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'''Operation Paperclip''', also known as '''Operation Overcast''', was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] operation to recruit [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazis]] after [[Second World War|World War II]]. Approximately 1,600 scientists were recruited, including some former leaders of the [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Annie Jacobsen|year=2014|title=Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program to Bring Nazi Scientists to America|page=ix|city=New York City|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|isbn=9780316221054|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UyWe4zFhmVwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780316221054&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBtYad2MP1AhU9JTQIHa9PDQwQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Some well-known Nazis recruited in the operation were [[Wernher von Braun]],<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Michael J. Neufeld|date=2019-05-20|title=Wernher von Braun and the Nazis|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/chasing-moon-wernher-von-braun-and-nazis/|newspaper=American Experience|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225062131/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/chasing-moon-wernher-von-braun-and-nazis/|archive-date=2021-12-25|retrieved=2022-01-21}}</ref> [[Kurt Debus]],<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Martin Koch|date=1995-08-26|title=Die Operation "Paperclip"|newspaper=BerlinOnline|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030422215529/http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/1995/0826/chefredaktion/0010/index.html|archive-date=2003-04-22}}</ref> | '''Operation Paperclip''', also known as '''Operation Overcast''', was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] operation to recruit [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazis]] after [[Second World War|World War II]]. Approximately 1,600 scientists were recruited, including some former leaders of the [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Annie Jacobsen|year=2014|title=Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program to Bring Nazi Scientists to America|page=ix|city=New York City|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|isbn=9780316221054|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UyWe4zFhmVwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780316221054&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBtYad2MP1AhU9JTQIHa9PDQwQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Some well-known Nazis recruited in the operation were [[Wernher von Braun]],<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Michael J. Neufeld|date=2019-05-20|title=Wernher von Braun and the Nazis|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/chasing-moon-wernher-von-braun-and-nazis/|newspaper=American Experience|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225062131/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/chasing-moon-wernher-von-braun-and-nazis/|archive-date=2021-12-25|retrieved=2022-01-21}}</ref> [[Kurt Debus]],<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Martin Koch|date=1995-08-26|title=Die Operation "Paperclip"|newspaper=BerlinOnline|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030422215529/http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/1995/0826/chefredaktion/0010/index.html|archive-date=2003-04-22}}</ref> [[Arthur Rudolph]],<ref>{{News citation|date=1949-01-13|title=Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph|url=https://vault.fbi.gov/Arthur%20Rudolph%20/Arthur%20Rudolph%20Part%201%20of%201/view|newspaper=Federal Bureau of Investigation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061133/https://vault.fbi.gov/Arthur%20Rudolph%20/Arthur%20Rudolph%20Part%201%20of%201/view|archive-date=2021-01-16|retrieved=2022-01-21}}</ref> and [[Reinhard Gehlen]]. In total, 10,000 Nazi war criminals entered the [[United States of America|USA]] after the war in addition to thousands of [[Independent State of Croatia|Croatian]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungarian]], and [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists|Ukrainian]] [[Fascism|fascists]] and helped the USA organize intelligence operations against the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]].<ref name=":0223323">{{Citation|author=Ludo Martens|year=1996|title=Another View of Stalin|chapter=From Stalin to Khrushchev|isbn=9782872620814|publisher=Editions EPO|pdf=https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaceab64vxtxpqt2cdl4zsrsftmedqidn4foq74gr25qkd35z5nwogdi?filename=Ludo%20Martens%20-%20Another%20View%20of%20Stalin-Editions%20EPO%20%281996%29.pdf|page=240–241}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:CIA operations]] | [[Category:CIA operations]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:28, 30 March 2023
Operation Paperclip, also known as Operation Overcast, was a CIA operation to recruit Nazis after World War II. Approximately 1,600 scientists were recruited, including some former leaders of the Nazi Party.[1] Some well-known Nazis recruited in the operation were Wernher von Braun,[2] Kurt Debus,[3] Arthur Rudolph,[4] and Reinhard Gehlen. In total, 10,000 Nazi war criminals entered the USA after the war in addition to thousands of Croatian, Hungarian, and Ukrainian fascists and helped the USA organize intelligence operations against the Soviet Union.[5]
References
- ↑ Annie Jacobsen (2014). Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program to Bring Nazi Scientists to America (pp. ix). New York City: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 9780316221054
- ↑ Michael J. Neufeld (2019-05-20). "Wernher von Braun and the Nazis" American Experience. Archived from the original on 2021-12-25. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
- ↑ Martin Koch (1995-08-26). Die Operation "Paperclip" BerlinOnline. Archived from the original on 2003-04-22.
- ↑ "Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph" (1949-01-13). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on 2021-01-16. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
- ↑ Ludo Martens (1996). Another View of Stalin: 'From Stalin to Khrushchev' (pp. 240–241). [PDF] Editions EPO. ISBN 9782872620814