(Created) Tag: Visual edit |
(1927–1932) Tag: Visual edit |
||
| (9 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
In | |||
=== Formation === | |||
A joint meeting of [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]]'s revolutionary group and [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]]'s Consul Group unified on 1920 June 25 to form the MPP. The initial party oath required each member to recruit at least 10 other members.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:279–80</sup> | |||
Three days after the party was founded, Choibalsan and [[Soliin Danzan]] left to visit [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]]. A second group of Sükhbaatar, [[Dansrabilegiin Dogsom|Dogsom]], [[Darijavyn Losol|Losol]], [[Dogsomyn Bodoo|Bodoo]] and [[Dambyn Chagdarjav|Chagdarjav]] left soon after and met up with the first group on July 22 in Verkhneudinsk (now Ulaan-Üde) before going to Irkutsk. The party created a statement saying they would restore Mongolia's autonomy and abolish the rights of the [[Feudalism|feudal]] princes within two years while keeping the Bogd Khan as the nominal head of state. Some party members did not want to ally with the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Bolsheviks]], including Bodoo, who represented the feudal officials, and Danzan, who represented the small [[bourgeoisie]]. In August, Danzan, Losol, and Chagdarjav went to [[Moscow]] while Bodoo and Dogsom returned to Örgöö and Sükhbaatar and Choibalsan stayed in Irkutsk.<ref name=":03">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n116/mode/1up|chapter=The Mongolian People's Revolution and the Proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic|page=}}</ref><sup>:280–2</sup> | |||
The group that arrived in Moscow met [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]], who said that Mongolia had to seek independence and ally with the [[Proletariat|workers]] and [[Peasantry|peasants]] of Russia. He criticized Danzan's [[Nationalism|nationalist]] views. In Mongolia, Bodoo began collaborating with [[Roman Ungern-Sternberg|Ungern]]'s feudal dictatorship.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:285–6</sup> | |||
=== First Congress === | |||
Choibalsan prepared for the Congress in Örgöö after returning from northern Mongolia. On 1921 March 1, the MPRP held the congress in Hiagt with 26 delegates, mostly from the peasantry. Most of the delegates wanted to ally with [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] and remain independent from the nobility, but a few sided with the nobility and believed Ungern had already restored Mongolia's autonomy from China. The party adopted a program calling for the formation of peasant assemblies (''[[Soviet (governmental body)|hural]]'') and the overthrow of the Russian [[White Army|Whites]] and the Chinese warlords. The Congress also combined all the partisan groups into the [[Mongolian People's Army|People's Revolutionary Army]], with Sükhbaatar as its commander-in-chief and Choibalsan as commissar. It also elected Danzan, Losol, and [[Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj|Dambadorj]] to the Central Committee.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:289–92</sup> | |||
=== People's Revolution === | |||
{{Main article|Mongolian People's Revolution}} | |||
On March 13, the Party held a meeting of workers and partisans and elected the Provisional People's Government, with Chagdarjav as president. The government also included Sükhbaatar (Minister of War), Choibalsan (Deputy Commander of Political Affairs), [[Bilegsaikhan]], Bodoo, [[Sumya]], and others.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:292–3</sup> | |||
In November 1921, Lenin discouraged the newly founded MPP from changing its name to a communist party until the Mongolian [[proletariat]] embraced communism.<ref name=":02" /> | |||
=== Second Congress === | |||
On 1923 July 18, the party began its Second Congress and amended the program to make it more specific. It called for weakening the [[nobility]] and foreign [[capital]], democratizing the courts, and strengthening [[Worker cooperative|cooperatives]].<ref name=":03" /><sup>:315</sup> | |||
=== Third Congress === | |||
On 1924 August 4, the party held its Third Congress and rejected Danzan's bourgeois faction.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:315</sup> | |||
In 1924, the MPRP joined the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2017|title=Red Star over the Third World|chapter=Enemy of Imperialism|page=80|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=New Delhi|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref> | |||
=== Anti-rightist struggle === | |||
The Party rejected the rightist line at its Sixth Congress in 1927 September and October and purged the rightists Dambadorj, [[Navaandorjiin Jadambaa|Jadambaa]], and [[Jamsaranai Sebeen|Sebeen]], from its Central Committee at its Seventh Congress in late 1928. Dambadorj and Jadambaa had promoted [[Pan-Mongolism|pan-Mongol]] bourgeois nationalism while Sebeen had promoted [[Lamaism]] and opposed separation of church and state.<ref name=":032">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n160/mode/1up|chapter=The Mongolian People in the Fight for Development on Non-Capitalist Lines|page=}}</ref><sup>:325–7</sup> | |||
=== Anti-leftist struggle === | |||
The Eighth Party Congress in 1930 adopted a plan for full [[collectivization]] of agriculture. They rapidly formed communes that were poorly organized and lacked labor discipline, leading the country to lose 32% of its 23.5 million livestock by 1932. Extreme anti-religious policies that targeted low-ranking [[clergy]] in addition to the nobility, leading to a Lamaist rebellion in western Mongolia that was defeated in 1932. The Central Committee held a meeting in 1932 and purged [[Zolbingiin Shijee|Shijee]], [[Ölziitiin Badrakh|Badrakh]], and other [[Ultra-leftism|ultra-leftists]]. This plenary meeting adopted the New Course, which called for very gradual collectivization and separating low-ranking lamas from the feudal clergy.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:330–3</sup> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Social democratic parties]] | [[Category:Social democratic parties]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:13, 10 June 2024
Mongolian People's Party Монгол Ардын Нам | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Founded | 25 June 1920 |
| Political orientation | Social democracy Formerly: Marxism–Leninism |
The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) is a social-democratic party in Mongolia. Until 1990, it was a communist party known as the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP).
History
Formation
A joint meeting of Damdin Sükhbaatar's revolutionary group and Khorloogiin Choibalsan's Consul Group unified on 1920 June 25 to form the MPP. The initial party oath required each member to recruit at least 10 other members.[1]:279–80
Three days after the party was founded, Choibalsan and Soliin Danzan left to visit Russia. A second group of Sükhbaatar, Dogsom, Losol, Bodoo and Chagdarjav left soon after and met up with the first group on July 22 in Verkhneudinsk (now Ulaan-Üde) before going to Irkutsk. The party created a statement saying they would restore Mongolia's autonomy and abolish the rights of the feudal princes within two years while keeping the Bogd Khan as the nominal head of state. Some party members did not want to ally with the Bolsheviks, including Bodoo, who represented the feudal officials, and Danzan, who represented the small bourgeoisie. In August, Danzan, Losol, and Chagdarjav went to Moscow while Bodoo and Dogsom returned to Örgöö and Sükhbaatar and Choibalsan stayed in Irkutsk.[1]:280–2
The group that arrived in Moscow met Lenin, who said that Mongolia had to seek independence and ally with the workers and peasants of Russia. He criticized Danzan's nationalist views. In Mongolia, Bodoo began collaborating with Ungern's feudal dictatorship.[1]:285–6
First Congress
Choibalsan prepared for the Congress in Örgöö after returning from northern Mongolia. On 1921 March 1, the MPRP held the congress in Hiagt with 26 delegates, mostly from the peasantry. Most of the delegates wanted to ally with Russia and remain independent from the nobility, but a few sided with the nobility and believed Ungern had already restored Mongolia's autonomy from China. The party adopted a program calling for the formation of peasant assemblies (hural) and the overthrow of the Russian Whites and the Chinese warlords. The Congress also combined all the partisan groups into the People's Revolutionary Army, with Sükhbaatar as its commander-in-chief and Choibalsan as commissar. It also elected Danzan, Losol, and Dambadorj to the Central Committee.[1]:289–92
People's Revolution
See main article: Mongolian People's Revolution
On March 13, the Party held a meeting of workers and partisans and elected the Provisional People's Government, with Chagdarjav as president. The government also included Sükhbaatar (Minister of War), Choibalsan (Deputy Commander of Political Affairs), Bilegsaikhan, Bodoo, Sumya, and others.[1]:292–3
In November 1921, Lenin discouraged the newly founded MPP from changing its name to a communist party until the Mongolian proletariat embraced communism.[2]
Second Congress
On 1923 July 18, the party began its Second Congress and amended the program to make it more specific. It called for weakening the nobility and foreign capital, democratizing the courts, and strengthening cooperatives.[1]:315
Third Congress
On 1924 August 4, the party held its Third Congress and rejected Danzan's bourgeois faction.[1]:315
In 1924, the MPRP joined the Comintern.[2]
Anti-rightist struggle
The Party rejected the rightist line at its Sixth Congress in 1927 September and October and purged the rightists Dambadorj, Jadambaa, and Sebeen, from its Central Committee at its Seventh Congress in late 1928. Dambadorj and Jadambaa had promoted pan-Mongol bourgeois nationalism while Sebeen had promoted Lamaism and opposed separation of church and state.[3]:325–7
Anti-leftist struggle
The Eighth Party Congress in 1930 adopted a plan for full collectivization of agriculture. They rapidly formed communes that were poorly organized and lacked labor discipline, leading the country to lose 32% of its 23.5 million livestock by 1932. Extreme anti-religious policies that targeted low-ranking clergy in addition to the nobility, leading to a Lamaist rebellion in western Mongolia that was defeated in 1932. The Central Committee held a meeting in 1932 and purged Shijee, Badrakh, and other ultra-leftists. This plenary meeting adopted the New Course, which called for very gradual collectivization and separating low-ranking lamas from the feudal clergy.[3]:330–3
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 A. A. Guber, et al. (1973). History of the Mongolian People's Republic: 'The Mongolian People's Revolution and the Proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic'.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vijay Prashad (2017). Red Star over the Third World: 'Enemy of Imperialism' (p. 80). [PDF] New Delhi: LeftWord Books.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 A. A. Guber, et al. (1973). History of the Mongolian People's Republic: 'The Mongolian People in the Fight for Development on Non-Capitalist Lines'.