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Council for Mutual Economic Assistance: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox political party|name=Council for Mutual Economic Assistance|logo=Comecon flag.png|caption=Flag|founded=8 January 1949|dissolved=28 June 1991|predecessor=[[Communist International|Comintern]]|native_name=Совет Экономической Взаимопомощи}}
{{Infobox political party|name=Council for Mutual Economic Assistance|logo=Comecon flag.png|caption=Flag|founded=8 January 1949|dissolved=28 June 1991|predecessor=[[Communist International|Comintern]]|native_name=Совет Экономической Взаимопомощи}}


'''Comecon''', officially the '''Council for Mutual Economic Assistance''', was a communist economic organization based in the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]]. It existed from 1949 to 1991 and included the USSR, [[Warsaw Pact]], [[Mongolian People's Republic|Mongolia]], [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam|Vietnam]], and [[Republic of Cuba|Cuba]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Michael C. Kaser|year=1967|title=Comecon: Integration problems of the planned economies|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> It also contained [[Yugoslavia]] as an associate member and other socialist and capitalist states as observers.<ref>{{Citation|author=|year=2009|title=Germany (East)|chapter=The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Library of Congress Country Study|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501075842/http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/germany_east/gx_appnb.html|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref>
'''Comecon''', officially the '''Council for Mutual Economic Assistance''', was a communist economic organization based in the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]]. It existed from 1949 to 1991 and included the USSR, [[Warsaw Pact]], [[Mongolian People's Republic|Mongolia]], [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam|Vietnam]], and [[Republic of Cuba|Cuba]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Michael C. Kaser|year=1967|title=Comecon: Integration problems of the planned economies|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> It also contained [[Yugoslavia]] as an associate member and other socialist and capitalist states as observers.<ref>{{Citation|author=|year=2009|title=Germany (East)|chapter=The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Library of Congress Country Study|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501075842/http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/germany_east/gx_appnb.html|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> Its members provided aid to each other and bought goods at reasonable prices. The Soviet Union exported raw materials and agricultural products to Eastern Europe in exchange for machinery.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Buenos Aires|page=72|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>
== Membership ==
 
=== Full members ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Accession Date
!Continent
!Capital
!Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
!Population (1989)
!Density (per km<sup>2</sup>)
!Currency
|-
|[[People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992)|People's Socialist Republic of Albania]]
 
(''Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë'')
|Feb. 1949
|Europe
|Tirana
|28,748
|3,512,317
|122.2
|Lek
|-
|[[People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1989)|People's Republic of Bulgaria]]
(''Народна република България'')
|Jan. 1949
|Europe
|Sofia
|110,994
|9,009,018
|81.2
|Lev
|-
|[[Republic of Cuba]]
(''República de Cuba'')
|Jul. 1972
|North America
|Havana
|109,884
|10,486,110
|95.4
|Peso
|-
|[[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1989)|Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]]
(''Československá socialistická republika'')
|Jan. 1949
|Europe
|Prague
|127,900
|15,658,079
|122.4
|Koruna
|-
|[[German Democratic Republic (1949–1990)|German Democratic Republic]]
(''Deutsche Demokratische Republik'')
|1950
|Europe
|Berlin
|108,333
|16,586,490
|153.1
|Mark
|-
|[[Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)|Hungarian People's Republic]]
(''Magyar Népköztársaság'')
|Jan. 1949
|Europe
|Budapest
|93,030
|10,375,323
|111.5
|Forint
|-
|[[Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992)|Mongolian People's Republic]]
(''Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс'')
|1962
|Asia
|Ulaanbaatar
|1,564,116
|2,125,463
|1.4
|Tögrög
|-
|[[Polish People's Republic (1947–1989)|Polish People's Republic]]
(''Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa'')
|Jan. 1949
|Europe
|Warsaw
|312,685
|38,094,812
|121.8
|Złoty
|-
|[[Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)|Socialist Republic of Romania]]
(''Republica Socialistă România'')
|Jan. 1949
|Europe
|Bucharest
|238,391
|23,472,562
|98.5
|Leu
|-
|[[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]]
(''Союз Советских Социалистических Республик'')
|Jan. 1949
|Eurasia
|Moscow
|22,402,200
|286,730,819
|12.8
|Ruble
|-
|[[Socialist Republic of Vietnam]]
(''Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam'')
|1978
|Asia
|Hanoi
|332,698
|66,757,401
|200.7
|Đồng
|}
 
=== Associate status ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Accession Date
!Continent
!Capital
!Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
!Population (1991)
!Density (per km<sup>2</sup>)
!Currency
|-
|[[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]
(''Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija /''
 
''Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославија'')
|1964
|Europe
|Belgrade
|255,804
|23,528,230
|91.9
|Dinar
|}
 
=== Observer status ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Accession Date
!Continent
!Capital
!Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
!Population
!Density (per km<sup>2</sup>)
!Currency
|-
|[[People's Republic of China]]
(''中华人民共和国'')
|1950
''(stopped participating in 1961)''
|Asia
|[[Beijing]]
|9,596,961
|694,581,759 (1964)
|72.3
|Renminbi
|-
|[[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]]
(''조선민주주의인민공화국'')
|1956
|Asia
|[[Pyongyang]]
|120,540
|21,213,478 (1993)
|175.9
|Won
|-
|[[Republic of Finland]]
(''Suomen tasavalta / Republiken Finland'')
|1973
|Europe
|Helsinki
|338,455
|4,998,480
(1990)
|14.7
|Markka
|-
|[[Iraqi Republic (1968–2003)|Iraqi Republic]]
(''الجمهورية العراقية'')
|1975
|Asia
|Baghdad
|437,072
|17,419,113 (1990)
|39.8
|Dinar
|-
|[[Mexican United States|United Mexican States]]
(''Estados Unidos Mexicanos'')
|1975
|North America
|Mexico City
|1,972,550
|81,249,645 (1990)
|41.2
|Peso
|-
|[[People's Republic of Angola (1975–1992)|People's Republic of Angola]]
(''República Popular de Angola'')
|1976
|Africa
|Luanda
|1,246,700
|10,335,000
|8.2
|Kwanza
|-
|[[Republic of Nicaragua]]
(''República de Nicaragua'')
|1984
|North America
|Managua
|130,375
|4,138,000
|31.7
|Córdoba
|-
|[[People's Republic of Mozambique (1975–1990)|People's Republic of Mozambique]]
(''República Popular de Moçambique'')
|1985
|Africa
|Maputo
|801,590
|13,547,000
|16.9
|Metical
|-
|[[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992)|Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]]
(''دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت'')
|1986
|Asia
|Kabul
|652,867
|12,412,311
|19.0
|Afghani
|-
|[[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987–1991)|People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]]
(''የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝባዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ'')
|1986
|Africa
|Addis Ababa
|1,221,900
|51,666,622
|42.2
|Birr
|-
|[[Lao People's Democratic Republic]]
(''ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ'')
|1986
|Asia
|[[Vientiane]]
|237,955
|4,192,000
|17.6
|Kip
|-
|[[People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990)|People's Democratic Republic of Yemen]]
(''جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية'')
|1986
|Asia
|Aden
|360,133
|2,585,484
|7.1
|Dinar
|}
 
== References ==
[[Category:International communist organizations]]

Latest revision as of 22:25, 20 November 2024

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

Совет Экономической Взаимопомощи
Founded8 January 1949
Dissolved28 June 1991
Preceded byComintern


Comecon, officially the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, was a communist economic organization based in the Soviet Union. It existed from 1949 to 1991 and included the USSR, Warsaw Pact, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Cuba.[1] It also contained Yugoslavia as an associate member and other socialist and capitalist states as observers.[2] Its members provided aid to each other and bought goods at reasonable prices. The Soviet Union exported raw materials and agricultural products to Eastern Europe in exchange for machinery.[3]

Membership[edit | edit source]

Full members[edit | edit source]

Name Accession Date Continent Capital Area (km2) Population (1989) Density (per km2) Currency
People's Socialist Republic of Albania

(Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë)

Feb. 1949 Europe Tirana 28,748 3,512,317 122.2 Lek
People's Republic of Bulgaria

(Народна република България)

Jan. 1949 Europe Sofia 110,994 9,009,018 81.2 Lev
Republic of Cuba

(República de Cuba)

Jul. 1972 North America Havana 109,884 10,486,110 95.4 Peso
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic

(Československá socialistická republika)

Jan. 1949 Europe Prague 127,900 15,658,079 122.4 Koruna
German Democratic Republic

(Deutsche Demokratische Republik)

1950 Europe Berlin 108,333 16,586,490 153.1 Mark
Hungarian People's Republic

(Magyar Népköztársaság)

Jan. 1949 Europe Budapest 93,030 10,375,323 111.5 Forint
Mongolian People's Republic

(Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс)

1962 Asia Ulaanbaatar 1,564,116 2,125,463 1.4 Tögrög
Polish People's Republic

(Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa)

Jan. 1949 Europe Warsaw 312,685 38,094,812 121.8 Złoty
Socialist Republic of Romania

(Republica Socialistă România)

Jan. 1949 Europe Bucharest 238,391 23,472,562 98.5 Leu
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(Союз Советских Социалистических Республик)

Jan. 1949 Eurasia Moscow 22,402,200 286,730,819 12.8 Ruble
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

(Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam)

1978 Asia Hanoi 332,698 66,757,401 200.7 Đồng

Associate status[edit | edit source]

Name Accession Date Continent Capital Area (km2) Population (1991) Density (per km2) Currency
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

(Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija /

Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославија)

1964 Europe Belgrade 255,804 23,528,230 91.9 Dinar

Observer status[edit | edit source]

Name Accession Date Continent Capital Area (km2) Population Density (per km2) Currency
People's Republic of China

(中华人民共和国)

1950

(stopped participating in 1961)

Asia Beijing 9,596,961 694,581,759 (1964) 72.3 Renminbi
Democratic People's Republic of Korea

(조선민주주의인민공화국)

1956 Asia Pyongyang 120,540 21,213,478 (1993) 175.9 Won
Republic of Finland

(Suomen tasavalta / Republiken Finland)

1973 Europe Helsinki 338,455 4,998,480

(1990)

14.7 Markka
Iraqi Republic

(الجمهورية العراقية)

1975 Asia Baghdad 437,072 17,419,113 (1990) 39.8 Dinar
United Mexican States

(Estados Unidos Mexicanos)

1975 North America Mexico City 1,972,550 81,249,645 (1990) 41.2 Peso
People's Republic of Angola

(República Popular de Angola)

1976 Africa Luanda 1,246,700 10,335,000 8.2 Kwanza
Republic of Nicaragua

(República de Nicaragua)

1984 North America Managua 130,375 4,138,000 31.7 Córdoba
People's Republic of Mozambique

(República Popular de Moçambique)

1985 Africa Maputo 801,590 13,547,000 16.9 Metical
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

(دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت)

1986 Asia Kabul 652,867 12,412,311 19.0 Afghani
People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

(የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝባዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ)

1986 Africa Addis Ababa 1,221,900 51,666,622 42.2 Birr
Lao People's Democratic Republic

(ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ)

1986 Asia Vientiane 237,955 4,192,000 17.6 Kip
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

(جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية)

1986 Asia Aden 360,133 2,585,484 7.1 Dinar

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Michael C. Kaser (1967). Comecon: Integration problems of the planned economies. Oxford University Press.
  2. ↑ Germany (East): 'The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance' (2009). Library of Congress Country Study.
  3. ↑ Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Buenos Aires' (p. 72). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
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