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Stalin, being one of Lenin's staunchest defenders and advocates, has defined Leninism to be an advancement of Marxism from that of under [[Karl Marx|Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]] into the era of [[imperialism]] in the 20th century. It is the theory and tactics of the proletarian revolution in general, and the theory and tactics of the proletarian. What places Leninism as an advancement is that Marxism in the 19th century was pursued in the pre-revolutionary period when imperialism was not yet fully developed. Leninism was pursued in the 20th century when imperialism was already developed.<ref>{{Citation|author=Joseph Stalin|year=1924|title=The Foundations of Leninism|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/introduction.htm|quote=Leninism is Marxism of the era of imperialism and the proletarian revolution. To be more exact, Leninism is the theory and tactics of the proletarian revolution in general, the theory and tactics of the dictatorship of the proletariat in particular. Marx and Engels pursued their activities in the pre-revolutionary period, (we have the proletarian revolution in mind), when developed imperialism did not yet exist, in the period of the proletarians’ preparation for revolution, in the period when the proletarian revolution was not yet an immediate practical inevitability. But Lenin, the disciple of Marx and Engels, pursued his activities in the period of developed imperialism, in the period of the unfolding proletarian revolution, when the proletarian revolution had already triumphed in one country, had smashed bourgeois democracy and had ushered in the era of proletarian democracy, the era of the Soviets.}}</ref> | Stalin, being one of Lenin's staunchest defenders and advocates, has defined Leninism to be an advancement of Marxism from that of under [[Karl Marx|Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]] into the era of [[imperialism]] in the 20th century. It is the theory and tactics of the proletarian revolution in general, and the theory and tactics of the proletarian. What places Leninism as an advancement is that Marxism in the 19th century was pursued in the pre-revolutionary period when imperialism was not yet fully developed. Leninism was pursued in the 20th century when imperialism was already developed.<ref>{{Citation|author=Joseph Stalin|year=1924|title=The Foundations of Leninism|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/introduction.htm|quote=Leninism is Marxism of the era of imperialism and the proletarian revolution. To be more exact, Leninism is the theory and tactics of the proletarian revolution in general, the theory and tactics of the dictatorship of the proletariat in particular. Marx and Engels pursued their activities in the pre-revolutionary period, (we have the proletarian revolution in mind), when developed imperialism did not yet exist, in the period of the proletarians’ preparation for revolution, in the period when the proletarian revolution was not yet an immediate practical inevitability. But Lenin, the disciple of Marx and Engels, pursued his activities in the period of developed imperialism, in the period of the unfolding proletarian revolution, when the proletarian revolution had already triumphed in one country, had smashed bourgeois democracy and had ushered in the era of proletarian democracy, the era of the Soviets.}}</ref> | ||
== | == Historical Development == | ||
Despite the origins of Leninism being rooted in the Russian Empire, the tactics and theories developed by Lenin were meant not only for Russia, but for the borders beyond. Stalin traced the material conditions of Leninism to explain why Russia was the birthplace of Leninism<ref>{{Citation|author=Joseph Stalin|year=1923|title=Foundations of Leninism|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm|chapter=The Historical Roots of Leninism|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/ch01.htm}}</ref>. | |||
# '''Exploitation''' - Tsarist Russia before the revolution was already perpetrated with all manners of barbaric and inhuman oppression, be it from the capitalists, colonials and militarists. The omnipotence of capital and the despotism of Tsarism led to aggressive Russian nationalism in regards to the exploitation of non-Russian peoples and lands such as Turkey, Persian and China. Stalin equated this to be the total concentration of the worst of imperialism. | |||
# '''Western Imperialism''' - The interests of Tsarism and imperialism are interwoven for Tsarist Russia was a base for outside powers and was a major reserve for Western imperialism. It gave them entry to foreign capital which led to the control of the national economy such as the fuel and metallurgical industries over to them. Russia at the time was both a watchdog for imperialism in the east as well as an agent of imperialism by squeezing out of the population hundreds of millions by way of interest on loans obtained in Paris and London, Berlin and Brussels. Not only that, Russia was a willing participant of the Entente in the [[First World War]] which saw the deaths of approximately 14,000,000 Russians at the frontline safeguarding the profits of British and French capitalists. | |||
# '''Contradiction''' - Stalin states that the contradictions of imperialism were revealed the most plainly in Russia, not only in its repulsive and intolerable characteristics or that Western Imperialism was present in Russia, but that only Russia possessed a real force which was capable of resolving the contradictions in the most revolutionary way, the proletariat with the revolutionary peasantry as its ally. | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
Revision as of 08:23, 30 October 2023
Leninism is the term used to describe the theoretical and practical methods advanced by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks in the subject of organization, agitation and propaganda, revolution and maintenance of the dictatorship of the proletariat. It was advocated as a current of political thought in 1924 by Joseph Stalin in his work The foundations of Leninism.[1] It was later taught as a coherent unity with Marxism under the term Marxism-Leninism.
Definition
Stalin, being one of Lenin's staunchest defenders and advocates, has defined Leninism to be an advancement of Marxism from that of under Marx and Engels into the era of imperialism in the 20th century. It is the theory and tactics of the proletarian revolution in general, and the theory and tactics of the proletarian. What places Leninism as an advancement is that Marxism in the 19th century was pursued in the pre-revolutionary period when imperialism was not yet fully developed. Leninism was pursued in the 20th century when imperialism was already developed.[2]
Historical Development
Despite the origins of Leninism being rooted in the Russian Empire, the tactics and theories developed by Lenin were meant not only for Russia, but for the borders beyond. Stalin traced the material conditions of Leninism to explain why Russia was the birthplace of Leninism[3].
- Exploitation - Tsarist Russia before the revolution was already perpetrated with all manners of barbaric and inhuman oppression, be it from the capitalists, colonials and militarists. The omnipotence of capital and the despotism of Tsarism led to aggressive Russian nationalism in regards to the exploitation of non-Russian peoples and lands such as Turkey, Persian and China. Stalin equated this to be the total concentration of the worst of imperialism.
- Western Imperialism - The interests of Tsarism and imperialism are interwoven for Tsarist Russia was a base for outside powers and was a major reserve for Western imperialism. It gave them entry to foreign capital which led to the control of the national economy such as the fuel and metallurgical industries over to them. Russia at the time was both a watchdog for imperialism in the east as well as an agent of imperialism by squeezing out of the population hundreds of millions by way of interest on loans obtained in Paris and London, Berlin and Brussels. Not only that, Russia was a willing participant of the Entente in the First World War which saw the deaths of approximately 14,000,000 Russians at the frontline safeguarding the profits of British and French capitalists.
- Contradiction - Stalin states that the contradictions of imperialism were revealed the most plainly in Russia, not only in its repulsive and intolerable characteristics or that Western Imperialism was present in Russia, but that only Russia possessed a real force which was capable of resolving the contradictions in the most revolutionary way, the proletariat with the revolutionary peasantry as its ally.
See Also
References
- ↑ Joseph Stalin (1924). Foundations of Leninism. [MIA]
- ↑ “Leninism is Marxism of the era of imperialism and the proletarian revolution. To be more exact, Leninism is the theory and tactics of the proletarian revolution in general, the theory and tactics of the dictatorship of the proletariat in particular. Marx and Engels pursued their activities in the pre-revolutionary period, (we have the proletarian revolution in mind), when developed imperialism did not yet exist, in the period of the proletarians’ preparation for revolution, in the period when the proletarian revolution was not yet an immediate practical inevitability. But Lenin, the disciple of Marx and Engels, pursued his activities in the period of developed imperialism, in the period of the unfolding proletarian revolution, when the proletarian revolution had already triumphed in one country, had smashed bourgeois democracy and had ushered in the era of proletarian democracy, the era of the Soviets.”
Joseph Stalin (1924). The Foundations of Leninism: 'Introduction'. - ↑ Joseph Stalin (1923). Foundations of Leninism: 'The Historical Roots of Leninism'.