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|largest_city=Paris | |largest_city=Paris | ||
|leader_title1=President | |leader_title1=President | ||
|leader_name1=Emmanuel Macron | |leader_name1=[[Emmanuel Macron]] | ||
|established_date1=1958 October 4th | |established_date1=1958 October 4th | ||
|leader_title2=Prime Minister | |leader_title2=Prime Minister | ||
|leader_name2=Jean Castex | |leader_name2=Jean Castex | ||
|mode_of_production=Capitalism|image_flag=File:Flag of France.svg}} | |image_map=France map.svg|map_width=260|mode_of_production=Capitalism|image_flag=File:Flag of France.svg}} | ||
The '''French Republic''', also known as '''France''', is a country in Western Europe | The '''French Republic''', also known as '''France''', is a country in Western Europe. Once a [[Colonialism|colonial]] power, France occupied many territories around the world. The following is an incomplete list of modern day countries that France once colonized: [[Canada]] (Quebec), [[USA]], [[Republic of Haiti|Haiti]], [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria|Algeria]], [[Kingdom of Morocco|Morocco]], [[Republic of Tunisia|Tunisia]], [[Republic of Mali|Mali]], [[Islamic Republic of Mauritania|Mauritania]], [[Republic of Senegal|Senegal]], [[Republic of the Niger|Niger]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Republic of Chad|Chad]], [[Togolese Republic|Togo]], [[Republic of Benin|Benin]], [[Republic of Cameroon|Cameroon]], [[Republic of the Congo|Republic of Congo]], [[Central African Republic|CAR]], [[Republic of Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Republic of Chad|Chad]], [[Republic of Madagascar|Madagascar]], [[Comoros]], [[Guinea]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Republic of Djibouti|Djibouti]], [[Republic of India|India]] (Pondicherry), [[Kingdom of Cambodia|Cambodia]], [[Lao People's Democratic Republic|Laos]], [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam|Vietnam]], and [[People's Republic of China|China]]. France still indirectly controls many of its former colonies through [[neocolonialism]]. | ||
France has the following communist parties: [[Pole of Communist Revival in France]], [[Communist Revolutionary Party of France]], [[French Communist Party]], and the [[Workers' Communist Party of France]]. | France has the following communist parties: [[Pole of Communist Revival in France]], [[Communist Revolutionary Party of France]], [[French Communist Party]], and the [[Workers' Communist Party of France]]. | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
=== First republic and empire ( | === Pre-revolutionary France (987–1792) === | ||
=== First republic and empire (1792–1815) === | |||
=== Kingdom of France (1815–1848) === | === Kingdom of France (1815–1848) === | ||
| Line 25: | Line 27: | ||
On 26 July 1830, the July Revolution took place, overthrowing Charles X, and replacing him with by Louis Philippe. Proclaiming himself as ''Roi des Français'' ("King of the French") rather than "King of France," the king promised to follow the ''juste milieu'', or the middle-of-the-road. The July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy bourgeoisie and numerous former Napoleonic officials. Failed rebellions occurred in 1832 and 1839.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Christian Lourdin|newspaper=[[Red Patriot]]|title=La Commune de Paris|date=2021-04-12|url=https://redpat.org/2021/04/la-commune-de-paris/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021170114/https://redpat.org/2021/04/la-commune-de-paris/|archive-date=2021-10-21|retrieved=2022-08-27}}</ref> | On 26 July 1830, the July Revolution took place, overthrowing Charles X, and replacing him with by Louis Philippe. Proclaiming himself as ''Roi des Français'' ("King of the French") rather than "King of France," the king promised to follow the ''juste milieu'', or the middle-of-the-road. The July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy bourgeoisie and numerous former Napoleonic officials. Failed rebellions occurred in 1832 and 1839.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Christian Lourdin|newspaper=[[Red Patriot]]|title=La Commune de Paris|date=2021-04-12|url=https://redpat.org/2021/04/la-commune-de-paris/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021170114/https://redpat.org/2021/04/la-commune-de-paris/|archive-date=2021-10-21|retrieved=2022-08-27}}</ref> | ||
=== Second republic and empire ( | === Second republic and empire (1848–1870) === | ||
In February 1848, the monarchy was overthrown and the [[French Republic (1848–1852)|French Second Republic]] was established. In July 1848, the French [[proletariat]] rose up and was massacred by the army. [[Louis Bonaparte]] overthrew the republic in 1852. He declared war on [[Prussia]] in 1870 and was taken prisoner after being defeated.<ref name=":0" /> | In February 1848, the monarchy was overthrown and the [[French Republic (1848–1852)|French Second Republic]] was established. In July 1848, the French [[proletariat]] rose up and was massacred by the army. [[Louis Bonaparte]] overthrew the republic in 1852. He declared war on [[Prussia]] in 1870 and was taken prisoner after being defeated.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Third republic ( | === Third republic (1870–1940) === | ||
After Louis Bonaparte's defeat, the [[French Republic (1870–1940)|French Third Republic]] was founded and the [[bourgeoisie]] took power.<ref name=":0" /> | After Louis Bonaparte's defeat, the [[French Republic (1870–1940)|French Third Republic]] was founded and the [[bourgeoisie]] took power.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
The capital city of Paris was controlled by the [[Paris Commune]] from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the events of the [[Franco-Prussian War]], Paris had been defended by the National Guard. In March 1871, during the establishment of the Third Republic under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city and then refused to accept the authority of the French government, instead attempting to establish an independent government. The Commune governed Paris for two months. The Commune was eventually suppressed by the national French Army during ''[[The Bloody Week|La semaine sanglante]]'' ("The Bloody Week") beginning on 21 May 1871. Between 6,000 and 20,000 Communards were killed in battle or executed.Debates over the policies and outcome of the Commune had significant influence on the ideas of [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]], who described it as the first example of the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]. | The capital city of Paris was controlled by the [[Paris Commune]] from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the events of the [[Franco-Prussian War]], Paris had been defended by the National Guard. In March 1871, during the establishment of the Third Republic under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city and then refused to accept the authority of the French government, instead attempting to establish an independent government. The Commune governed Paris for two months. The Commune was eventually suppressed by the national French Army during ''[[The Bloody Week|La semaine sanglante]]'' ("The Bloody Week") beginning on 21 May 1871. Between 6,000 and 20,000 Communards were killed in battle or executed. Debates over the policies and outcome of the Commune had significant influence on the ideas of [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]], who described it as the first example of the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]. | ||
=== Vichy regime and Nazi occupation ( | === Vichy regime and Nazi occupation (1940–1944) === | ||
=== Fourth and fifth republics (1945- | === Fourth and fifth republics (1945–present) === | ||
After France's liberation from [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]], the French Communist Party formed strong [[Trade union|unions]] and ran for office in bourgeois elections. The [[United States of America|United States]] sent members of the [[American Federation of Labor|AFL]] to France to import [[Strike breaker|strike breakers]] from [[Italian Republic|Italy]] and paid Corsican gangs to break [[Strike action|strikes]] and murder party members. The USA forced France to dismiss Communist ministers in order to receive economic aid.<ref>{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2002|title=Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower|chapter=A Concise History of United States Global Interventions, | |||
1945 to the Present|page=109|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedas5bwprytpzcih6tof3ipede5uzmcvt47tfzwp4cptdau6vmjpy?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Rogue%20State_%20A%20Guide%20to%20the%20World%27s%20Only%20Superpower-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282002%29.pdf|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=9781842772201|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=29EED3C6906FF165E08303B9EAF66B4F}}</ref> | |||
== Neocolonialism == | == Neocolonialism == | ||
Revision as of 22:46, 5 November 2022
| French Republic République française | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Paris |
| Dominant mode of production | Capitalism |
| Government | Republic |
• President | Emmanuel Macron |
• Prime Minister | Jean Castex |
| History | |
• Fifth Republic | 1958 October 4th |
The French Republic, also known as France, is a country in Western Europe. Once a colonial power, France occupied many territories around the world. The following is an incomplete list of modern day countries that France once colonized: Canada (Quebec), USA, Haiti, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad, Togo, Benin, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, CAR, Rwanda, Chad, Madagascar, Comoros, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, India (Pondicherry), Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and China. France still indirectly controls many of its former colonies through neocolonialism.
France has the following communist parties: Pole of Communist Revival in France, Communist Revolutionary Party of France, French Communist Party, and the Workers' Communist Party of France.
History
Pre-revolutionary France (987–1792)
First republic and empire (1792–1815)
Kingdom of France (1815–1848)
After the end of the Hundred Days War in 8 July 1815, Napoleon was exiled and the Bourbon Monarchy was restored.
On 26 July 1830, the July Revolution took place, overthrowing Charles X, and replacing him with by Louis Philippe. Proclaiming himself as Roi des Français ("King of the French") rather than "King of France," the king promised to follow the juste milieu, or the middle-of-the-road. The July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy bourgeoisie and numerous former Napoleonic officials. Failed rebellions occurred in 1832 and 1839.[1]
Second republic and empire (1848–1870)
In February 1848, the monarchy was overthrown and the French Second Republic was established. In July 1848, the French proletariat rose up and was massacred by the army. Louis Bonaparte overthrew the republic in 1852. He declared war on Prussia in 1870 and was taken prisoner after being defeated.[1]
Third republic (1870–1940)
After Louis Bonaparte's defeat, the French Third Republic was founded and the bourgeoisie took power.[1]
The capital city of Paris was controlled by the Paris Commune from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the events of the Franco-Prussian War, Paris had been defended by the National Guard. In March 1871, during the establishment of the Third Republic under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city and then refused to accept the authority of the French government, instead attempting to establish an independent government. The Commune governed Paris for two months. The Commune was eventually suppressed by the national French Army during La semaine sanglante ("The Bloody Week") beginning on 21 May 1871. Between 6,000 and 20,000 Communards were killed in battle or executed. Debates over the policies and outcome of the Commune had significant influence on the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who described it as the first example of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Vichy regime and Nazi occupation (1940–1944)
Fourth and fifth republics (1945–present)
After France's liberation from Nazi Germany, the French Communist Party formed strong unions and ran for office in bourgeois elections. The United States sent members of the AFL to France to import strike breakers from Italy and paid Corsican gangs to break strikes and murder party members. The USA forced France to dismiss Communist ministers in order to receive economic aid.[2]
Neocolonialism
France controls the national reserves of 14 African countries, including several of its former colonies. These countries only have access to 15% of their money and have to borrow from France with interest if they need more. France does not let them borrow amounts of money greater than 20% of their national revenue in the previous year. These countries cannot make military alliances with any countries except France and must have French as their official language. France claims the right to deploy troops in its former colonial territory in Africa.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Christian Lourdin (2021-04-12). "La Commune de Paris" Red Patriot. Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
- ↑ William Blum (2002). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower: 'A Concise History of United States Global Interventions, 1945 to the Present' (p. 109). [PDF] Zed Books Ltd. ISBN 9781842772201 [LG]
- ↑ "France still robbing and stealing from its "former" African colonies" (2015-08-12). The Burning Spear. Archived from the original on 2020-11-08. Retrieved 2022-08-13.