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Chicago (Miami: Šikaakonki; Potawatomi: Zhegagoynak) is a city in the United States of America, located in the state of Illinois.
The Chicago area is located on ancestral lands of indigenous tribes such as the Council of the Three Fires--comprised of the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi Nations--as well as the Miami, Ho-Chunk, Menominee, Sac, Fox, Kickapoo, and Illinois Nations. These tribes had thriving trade networks in the Great Lakes area prior to the settler-colonial takeover of the area, which included land cessations and forced relocations under the 1830 Indian Removal Act.[1]
Notable Black Panther Party state chairman and Rainbow Coalition founder Fred Hampton was from Chicago.
History
The American Indian Center of Chicago (AIC) was established in 1953, becoming the first urban Indian Center in the country.[2][1]
The Chicago chapter of the Black Panther Party (BPP) emerged on the city's West Side in the autumn of 1968. By the middle of 1969, the Chicago Panthers formed a partnership with Latino and white Chicagoans called the Rainbow Coalition. On December 4, 1969, BPP Illinois chapter deputy chairman Fred Hampton and Panther Mark Clark were assassinated by the police during a raid.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 AHAYES. “Indigenous Tribes of Chicago.” American Library Association. December 2, 2019. Archived 2022-11-25.
- ↑ “American Indian Center Chicago.” Aicchicago.org. Archived 2022-11-13.
- ↑ “Black Panther Party.” Chicagohistory.org. Archived 2022-10-16.