] Later that year, he signed a declaration with Colombian president Gustavo Petro striving for Latin American reintegration.[13]
Nicolás Maduro has affirmed Venezuelan support for the DPRK against imperialism multiple times.[14][15]
References
- ↑ John Bolton (2020). The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir: 'Chapter 9: Venezuela Libre'. Simon and Schuster.
- ↑ Norton, Ben. “Trump Advisor John Bolton Admits Planning US Coups in Venezuela and beyond.” Multipolarista. July 13, 2022. Archived 2022-07-31.
- ↑ Joe Parkin Daniels (2018-08-05). "Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro survives apparent assassination attempt" The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2022-07-15.
- ↑ Dan Cohen, Max Blumenthal (2019-01-29). "The Making of Juan Guaidó: How the US regime change laboratory created Venezuela’s coup leader" The Grayzone. Archived from the original on 2022-03-22.
- ↑ “Nicolás Maduro Moros - New Target.” United States Department of State. March 26, 2020. Archived 2022-11-03.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Mario Hubert Garrido (2015-04-22). "The Maduro government’s first two years" Granma. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Misión Verdad (2018-08-10). "Maduro shows his strength, looks death in the face" Granma. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ↑ "Maduro: There will be elections come rain or shine" (2018-02-16). Granma. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "World leaders congratulate Nicolás Maduro for his reelection" (2018-05-22). Granma. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Nicolás Maduro: Here is the evidence on the failed assassination attempt" (2018-08-09). Granma. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ↑ "WPK Central Committee's Congratulatory Message to Venezuelan Party Leader" (2022-4-30). Rodong Sinmun. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ↑ Benjamin Norton (2022-06-11). "Venezuela and Iran sign 20-year cooperation plan, Maduro pledges joint ‘anti-imperialist struggle’" Multipolarista. Archived from the original on 2022-07-18. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
- ↑ Ben Norton (2022-11-02). "Colombia’s new president reverses US coup, visits Venezuela, pledges unity in ‘spirit of Bolívar’" Multipolarista. Archived from the original on 2022-11-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
- ↑ "Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Receives Greetings from Venezuelan President" (2022-9-11). Rodong Sinmun. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ↑ "Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Receives Message from Venezuelan President" (2022-12-27). Rodong Sinmun. Retrieved 2023-07-22.