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{{Infobox politician|name=Nikita Khrushchev|native_name=Никита Хрущёв|birth_date=15 April 1894|death_date=11 September 1971|birth_place=Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|death_cause=Heart attack|image=Khrushchev.png}} | {{Infobox politician|name=Nikita Khrushchev|native_name=Никита Хрущёв|birth_date=15 April 1894|death_date=11 September 1971|birth_place=Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|death_cause=Heart attack|image=Khrushchev.png|political_line=[[Revisionism]]}} | ||
'''Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev''' was a | '''Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev''' was a revisionist Soviet politician who was the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] from 1953 to 1964 and [[Premier of the Soviet Union]] from 1958 to 1964. | ||
== | == Early life == | ||
Khrushchev was born in a [[Peasantry|peasant]] family and served as Party Secretary of [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)|Ukraine]] from 1938 to 1949. Party leadership criticized him for admitting too many people into the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|party]] and tolerating [[Ukrainian nationalism]]. In 1949, he moved to Moscow and became the party secretary there.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny|year=2010|title=Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union|chapter=Two Trends in Soviet Politics|page=29–38|pdf=https://ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaceaj5ucph44bjwyhlhsbycckr3ts76zbucn2hbrea32tltcd4s5ekg?filename=Roger%20Keeran_%20Thomas%20Kenny%20-%20Socialism%20Betrayed_%20Behind%20the%20Collapse%20of%20the%20Soviet%20Union-iUniverse.com%20%282010%29.pdf|publisher=iUniverse.com|isbn=9781450241717}}</ref> | |||
== Rule as General Secretary == | |||
Under Khrushchev's rule, the percentage of industrial [[Proletariat|workers]] in the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] reduced to 30% and the number of white-collar officials increased to 50%.<ref name=":1" /> He prioritized consumer goods over heavy industry and decentralized [[Planned economy|state planning]].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
In 1954, he began the Virgin Lands program to cultivate sparsely populated fertile land, mainly in [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]] and [[Siberia]]. 300,000 volunteers participated in the campaign and plowed 27 million hectares of new land in two years. The campaign was initially successful but began to decline in 1957.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== Secret Speech === | |||
In 1956, Khrushchev denounced [[Joseph Stalin]] in his "[[Secret Speech]]" and made many false claims against him. He labeled his political opponents, including [[Vyacheslav Molotov]], [[Georgy Malenkov]], and [[Lavrentiy Beria]] as "[[Stalinism|Stalinists]]." | In 1956, Khrushchev denounced [[Joseph Stalin]] in his "[[Secret Speech]]" and made many false claims against him. He labeled his political opponents, including [[Vyacheslav Molotov]], [[Georgy Malenkov]], and [[Lavrentiy Beria]] as "[[Stalinism|Stalinists]]." | ||
In June 1957, Malenkov's [[Anti-revisionism|anti-revisionist]] faction won the majority in the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet|Presidium]], but Khrushchev argued that only the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] could remove him from power | In June 1957, Malenkov's [[Anti-revisionism|anti-revisionist]] faction won the majority in the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet|Presidium]], but Khrushchev argued that only the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] could remove him from power.<ref name=":1">{{News citation|author=[[TheFinnishBolshevik]]|newspaper=ML-Theory|title=The Khrushchev Coup (Death of Stalin & Khrushchev’s Rise to Power)|date=2019-05-07|url=https://mltheory.wordpress.com/2019/05/07/the-khrushchev-coup-death-of-stalin-khrushchevs-rise-to-power/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116061016/https://mltheory.wordpress.com/2019/05/07/the-khrushchev-coup-death-of-stalin-khrushchevs-rise-to-power/|archive-date=2022-01-16|retrieved=2022-05-30}}</ref> The Central Committee then purged Malenkov, Molotov, and [[Lazar Kaganovich|Kaganovich]] from the Presidium.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Khrushchev Thaw === | |||
Khrushchev's reduction of censorship lead to the spread of [[Liberalism|liberal]] ideas and allowed the publication of novels by the [[Antisemitism|anti-Semite]] [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Death of Stalin == | == Death of Stalin == | ||
Khrushchev may have been responsible for the death of Stalin, who was General Secretary from 1921 to his death in 1953. Stalin died under suspicious circumstances and [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992)|Albanian]] leader [[Enver Hoxha]] accused Khrushchev and his allies of murdering Stalin.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Enver Hoxha]]|year=1981|title=[[Library:With Stalin: Memoirs| With Stalin: Memoirs]]|page=31|quote=All this villainy emerged soon after the death, or to be more precise after the murder, of Stalin. I say after the murder of Stalin, because Mikoyan himself told me...that they, together with Khrushchev and their associates, had decided...to make an attempt on Stalin’s life|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/stalin/intro.htm}}</ref> | Khrushchev may have been responsible for the death of Stalin, who was General Secretary from 1921 to his death in 1953. Stalin died under suspicious circumstances and [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992)|Albanian]] leader [[Enver Hoxha]] accused Khrushchev and his allies of murdering Stalin.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Enver Hoxha]]|year=1981|title=[[Library:With Stalin: Memoirs| With Stalin: Memoirs]]|page=31|quote=All this villainy emerged soon after the death, or to be more precise after the murder, of Stalin. I say after the murder of Stalin, because Mikoyan himself told me...that they, together with Khrushchev and their associates, had decided...to make an attempt on Stalin’s life|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/stalin/intro.htm}}</ref> | ||
== Ideological deviations == | |||
=== National question === | |||
Khrushchev believed that one Soviet [[nation]] could replace all the nationalities of the Soviet Union. He proposed combining all the Central Asian republics into one.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Politicians]] | [[Category:Politicians]] | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Revisionists]] | |||
Revision as of 18:45, 1 November 2022
Nikita Khrushchev Никита Хрущёв | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 15 April 1894 Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 11 September 1971 Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Cause of death | Heart attack |
| Political orientation | Revisionism |
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was a revisionist Soviet politician who was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and Premier of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1964.
Early life
Khrushchev was born in a peasant family and served as Party Secretary of Ukraine from 1938 to 1949. Party leadership criticized him for admitting too many people into the party and tolerating Ukrainian nationalism. In 1949, he moved to Moscow and became the party secretary there.[1]
Rule as General Secretary
Under Khrushchev's rule, the percentage of industrial workers in the CPSU reduced to 30% and the number of white-collar officials increased to 50%.[2] He prioritized consumer goods over heavy industry and decentralized state planning.[1]
In 1954, he began the Virgin Lands program to cultivate sparsely populated fertile land, mainly in Kazakhstan and Siberia. 300,000 volunteers participated in the campaign and plowed 27 million hectares of new land in two years. The campaign was initially successful but began to decline in 1957.[1]
Secret Speech
In 1956, Khrushchev denounced Joseph Stalin in his "Secret Speech" and made many false claims against him. He labeled his political opponents, including Vyacheslav Molotov, Georgy Malenkov, and Lavrentiy Beria as "Stalinists."
In June 1957, Malenkov's anti-revisionist faction won the majority in the Presidium, but Khrushchev argued that only the Central Committee could remove him from power.[2] The Central Committee then purged Malenkov, Molotov, and Kaganovich from the Presidium.[1]
Khrushchev Thaw
Khrushchev's reduction of censorship lead to the spread of liberal ideas and allowed the publication of novels by the anti-Semite Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.[1]
Death of Stalin
Khrushchev may have been responsible for the death of Stalin, who was General Secretary from 1921 to his death in 1953. Stalin died under suspicious circumstances and Albanian leader Enver Hoxha accused Khrushchev and his allies of murdering Stalin.[3]
Ideological deviations
National question
Khrushchev believed that one Soviet nation could replace all the nationalities of the Soviet Union. He proposed combining all the Central Asian republics into one.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny (2010). Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union: 'Two Trends in Soviet Politics' (pp. 29–38). [PDF] iUniverse.com. ISBN 9781450241717
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 TheFinnishBolshevik (2019-05-07). "The Khrushchev Coup (Death of Stalin & Khrushchev’s Rise to Power)" ML-Theory. Archived from the original on 2022-01-16. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ↑ “All this villainy emerged soon after the death, or to be more precise after the murder, of Stalin. I say after the murder of Stalin, because Mikoyan himself told me...that they, together with Khrushchev and their associates, had decided...to make an attempt on Stalin’s life”
Enver Hoxha (1981). With Stalin: Memoirs (p. 31). [MIA]