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{{Infobox politician|name=Harry S. Truman|image_size=200|birth_date=May 8, 1884|birth_place=Lamar, [[Missouri]], [[United States of America|United States]]|death_date=December 26, 1972|death_place=Kansas City, Missouri, United States|nationality=Statesian|political_orientation=[[Anti-communism]]<br>[[Imperialism]]|political_party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|image=Harry Truman.png}} | {{Infobox politician|name=Harry S. Truman|image_size=200|birth_date=May 8, 1884|birth_place=Lamar, [[Missouri]], [[United States of America|United States]]|death_date=December 26, 1972|death_place=Kansas City, Missouri, United States|nationality=Statesian|political_orientation=[[Liberalism]]<br>[[Anti-communism]]<br>[[Imperialism]]|political_party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|image=Harry Truman.png}} | ||
'''Harry S. Truman''' (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the [[United States of America]] from 1945 to 1953. His presidency is associated with the final stages of the [[Second World War]] and the early years of the [[Cold War]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-S-Truman “Harry S. Truman | U.S. President & History | Britannica.”] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Notable events occurring under Truman's presidency are the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]],<ref>{{Web citation|author=John Catalinotto|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=Truman was a war criminal|date=2005-08-05|url=https://www.workers.org/2005/world/hiroshima-0811/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723212435/http://www.workers.org/2005/world/hiroshima-0811/|archive-date=2023-07-23}}</ref> the [[Marshall Plan]], the founding of [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]], and the [[Korean War|invasion of Korea]]. Truman also created the [[Truman Doctrine]],<ref>[https://www.rt.com/news/years-since-truman-doctrine/ “60 Years since Truman Doctrine.”] [[RT (TV Network)|RT]] International. March 13, 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220522235047/https://www.rt.com/news/years-since-truman-doctrine/ Archived] 2022-05-22.</ref> which represented a shift in U.S. foreign policy from a nominally isolationist policy to a more openly interventionist one, in which Truman argued that the United States was compelled to assist "free peoples" in their struggles against so-called "[[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] regimes."<ref name=":0">[https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/truman-doctrine “Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian.”] State.gov. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326135104/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/truman-doctrine Archived] 2023-03-06.</ref> In 1947, Truman issued an order requiring federal employees to take loyalty oaths.<ref name=":0233">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The Land of the Free|page=180|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref> | '''Harry S. Truman''' (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the [[United States of America]] from 1945 to 1953. His presidency is associated with the final stages of the [[Second World War]] and the early years of the [[Cold War]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-S-Truman “Harry S. Truman | U.S. President & History | Britannica.”] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Notable events occurring under Truman's presidency are the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]],<ref>{{Web citation|author=John Catalinotto|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=Truman was a war criminal|date=2005-08-05|url=https://www.workers.org/2005/world/hiroshima-0811/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723212435/http://www.workers.org/2005/world/hiroshima-0811/|archive-date=2023-07-23}}</ref> the [[Marshall Plan]], the founding of [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]], and the [[Korean War|invasion of Korea]]. Truman also created the [[Truman Doctrine]],<ref>[https://www.rt.com/news/years-since-truman-doctrine/ “60 Years since Truman Doctrine.”] [[RT (TV Network)|RT]] International. March 13, 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220522235047/https://www.rt.com/news/years-since-truman-doctrine/ Archived] 2022-05-22.</ref> which represented a shift in U.S. foreign policy from a nominally isolationist policy to a more openly interventionist one, in which Truman argued that the United States was compelled to assist "[[Bourgeoisie|free peoples]]" in their struggles against so-called "[[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] [[Socialist state|regimes]]."<ref name=":0">[https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/truman-doctrine “Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian.”] State.gov. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326135104/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/truman-doctrine Archived] 2023-03-06.</ref> In 1947, Truman issued an order requiring federal employees to take loyalty oaths.<ref name=":0233">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The Land of the Free|page=180|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref> | ||
The Truman Doctrine was one of the guiding notions of the USA's [[United States imperialism|imperialist]], [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] efforts at [[containment]] and rollback of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] and other socialist nations and liberation movements throughout the Cold War.<ref name=":0" /> Instead of officially annexing former [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] [[Colonialism|colonies]] in the Pacific, he made them [[United Nations|UN]] trust territories similar to the mandates formed after the [[First World War]]. The [[United States Navy|Navy]] ruled the islands until 1951, when the Department of the Interior took over.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=The Spoils of War|page=283–4|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref> In 1952, Truman considered launching atomic bombs on Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Mukden, Vladivostok, Peking, Shanghai, Port Arthur, Dairen, Odessa, Stalingrad, and other industrial centres of the [[People's Republic of China|PRC]] and [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] in order to reverse | The Truman Doctrine was one of the guiding notions of the USA's [[United States imperialism|imperialist]], [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] efforts at [[containment]] and rollback of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] and other socialist nations and liberation movements throughout the Cold War.<ref name=":0" /> Instead of officially annexing former [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] [[Colonialism|colonies]] in the Pacific, he made them [[United Nations|UN]] trust territories similar to the mandates formed after the [[First World War]]. The [[United States Navy|Navy]] ruled the islands until 1951, when the Department of the Interior took over.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=The Spoils of War|page=283–4|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref> In 1952, Truman considered launching atomic bombs on Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Mukden, Vladivostok, Peking, Shanghai, Port Arthur, Dairen, Odessa, Stalingrad, and other industrial centres of the [[People's Republic of China|PRC]] and [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] in order to reverse his loss in the [[Korean War]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Domenico Losurdo, David Ferreira|year=2020|title=Stalin: The History and Critique of a Black Legend|chapter=The Complex and Contradictory Course of the Stalin Era|section=From “Socialism without the Dictatorship of the Proletariat” to the Cold War Clamp Down|page=120|quote=Not an unfounded concern if we consider January of 1952. To reverse the stalemate in military operations in Korea, Truman entertains a radical idea which he records in his diary: they could deliver an ultimatum to the USSR and the People’s Republic of China, clarifying in advance that failure to comply “means that Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Mukden, Vladivostok, Peking, Shanghai, Port Arthur, Dairen, Odessa, Stalingrad, and all the industrial centers of China and the Soviet Union would be eliminated.|lg=http://library.lol/main/fab891d8f6bbf7bb49e78240483751e4|trans-lang=Italian}}</ref> | ||
In private, Truman was noted to have casually used [[Racism|racist]] and [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] slurs very frequently.<ref>{{Citation|author=David McCullough|year=2003|title=Truman|city=New York|publisher=Simon and Schuster|title-url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Truman.html?id=8fp1A2s6aQwC|page=108, 292, 336|quote=He called it a "Kike town" in a letter to Bess, and to the Nolands explained that in addition to the millions of "Israelitist extraction," there were millions of "wops" as well.<br>'''(...)'''<br>Privately, like the country people whose votes he was courting, he still used the word "nigger" and enjoyed the kind of racial jokes commonly exchanged over drinks in Senate hideaways.<br>'''(...)'''<br>In private, Truman was a man who still, out of old habits of the mouth, could use a word like "kike," or, in a letter to his wife, dismiss Miami as nothing but "hotels, filling stations, Hebrews, and cabins."}}</ref> | |||
== Assassination attempt == | |||
In November 1950, [[Commonwealth of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] [[Nationalism|nationalists]] [[Oscar Collazo]] and [[Griselio Torrezola]] shot at Truman, starting a gunfight with [[Secret Service]] agents. They killed one Secret Service agent, while Torrezola died and Collazo was captured alive and sentenced to death. Truman commuted his sentence to life in prison. In 1979, [[Jimmy Carter]] released him from prison.<ref name=":02">{{Web citation|author=Ed Rampell|newspaper=[[CovertAction Magazine]]|title=Oliver Stone Criticizes Stephen Sondheim for Promoting Lone JFK Assassin Theory in Broadway Musical “Assassins”|date=2022-03-18|url=https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/03/18/oliver-stone-criticizes-stephen-sondheim-for-promoting-lone-jfk-assassin-theory-in-broadway-musical-assassins/}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Anti-communists]] | |||
[[Category:Imperialists]] | |||
[[Category:Liberals]] | |||
[[Category:Presidents of the United States]] | [[Category:Presidents of the United States]] | ||
[[Category:Racists]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:29, 17 December 2024
Harry S. Truman | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | May 8, 1884 Lamar, Missouri, United States |
| Died | December 26, 1972 Kansas City, Missouri, United States |
| Nationality | Statesian |
| Political orientation | Liberalism Anti-communism Imperialism |
| Political party | Democratic |
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States of America from 1945 to 1953. His presidency is associated with the final stages of the Second World War and the early years of the Cold War.[1] Notable events occurring under Truman's presidency are the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,[2] the Marshall Plan, the founding of NATO, and the invasion of Korea. Truman also created the Truman Doctrine,[3] which represented a shift in U.S. foreign policy from a nominally isolationist policy to a more openly interventionist one, in which Truman argued that the United States was compelled to assist "free peoples" in their struggles against so-called "totalitarian regimes."[4] In 1947, Truman issued an order requiring federal employees to take loyalty oaths.[5]
The Truman Doctrine was one of the guiding notions of the USA's imperialist, anti-communist efforts at containment and rollback of the Soviet Union and other socialist nations and liberation movements throughout the Cold War.[4] Instead of officially annexing former Japanese colonies in the Pacific, he made them UN trust territories similar to the mandates formed after the First World War. The Navy ruled the islands until 1951, when the Department of the Interior took over.[6] In 1952, Truman considered launching atomic bombs on Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Mukden, Vladivostok, Peking, Shanghai, Port Arthur, Dairen, Odessa, Stalingrad, and other industrial centres of the PRC and Soviet Union in order to reverse his loss in the Korean War.[7]
In private, Truman was noted to have casually used racist and antisemitic slurs very frequently.[8]
Assassination attempt[edit | edit source]
In November 1950, Puerto Rican nationalists Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torrezola shot at Truman, starting a gunfight with Secret Service agents. They killed one Secret Service agent, while Torrezola died and Collazo was captured alive and sentenced to death. Truman commuted his sentence to life in prison. In 1979, Jimmy Carter released him from prison.[9]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ “Harry S. Truman | U.S. President & History | Britannica.” Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ↑ John Catalinotto (2005-08-05). "Truman was a war criminal" Workers World. Archived from the original on 2023-07-23.
- ↑ “60 Years since Truman Doctrine.” RT International. March 13, 2007. Archived 2022-05-22.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian.” State.gov. Archived 2023-03-06.
- ↑ Albert Szymanski (1984). Human Rights in the Soviet Union: 'The Land of the Free' (p. 180). [PDF] London: Zed Books Ltd. ISBN 0862320186 [LG]
- ↑ David Vine (2020). The United States of War: 'The Spoils of War' (pp. 283–4). Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520972070 [LG]
- ↑ “Not an unfounded concern if we consider January of 1952. To reverse the stalemate in military operations in Korea, Truman entertains a radical idea which he records in his diary: they could deliver an ultimatum to the USSR and the People’s Republic of China, clarifying in advance that failure to comply “means that Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Mukden, Vladivostok, Peking, Shanghai, Port Arthur, Dairen, Odessa, Stalingrad, and all the industrial centers of China and the Soviet Union would be eliminated.”
Domenico Losurdo, David Ferreira (2020). Stalin: The History and Critique of a Black Legend: 'The Complex and Contradictory Course of the Stalin Era; From “Socialism without the Dictatorship of the Proletariat” to the Cold War Clamp Down' (p. 120). [LG] - ↑ “He called it a "Kike town" in a letter to Bess, and to the Nolands explained that in addition to the millions of "Israelitist extraction," there were millions of "wops" as well.
(...)
Privately, like the country people whose votes he was courting, he still used the word "nigger" and enjoyed the kind of racial jokes commonly exchanged over drinks in Senate hideaways.
(...)
In private, Truman was a man who still, out of old habits of the mouth, could use a word like "kike," or, in a letter to his wife, dismiss Miami as nothing but "hotels, filling stations, Hebrews, and cabins."”
David McCullough (2003). Truman (pp. 108, 292, 336). New York: Simon and Schuster. - ↑ Ed Rampell (2022-03-18). "Oliver Stone Criticizes Stephen Sondheim for Promoting Lone JFK Assassin Theory in Broadway Musical “Assassins”" CovertAction Magazine.