Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|name=Romanian People's Republic<br />{{small|(1947–1965)}}<br />{{small|Republica Populară Romînă|paren=omit}}<hr>Socialist Republic of Romania<br />{{small|(1965–1989)}}<br />{{small|Republica Socialistă România|paren=omit}}|image_flag=Flag of Romania (1965–1989).png|life_span=1947-1989|motto=Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă!|englishmotto=Workers of the World, Unite!|national_anthem=Zdrobite Cătușe (1948 - 1953)<br />Te slăvim, Românie (1953 - 1977)<br />Trei Culori (1977 - 1989)|capital=[[Bucharest]]|official_languages=Romanian|mode_of_production=Socialism|government_type=Unitary [[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] socialist republic|title_leader=General Secretary|year_leader1=1944-1954|leader1=[[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]|year_leader2=1954-1955|leader2=[[Gheorghe Apostol]]|year_leader3=1955-1965|leader3=Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej|year_leader4=1965-1989|leader4=[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|title_representative=President|year_representative1=1947-1952 (first)|representative1=[[Constantin Ion Parhon]]|year_representative2=1967-1989 (last)|representative2=Nicolae Ceaușescu|title_deputy=Prime Minister|year_deputy1=1947-1952 (first)|deputy1=[[Petru Groza]]|year_deputy2=1982-1989 (last)|deputy2=[[Constantin Dăscălescu]]|legislature=[[Great National Assembly]]|established_event1=Proclamation of the Republic|era=[[Cold War]]|established_date1=December 30, 1947|established_event2=First Constitution|established_date2=April 13, 1948|established_event3=Second Constitution|established_date3=September 24, 1952|established_event4=Third Constitution|established_date4=August 21, 1965|established_event5=''De facto'' disestablished|established_date5=December 27, 1989|established_event6=''De jure'' disestablished|established_date6=December 8, 1991|area_km2=238,397|population_estimate=23,151,564|population_estimate_year=1989|population_density_km2=97.11 per|HDI_year=1989|HDI=0.863|currency=Romanian Leu|calling_code=40}} | {{Infobox country|name=Romanian People's Republic<br />{{small|(1947–1965)}}<br />{{small|Republica Populară Romînă|paren=omit}}<hr>Socialist Republic of Romania<br />{{small|(1965–1989)}}<br />{{small|Republica Socialistă România|paren=omit}}|image_flag=Flag of Romania (1965–1989).png|life_span=1947-1989|motto=Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă!|englishmotto=Workers of the World, Unite!|national_anthem=Zdrobite Cătușe (1948 - 1953)<br />Te slăvim, Românie (1953 - 1977)<br />Trei Culori (1977 - 1989)|capital=[[Bucharest]]|official_languages=Romanian|mode_of_production=Socialism|government_type=Unitary [[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] socialist republic|title_leader=General Secretary|year_leader1=1944-1954|leader1=[[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]|year_leader2=1954-1955|leader2=[[Gheorghe Apostol]]|year_leader3=1955-1965|leader3=Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej|year_leader4=1965-1989|leader4=[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|title_representative=President|year_representative1=1947-1952 (first)|representative1=[[Constantin Ion Parhon]]|year_representative2=1967-1989 (last)|representative2=Nicolae Ceaușescu|title_deputy=Prime Minister|year_deputy1=1947-1952 (first)|deputy1=[[Petru Groza]]|year_deputy2=1982-1989 (last)|deputy2=[[Constantin Dăscălescu]]|legislature=[[Great National Assembly]]|established_event1=Proclamation of the Republic|era=[[Cold War]]|established_date1=December 30, 1947|established_event2=First Constitution|established_date2=April 13, 1948|established_event3=Second Constitution|established_date3=September 24, 1952|established_event4=Third Constitution|established_date4=August 21, 1965|established_event5=''De facto'' disestablished|established_date5=December 27, 1989|established_event6=''De jure'' disestablished|established_date6=December 8, 1991|area_km2=238,397|population_estimate=23,151,564|population_estimate_year=1989|population_density_km2=97.11 per|HDI_year=1989|HDI=0.863|currency=Romanian Leu|calling_code=40}} | ||
The '''Socialist Republic of Romania''' (Romanian: Republica Socialistă România, '''RSR''') was a [[socialist state]] that existed from 1947 to 1989. Prior to 1965, the nation's official name was the '''Romanian People's Republic''' (''Republica Populară Romînă'' (until 1964) or ''Republica Populară Română'' (to 1965), '''RPR'''). The [[Marxist-Leninist]] regime ruled until 1989, when the Romanian leader, [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], was | The '''Socialist Republic of Romania''' (Romanian: Republica Socialistă România, '''RSR''') was a [[socialist state]] that existed from 1947 to 1989. Prior to 1965, the nation's official name was the '''Romanian People's Republic''' (''Republica Populară Romînă'' (until 1964) or ''Republica Populară Română'' (to 1965), '''RPR'''). The [[Marxist-Leninist]] regime ruled until 1989, when the Romanian leader, [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], was overthrown and the government replaced with one aligned with [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|Western capitalist]] interests. | ||
== Counterrevolution == | |||
In December 1989, protestors attacked police and began a brief civil war that overthrew the socialist government of Romania. Hundreds of police and soldiers were killed as well as 142 protestors. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-backed [[Bourgeois media|Western media]] claimed that Romania had killed over 60,000 peaceful protestors.<ref>{{Citation|author=Austin Murphy|year=2000|title=The Triumph of Evil|chapter=The Documented Facts about Eastern Europe and Communism: A Refutation of Popular Myths about the True Good Guys|page=74|pdf=https://mltheory.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/austin-murphy-the-triumph-of-evil.pdf|city=Fucecchio, [[Italy]]|publisher=European Press Academic Publishing|isbn=8883980026}}</ref> | |||
== References == | |||
[[Category:Socialist states]] | [[Category:Socialist states]] | ||
[[Category:Stubs]] | [[Category:Stubs]] | ||
Revision as of 19:04, 1 August 2022
| Romanian People's Republic (1947–1965) Republica Populară Romînă Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989) Republica Socialistă România | |
|---|---|
| 1947-1989 | |
.png) Flag | |
Motto: Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă! Workers of the World, Unite! | |
Anthem: Zdrobite Cătușe (1948 - 1953) Te slăvim, Românie (1953 - 1977) Trei Culori (1977 - 1989) | |
| Capital | Bucharest |
| Official languages | Romanian |
| Dominant mode of production | Socialism |
| Government | Unitary Marxist-Leninist socialist republic |
| General Secretary | |
• 1944-1954 | Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej |
• 1954-1955 | Gheorghe Apostol |
• 1955-1965 | Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej |
• 1965-1989 | Nicolae Ceaușescu |
| President | |
• 1947-1952 (first) | Constantin Ion Parhon |
• 1967-1989 (last) | Nicolae Ceaușescu |
| Prime Minister | |
• 1947-1952 (first) | Petru Groza |
• 1982-1989 (last) | Constantin Dăscălescu |
| Legislature | Great National Assembly |
| History | |
• Proclamation of the Republic | December 30, 1947 |
• First Constitution | April 13, 1948 |
• Second Constitution | September 24, 1952 |
• Third Constitution | August 21, 1965 |
• De facto disestablished | December 27, 1989 |
• De jure disestablished | December 8, 1991 |
| Area | |
• Total | 238,397 km² |
| Population | |
• 1989 estimate | 23,151,564 |
• Density | 97.11 per km² |
| HDI (1989) | 0.863 |
| Currency | Romanian Leu |
| Calling code | 40 |
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Romanian: Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a socialist state that existed from 1947 to 1989. Prior to 1965, the nation's official name was the Romanian People's Republic (Republica Populară Romînă (until 1964) or Republica Populară Română (to 1965), RPR). The Marxist-Leninist regime ruled until 1989, when the Romanian leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, was overthrown and the government replaced with one aligned with Western capitalist interests.
Counterrevolution
In December 1989, protestors attacked police and began a brief civil war that overthrew the socialist government of Romania. Hundreds of police and soldiers were killed as well as 142 protestors. The CIA-backed Western media claimed that Romania had killed over 60,000 peaceful protestors.[1]
References
- ↑ Austin Murphy (2000). The Triumph of Evil: 'The Documented Facts about Eastern Europe and Communism: A Refutation of Popular Myths about the True Good Guys' (p. 74). [PDF] Fucecchio, Italy: European Press Academic Publishing. ISBN 8883980026