Psychiatry: Difference between revisions

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'''Psychiatry''' is a [[pseudoscience]] based on the idea of mental disorders (or mental illness); the notion of mental disorders are not based in any form of material analysis or science.<ref name=":myth">{{Citation|chapter=Conclusion|title=THE MYTH OF MENTAL ILLNESS|publisher=PLoS ONE|author=Thomas Stephen Szasz|pdf=https://depts.washington.edu/psychres/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/100-Papers-in-Clinical-Psychiatry-Conceptual-issues-in-psychiatry-The-Myth-of-Mental-Illness.pdf}}</ref>
'''Psychiatry''' is a field based on the idea of mental disorders (or mental illness).


Psychiatrists are licensed persons that have the ability to diagnose people with mental disorders and prescribe drugs for treatment of mental disorders.
Psychiatrists are licensed persons that have the ability to diagnose people with mental disorders and prescribe drugs for treatment of mental disorders.
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The first version of the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual]] (DSM) was formed in 1952 by the [[American Psychiatric Association]].
The first version of the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual]] (DSM) was formed in 1952 by the [[American Psychiatric Association]].
==Scientific Review==
===Psychiatric Diagnoses===
Psychiatric diagnoses have been proven to be consistently unreliable for any scientific usage.
Psychiatric diagnoses do not use and require any objective analysis; lack scientific research to justify the criteria for the disorders; and do not hold discernible consistent criteria. Most psychiatric disorders are diagnosed through subjective analysis by a psychiatrist.
==== Major Depression Disorder ====
The treatments for Major Depression Disorders are not effective; and are as effective as alternative therapies.<ref name=mdd-treatments-uneffective>{{Citation|title=A Systematic Review of Comparative Efficacy of Treatments and Controls for Depression|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0041778|author=Arif Khan, James Faucett, Pesach Lichtenberg, Irving Kirsch, Walter A. Brown|year=2012}}</ref>
=== Psychiatric Drugs===
Psychiatric drugs have been repeatedly proven to be unreliable in accomplishing their goals (defined by companies) and dangerous to the human body.
Pharmaceutical companies manipulate the bias of the studies to favor psychiatric drugs.
====Antidepressants====
Antidepressants are negligibly more effective than placebo drugs.<ref name=mdd-treatments-uneffective/><ref>{{Citation|title=Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive
disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32802-7|author=Andrea Cipriani, Toshi A Furukawa|year=2018|publisher=Lancet}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Antidepressants versus placebo in major depression: an overview|doi=10.1002/wps.20241|author=Arif Khan, Walter A. Brown|publisher=World Psychiatry|year=2015}}</ref>
===Chemical Imbalance Theory===
The chemical imbalance theory is a quack theory which suggested that a lack of serotonin causes Major Depression Disorder. It was generated by pharmaceutical marketing campaigns for antidepressants around the 1970s.
The chemical imbalance theory has since been disproved.<ref>{{Citation|title=The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence.|author=Joanna Moncrieff, Ruth E. Cooper, Tom Stockmann|publisher=Molecular Psychiatry|pdf=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01661-0.pdf|doi=10.1038/s41380-022-01661-0|year=2022}}</ref> Major Depression Disorder has also been found to have scare objective biomarkers and biological models.<ref>{{Citation|title=Prospective biomarkers of major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis|doi=10.1038/s41380-019-0585-z|author=Mark Horowitz, Joanna Moncrieff|publisher=Molecular Psychiatry}}</ref>
Psychiatrists Andrew McIntosh<ref name="response to serotonin disproval study">{{News citation|title=Depression: low serotonin may not be the cause – but antidepressants still work|url=https://theconversation.com/depression-low-serotonin-may-not-be-the-cause-but-antidepressants-still-work-187477|newspaper=The Conversation|author=Andrew M McIntosh, Cathryn Lewis|date=2022-07-22}}</ref>, Christopher Davey<ref>{{News citation|title=The chemical imbalance theory of depression is dead, but that doesn’t mean antidepressants don’t work|url=https://theconversation.com/the-chemical-imbalance-theory-of-depression-is-dead-but-that-doesnt-mean-antidepressants-dont-work-187769|newspaper=The Conversation|author=Christopher Davey|date=2022-08-02}}</ref>, and Genetic Epidemiologist Cathryn Lewis<ref name="response to serotonin disproval study" /> have responded to the study by claiming that antidepressants still work regardless if the chemical imbalance theory is wrong.


==Reputation==
==Reputation==


Psychiatry is widely denounced by [[antipsychiatry]] advocates and physicians, such as Peter Gøtzsche<ref>{{Citation|title=Deadly Psychiatry and Organised Denial|author=Peter C. Gøtzsche|year=2015|publisher=People's Press|isbn=978-87-7159-623-6}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=Peter C. Gøtzsche|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2013|isbn=9781846198847|title=Deadly Medicines and Organised Crime: How Big Pharma Has Corrupted Healthcare }}</ref>.
Psychiatry is treated as a medical specialty by Western governments, psychiatrist institutions, and pharmaceutical companies.


Regardless, Psychiatry is still commonly treated as a science in cultures, often by psychiatrist institutions and pharmaceutical companies.
Conversely, Psychiatry is denounced as a psuedoscience by [[anti-psychiatry]] advocates and physicians, such as Peter Gøtzsche.<ref>{{Citation|title=Deadly Psychiatry and Organised Denial|author=Peter C. Gøtzsche|year=2015|publisher=People's Press|isbn=978-87-7159-623-6}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=Peter C. Gøtzsche|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2013|isbn=9781846198847|title=Deadly Medicines and Organised Crime: How Big Pharma Has Corrupted Healthcare }}</ref>


===Connections to the Pharmacy Industry===
===Connections to the Pharmacy Industry===
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Psychiatry is highly connected to the pharmaceutical industry.
Psychiatry is highly connected to the pharmaceutical industry.


===Abuse===
In 2008 APA was the focus of congressional investigations on how pharmaceutical industry money shapes the practices of nonprofit organizations that purport to be independent. The drug industry accounted in 2006 for about 30 percent of the association's $62.5 million in financing, half through drug advertisements in its journals and meeting exhibits, and the other half sponsoring fellowships, conferences and industry symposiums at its annual meeting.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/12/washington/12psych.html|title=Psychiatric Group Faces Scrutiny Over Drug Industry Ties|newspaper=The New York Times|author=Benedict Carey, Gardiner Harris|date=2008-07-12}}</ref>
 
Abusive psychiatric hospitals are often not revoked for clearance by commissions; despite the known abuse.<ref>{{News citation|title=Hospital Watchdog Gives Seal of Approval, Even After Problems Emerge|author=Stephanie Armour|date=2017-09-08|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/watchdog-awards-hospitals-seal-of-approval-even-after-problems-emerge-1504889146?mod=article_inline|newspaper=[[Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>


=References=
=References=
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]

Revision as of 08:18, 6 September 2022

Symbol often used to represent psychiatry
Not to be confused with psychology
This article may contain unsourced claims, harmful misinformation, and excessive bias. Do not take the information presented here uncritically.

Psychiatry is a field based on the idea of mental disorders (or mental illness).

Psychiatrists are licensed persons that have the ability to diagnose people with mental disorders and prescribe drugs for treatment of mental disorders.

History

Bethlehem Royal Hospital is the first psychiatric institution formed in 1377.

Psychiatry in Nazi Germany

Psychiatry was an asset used in Nazi Germany's mass extermination of disabled people.[1]

Formation of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

The first version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) was formed in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association.

Reputation

Psychiatry is treated as a medical specialty by Western governments, psychiatrist institutions, and pharmaceutical companies.

Conversely, Psychiatry is denounced as a psuedoscience by anti-psychiatry advocates and physicians, such as Peter Gøtzsche.[2][3]

Connections to the Pharmacy Industry

Psychiatry is highly connected to the pharmaceutical industry.

In 2008 APA was the focus of congressional investigations on how pharmaceutical industry money shapes the practices of nonprofit organizations that purport to be independent. The drug industry accounted in 2006 for about 30 percent of the association's $62.5 million in financing, half through drug advertisements in its journals and meeting exhibits, and the other half sponsoring fellowships, conferences and industry symposiums at its annual meeting.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Rael D Strous. Psychiatry during the Nazi era: ethical lessons for the modern professional. Annals of General Psychiatry. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-6-8 [HUB]
  2. ↑ Peter C. Gøtzsche (2015). Deadly Psychiatry and Organised Denial. People's Press. ISBN 978-87-7159-623-6
  3. ↑ Peter C. Gøtzsche (2013). Deadly Medicines and Organised Crime: How Big Pharma Has Corrupted Healthcare. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781846198847
  4. ↑ Benedict Carey, Gardiner Harris (2008-07-12). "Psychiatric Group Faces Scrutiny Over Drug Industry Ties" The New York Times.
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