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=== Ancient history === | === Ancient history === | ||
The first [[class society]] in Mongolia emerged with the [[Huns]] in the third century CE, and the first Mongol [[state]] was the [[Rouran Khaganate]] of the fourth through sixth centuries. Later [[Feudalism|feudal]] states included the [[Turkic Khaganate]] and [[Uyghur Khaganate]]. The feudal system developed further under the [[Liao dynasty]] of the 10th through 12th centuries.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n8/mode/1up?view=theater|chapter=Introduction|page= | The first [[class society]] in Mongolia emerged with the [[Huns]] in the third century CE, and the first Mongol [[state]] was the [[Rouran Khaganate]] of the fourth through sixth centuries. Later [[Feudalism|feudal]] states included the [[Turkic Khaganate]] and [[Uyghur Khaganate]]. The feudal system developed further under the [[Liao dynasty]] of the 10th through 12th centuries.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n8/mode/1up?view=theater|chapter=Introduction|page=12–16|city=[[Moscow]]|publisher=USSR Academy of Sciences}}</ref> | ||
=== Medieval history === | === Medieval history === | ||
Mongolia unified into a single state in the 13th century. [[Genghis Khan]] made Mongolia a major military power and invaded [[Song dynasty|China]], [[Kievan Rus'|Russia]], and [[Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517)|Iran]], destroying their [[productive forces]] and halting development for many years.<ref name=":0" /> | Mongolia unified into a single state in the 13th century. [[Genghis Khan]] made Mongolia a major military power and invaded [[Song dynasty|China]], [[Kievan Rus'|Russia]], and [[Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517)|Iran]], destroying their [[productive forces]] and halting development for many years. The empire soon collapsed due to internal [[Contradiction|contradictions]] and a lack of a shared economic [[base]]. Mongolia decentralized and local khans frequently fought each other for power.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Qing rule === | |||
The [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)|Qing dynasty]] conquered Mongolia during the 17th century due to feudal disunity and treachery by [[reactionary]] lamas. The Qing emperors strengthened feudalism and isolated Mongolia from the outside world. The princes [[Amursana]] and [[Chingünjav|Chingunzhav]] led a rebellion against China from 1755 to 1758.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== Bogd Khanate === | |||
A [[Peasantry|peasant]] rebellion against China in 1911 turned into a revolution that reestablished Mongolian independence and founded the [[Theocracy|theocratic]] [[Bogd Khanate]]. [[Republic of China|Chinese]] militarists occupied Mongolia in 1919, and [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian]] [[White Army|Whites]] did the same the next year.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Asian countries]] | [[Category:Asian countries]] | ||
Revision as of 00:47, 12 March 2023
| Mongolia Монгол Улс | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Ulaanbaatar |
| Official languages | Mongolian |
| Dominant mode of production | Capitalism |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,564,116 km² |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 3,227,863 |
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia. From 1924 to 1990, it was a socialist state known as the Mongolian People's Republic.
History
Ancient history
The first class society in Mongolia emerged with the Huns in the third century CE, and the first Mongol state was the Rouran Khaganate of the fourth through sixth centuries. Later feudal states included the Turkic Khaganate and Uyghur Khaganate. The feudal system developed further under the Liao dynasty of the 10th through 12th centuries.[1]
Medieval history
Mongolia unified into a single state in the 13th century. Genghis Khan made Mongolia a major military power and invaded China, Russia, and Iran, destroying their productive forces and halting development for many years. The empire soon collapsed due to internal contradictions and a lack of a shared economic base. Mongolia decentralized and local khans frequently fought each other for power.[1]
Qing rule
The Qing dynasty conquered Mongolia during the 17th century due to feudal disunity and treachery by reactionary lamas. The Qing emperors strengthened feudalism and isolated Mongolia from the outside world. The princes Amursana and Chingunzhav led a rebellion against China from 1755 to 1758.[1]
Bogd Khanate
A peasant rebellion against China in 1911 turned into a revolution that reestablished Mongolian independence and founded the theocratic Bogd Khanate. Chinese militarists occupied Mongolia in 1919, and Russian Whites did the same the next year.[1]