Phil Ochs

Phil Ochs
Born	Philip David Ochs December 19, 1940 El Paso, Texas, United States of America
Died	April 9, 1976 New York City, State of New York, United States of America
Cause of death	Suicide

Philip David Ochs was a Statesian Left-wing protest singer and songwriter, mostly within the Folk genre.

He participated in the Folk Revival musical movement in the United States, as well as several political movements including the Civil Rights Movement, the Anti-Vietnam War movement, and the Labor Rights movement.

His political views changed throughout his life, with him advocating for the Democratic Party in his early years, before identifying as a Marxist and a Communist later.

Early Life

Phil Ochs was born December 19, 1940 in El Paso Texas to Jacob and Gertrude Phin Ochs. His father was Jewish and his mother was raised in Scotland, where she and Jacob met. He was raised with his older sister Sonia, nicknamed Sonny, and a younger brother Michael.

Jacob Ochs was a military doctor, and as a result of this occupation was made to move often. After the entry by the United States into the Second World War Ochs' was sent to Europe to treat wounded soldiers. Ochs suffered from bipolar depression, then called manic depression. This, compounded with trauma from his work treating wounded soldiers at the Battle of the Bulge in the Second World War, led to Ochs' honorable discharge from the military in 1945.

In late 1945 the Ochs family moved to Far Rockway, New York. Jacob Ochs was hospitalized in Long Island for psychiatric treatment soon after, where he spent two years. In February 1947 Gertrude Ochs took her children to Scotland to stay with her family. They stayed for six months. When Jacob Ochs was released from treatment he started a small private medical practice.

Jacob and Gertrude Ochs' marriage was strained and unhappy from this point, with Jacob Ochs becoming reclusive and distant from his family, described later by Sonny Ochs as being, "like a phantom." Jacob moved without his family to Otisville, New York to work in a small tuberculosis clinic.

In June 1951 the Ochs family moved again, this time to Perrysburg, New York, for Jacob's work. Here, all three children began playing instruments, with Phil choosing the clarinet. Here, Phil Ochs' lifelong passion for music first became evident.

In 1954 the clinic Jacob Ochs worked at closed, and the family, now without Sonny, who was at school in Switzerland, moved again, this time to Columbus, Ohio, where Jacob found work at another tuberculosis clinic. Noticing Phil's talent, his clarinet teacher offered to let Ochs stay with him to continue his studies, but Gertrude refused, and Phil moved with his family.

Gertrude Ochs, disliking the school her children went to in Columbus, deciding to transfer them to the Columbus Academy. Phil disliked the idea and, after Staunton Military Academy in Virginia in a magazine, asked to go there instead. His mother agreed, and he was transferred there.

Ochs began to build his identity there, as well as beginning to go by Phil rather than Philip. He was a member of the school's marching band, but felt stifled by the uniformity of the military school's band.

At Staunton, Ochs first began to listen to country music. Like with the clarinet, he demonstrated an obsessive passion for it. At this time he first began to entertain the idea of fame as a musician.

After finishing high school, Phil decided to go to Ohio State.

Personality and Early Influences

Ochs was considered shy and quiet throughout his childhood by his family as well as being forgetful, losing his school books, glasses and later his wallet. His teachers considered him inattentive and his sister described him as a "dreamer, with a capital D."

Movies played a very important role in Phil's early identity. He and his brother Michael spent large amounts of time at movie theaters, sometimes watching up to nine movies a week. He enjoyed action movies and actors such as John Wayne and Audie Murphy, whose conservative, chauvinistic beliefs contrasted with Phil's later radical beliefs. Actors such as them also led Ochs' aspiration to fame. As an older teenager in Ohio, Ochs idolized James Dean, whose tragic death at the age of 24 deeply effected Phil. His song "Jim Dean of Indiana" was written about James Dean.

Education and Early Career

In late 1958 Phil Ochs began to attend classes at Ohio State University. He grew unhappy there and after a semester took a leave of absence from the university and, despite disapproval from his family, traveling to Florida to try to make a living as a singer in February of 1959. Quickly after arriving in Florida with no means of income and no place to stay he was arrested and sent to jail for 15 days for sleeping on a park bench. After his release, still without a place to stay and sick from malnutrition, Ochs returned to Ohio.

Back at school, Ochs began to look for off campus housing in late 1959. Ochs shared the room, but soon after he moved in his roommate moved elsewhere. Later a fellow student and musician Jim Glover, hearing Ochs' music introduced himself to Phil. They quickly became friends and soon Glover became Ochs' roommate. Glover introduced Ochs to folk music and taught him to play the guitar. Glover, whose parents were fellow travelers for the Communist Party USA, discussed politics with Ochs, who had been captivated by the Cuban revolution earlier that year. Ochs also spent time with Glover's family, discussing politics with his father. Here Ochs' political ideology was first developed.

In 1960, during the United States presidential election, Ochs and Glover disagreed over who they believe would win. Ochs made a bet with Glover. He would bet 50 dollars on John F. Kennedy winning and Glover would bet his guitar on Nixon's victory. Kennedy won and Ochs, with teaching from Glover, began to play the guitar.

Ochs became a writer for the Ohio State student newspaper The Lantern and the Sundial and quickly became one of it's most prolific writers. The ideas he expressed in the newspaper, particularly his support for the Cuban Revolution, were seen as too radical by editors and the sources of funding for the newspaper and, angry with the restrictions placed on him by the newspaper, looked for other ways to share his ideas, writing letters to local newspapers and briefly ran his own newspaper. Eventually Ochs began to express his political views and thoughts on issues of his time through music. Ochs began to write songs. His first song was "The Ballad of the Cuban Invasion," about the Bay of Pigs invasion by the United States, followed by "Ballad of Billie Sol," about a price fixing scandal.

Glover and Ochs began a musical group called the Singing Socialists. They performed at small gatherings and, in one instance, a party hosted by a powerful conservative family. Prior to a performance at a local talent show Ochs renamed the group to The Sundowners in order to appeal to a wider audience.

The group auditioned for a performance at a coffee house in Cleveland. After the audition they were chosen to play for a weekend there and, if they were well received, would play again. Ochs, determined to do well, prepared for the performance and demanded Glover do the same. Ochs gave Glover a new song to learn and, after returning the next day and finding Glover had not looked at it, declared an end to the Sundowners and ended his friendship with Glover.

Soon after Jim Glover moved to Greenwich Village in New York, seeking a solo career in music. Ochs continued to try to establish himself in Ohio, playing opening acts at performances.