Makhnovshchina (1918–1921): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|name=Ukrainian Free Territory|native_name=Махновщина|image_flag=Free Territory Flag.png|year_start=1918|year_end=1921|motto=Власть рождает паразитов. Да здравствует анархия!|englishmotto=Power breeds parasites. Long live anarchy!|anthem=Розпрягайте, хлопці, коні<br />Unhitch the horses, boys|capital=Huliaipole|mode_of_production=[[Communism]] (De | {{Infobox country|name=Ukrainian Free Territory|native_name=Махновщина|image_flag=Free Territory Flag.png|year_start=1918|year_end=1921|motto=Власть рождает паразитов. Да здравствует анархия!|englishmotto=Power breeds parasites. Long live anarchy!|anthem=Розпрягайте, хлопці, коні<br />Unhitch the horses, boys|capital=Huliaipole|mode_of_production=[[Communism]] (De jure)<br>Semi-feudalism (De facto)|government_type=Stateless communes (De jure)<br>Warlordism (De facto)|leader_title1=Leader|leader_name1=[[Nestor Makhno]]|legislature=[[Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents]]|area_km2=~75,000|population_estimate=~7,500,000|population_density_km2=~100|currency=Various|today=[[Ukraine]], [[Donetsk]]}} | ||
Semi- | |||
Warlordism (De | |||
The '''Ukrainian Free Territory''', also know as '''Makhnovshchina''' (Ukrainian: Махновщина) was a supposedly stateless society that existed during the [[Russian Civil War]] | The '''Ukrainian Free Territory''', also know as '''Makhnovshchina''' (Ukrainian: Махновщина) was a supposedly stateless society that existed during the [[Russian Civil War]]; however, it was effectively a bandit state, headed by [[Nestor Makhno]]. Its lack of true statelessness can be attributed to its [[Feudalism|feudalistic]] economy.<ref>{{Citation|author=Colin Darch|year=2020|title=Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917-1921|title-url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Nestor_Makhno_and_Rural_Anarchism_in_Ukr.html?id=epyFwwEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9780745338880|trans-lang=English}}</ref> | ||
== Conflict with Bolsheviks == | |||
Makhno demanded weapons from the [[Bolsheviks]] to fight the [[White Army]] but refused to allow [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Soviet]] grain collectors into the region.<ref>{{Citation|author=Arthur Adams|year=1963|title=Bolsheviks in the Ukraine|city=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> On 7 May 1919, Ukrainian guerrilla leader [[Nikifor Grigoryev]] formed an alliance with the Whites and mutinied against the [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]]. Makhno was initially neutral but joined the rebellion on 25 May.<ref>{{Citation|author=Michael Palij|title=The Anarchism of Nestor Makhno}}</ref> The rebellion weakened the Red Army and allowed [[Anton Denikin]]'s White Guards to take control of most of Ukraine. | |||
== Anti-Semitism == | |||
Makhno himself was not an [[Anti-Semitism|anti-Semite]], but he recruited followers of Grigoryev who had been involved in pogroms. Grigoryev himself had organized pogroms in the summer of 1919 that killed roughly 6,000 Jews.<ref>{{Citation|author=Various authors|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica|page=699–700|volume=13}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Anarchism]] | [[Category:Anarchism]] | ||
Revision as of 14:59, 23 August 2022
| Ukrainian Free Territory Махновщина | |
|---|---|
| 1918–1921 | |
 Flag | |
Motto: Власть рождает паразитов. Да здравствует анархия! Power breeds parasites. Long live anarchy! | |
Anthem: Розпрягайте, хлопці, коні Unhitch the horses, boys | |
| Capital | Huliaipole |
| Dominant mode of production | Communism (De jure) Semi-feudalism (De facto) |
| Government | Stateless communes (De jure) Warlordism (De facto) |
• Leader | Nestor Makhno |
| Legislature | Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents |
| History | |
• Established | 1918 |
• Dissolution | 1921 |
| Area | |
• Total | ~75,000 km² |
| Population | |
• Estimate | ~7,500,000 |
• Density | ~100 km² |
| Currency | Various |
| Today part of | Ukraine, Donetsk |
The Ukrainian Free Territory, also know as Makhnovshchina (Ukrainian: Махновщина) was a supposedly stateless society that existed during the Russian Civil War; however, it was effectively a bandit state, headed by Nestor Makhno. Its lack of true statelessness can be attributed to its feudalistic economy.[1]
Conflict with Bolsheviks
Makhno demanded weapons from the Bolsheviks to fight the White Army but refused to allow Soviet grain collectors into the region.[2] On 7 May 1919, Ukrainian guerrilla leader Nikifor Grigoryev formed an alliance with the Whites and mutinied against the Red Army. Makhno was initially neutral but joined the rebellion on 25 May.[3] The rebellion weakened the Red Army and allowed Anton Denikin's White Guards to take control of most of Ukraine.
Anti-Semitism
Makhno himself was not an anti-Semite, but he recruited followers of Grigoryev who had been involved in pogroms. Grigoryev himself had organized pogroms in the summer of 1919 that killed roughly 6,000 Jews.[4]
References
- ↑ Colin Darch (2020). Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917-1921. Pluto Press. ISBN 9780745338880
- ↑ Arthur Adams (1963). Bolsheviks in the Ukraine. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- ↑ Michael Palij. The Anarchism of Nestor Makhno.
- ↑ Various authors. Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol. 13.