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{{Infobox politician|name=Julius Nyerere|image_size=200|birth_date=13 April 1922|birth_place=Butiama, [[Tanganyika Territory]]|death_date=14 October 1999|death_place=London, [[England]], [[UK]]|political_orientation=[[African socialism]]<br>[[Ujamaa]]|political_party=[[TANU]]|image=Julius Nyerere quote about US political dictatorship .jpg}} | {{Infobox politician|name=Julius Nyerere|image_size=200|birth_date=13 April 1922|birth_place=Butiama, [[Tanganyika Territory]]|death_date=14 October 1999|death_place=London, [[England]], [[UK]]|political_orientation=[[African socialism]]<br>[[Ujamaa]]|political_party=[[TANU]]|image=Julius Nyerere quote about US political dictatorship .jpg}} | ||
'''Julius Kambarage Nyerere''' (13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician who served as Prime Minister of Tanganyika from 1961 until 1964. | '''Julius Kambarage Nyerere''' (13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a [[United Republic of Tanzania|Tanzanian]] politician who served as Prime Minister of Tanganyika from 1961 until 1964. In 1964, Tanganyika and [[Zanzibar]] united to form the United Republic of Tanzania, and Nyerere became Tanzania's first president from 1964 to 1985. Nyerere is also often referred to as ''Mwalimu'', meaning "teacher" in Swahili.<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6noZPkLwwU|channel=CGTN Africa|title=Faces Of Africa - Mwalimu Julius Nyerere|date=2013-12-31}}</ref> Nyerere promoted [[Socialism|socialist]] policies, especially promoting the concept of [[ujamaa]], and was a prominent figure in the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Julius Nyerere Leadership Centre|title=The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)|url=https://thejnlc.org/the-non-aligned-movement-nam/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302101656/https://thejnlc.org/the-non-aligned-movement-nam/|archive-date=2024-03-02}}</ref> In 1985, Nyerere stepped down from the presidency but remained the chair of the Party [[Chama cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Marxists.org|title=Biography : Julius Kambarage Nyerere|url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nyerere/biography.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324202510/https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nyerere/biography.htm|archive-date=2024-03-24}}</ref> | ||
Nyerere announced the [[Arusha Declaration]] in 1967, expressing Tanganyika African National Union (TANU)'s policy of building a [[socialist state]].<ref name=":122" /> Historian [[Vijay Prashad]] notes that this announcement "discomforted" the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] [[Imperialism|imperialists]] and Tanzanian [[bourgeoisie]], the "owners and managers of most of the country's resources" including [[Mining|mines]] and the [[land]], and that, "Hemmed in by pressures from the advanced industrial states, the aristocratic rural classes, and the emergent mercantile classes, the new state had little time" to pursue the necessary institutional changes envisioned in TANU's policies for socialist construction. Under Nyerere's administration, [[collectivization]] programs were organized that sent [[Peasantry|peasants]] to ''ujamaa'' villages, sometimes relying on coercion by the military.<ref name=":122">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Arusha|page=191–6|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 13:24, 16 July 2024
Julius Nyerere | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 13 April 1922 Butiama, Tanganyika Territory |
| Died | 14 October 1999 London, England, UK |
| Political orientation | African socialism Ujamaa |
| Political party | TANU |
Julius Kambarage Nyerere (13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician who served as Prime Minister of Tanganyika from 1961 until 1964. In 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form the United Republic of Tanzania, and Nyerere became Tanzania's first president from 1964 to 1985. Nyerere is also often referred to as Mwalimu, meaning "teacher" in Swahili.[1] Nyerere promoted socialist policies, especially promoting the concept of ujamaa, and was a prominent figure in the Non-Aligned Movement.[2] In 1985, Nyerere stepped down from the presidency but remained the chair of the Party Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM).[3]
Nyerere announced the Arusha Declaration in 1967, expressing Tanganyika African National Union (TANU)'s policy of building a socialist state.[4] Historian Vijay Prashad notes that this announcement "discomforted" the British imperialists and Tanzanian bourgeoisie, the "owners and managers of most of the country's resources" including mines and the land, and that, "Hemmed in by pressures from the advanced industrial states, the aristocratic rural classes, and the emergent mercantile classes, the new state had little time" to pursue the necessary institutional changes envisioned in TANU's policies for socialist construction. Under Nyerere's administration, collectivization programs were organized that sent peasants to ujamaa villages, sometimes relying on coercion by the military.[4]
References
- ↑ CGTN Africa (2013-12-31). "Faces Of Africa - Mwalimu Julius Nyerere". YouTube.
- ↑ "The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)". Julius Nyerere Leadership Centre. Archived from the original on 2024-03-02.
- ↑ "Biography : Julius Kambarage Nyerere". Marxists.org. Archived from the original on 2024-03-24.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Arusha' (pp. 191–6). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]