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(The sentence feels inaccurate, in most cases neoliberalism and imperialism are on par with each other) |
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'''Neoliberalism''' | '''Neoliberalism''' is a term used to describe the [[state]] stepping in on the behalf of [[Capitalism|private interests]]. This includes deregulation, privatisation, the opening of markets both at home & abroad, austerity, the trampling of [[Labour movement|workers' movements]] and [[trade unions]], attacks on previous concessions to the working class (welfare and social programs), and the like. Anti-immigration policies are also not uncommon.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Jon Swaine|newspaper=The Telegraph|title=Margaret Thatcher complained about Asian immigration to Britain|date=2009-12-30|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525084645/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6906503/Margaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html|archive-url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6906503/Margaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html|archive-date=2010-05-25|retrieved=2011-01-20}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Stevis-Gridneff, Matina; Kerr, Sarah; Bracken, Kassie; Kirac, Nimet|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Greece Says It Doesn't Ditch Migrants at Sea. It Was Caught in the Act|date=2023-05-19|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/19/world/europe/greece-migrants-abandoned.html|retrieved=2023-05-19}}</ref> | ||
Neoliberalism | == History == | ||
Neoliberalism as a term entered into common use in the 1980s in connection with [[US]]-backed dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]]'s economic reforms in [[Republic of Chile|Chile]], following the [[CIA]] coup against the predecessor socialist government of [[Salvador Allende]]. | |||
Neoliberalism as described by it's characteristics first began to appear around the 1970s as a major economic crisis struck the [[Social democracy|social-democracies]] of post-war [[Europe]]. <ref>{{Citation|author=John O’Connor|title=Marxism and the Three Movements of Neoliberalism|title-url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0896920510371389|chapter=Post-War Capitalism and its Demise|quote=A major economic crisis struck the advanced capitalist world from 1974 to 1982 | |||
(Kolko 1988; Mandel 1980). Over two generalized recessions (1974–5 and 1980–82), the | |||
capitalist system suffered an accumulation crisis that was qualitatively and quantitatively | |||
different from a cyclical downturn. All at once, capitalist countries confronted sluggish | |||
economic growth, high unemployment, a collapse in investment, dwindling world trade, | |||
and skyrocketing inflation (Armstrong et al. 1991; Bowles et al. 1983).}}</ref> | |||
During her tenure as Conservative Prime Minister, [[Margaret Thatcher]] oversaw a number of neoliberal reforms, including tax reduction, exchange rate reform, deregulation, and privatization. Thatcher privatized the coal mining industry, resulting in the loss of 20,000 jobs, undercut trade unions with an array of laws that made it harder for workers to strike, restricted where they could picket, and limited the ability to strike in solidarity with others and started the earliest waves of outsourcing on the NHS.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Andrew Kersley|newspaper=Tribune Magazine|title=No, Thatcher Didn’t Save the Economy|date=2020-12-07|url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/12/no-thatcher-didnt-save-the-economy}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|author=Danny Shaw|newspaper=Liberation School|title=Margaret Thatcher: imperialism personified|date=2013-04-10|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/margaret-thatcher-imperialism-personified/}}</ref> | |||
== | == Fascist Characteristics == | ||
Neoliberalism, due to the fact that it completely serves class interests and due to its unjust character, is always imposed with a [[Fascism|fascist]]-like way, so as to prevent opposition. This means that the media, both state-controlled and private (the latter being owned and controlled by [[Bourgeoisie|those who are benefitted by these policies]]) are practicing more [[censorship]] to their content. Police brutality increases and the state practices more surveillance among their citizens, as well as repression of political opponents. Finally, these policies may be accompanied by anti-immigration policies<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> or cracking down on minorities<ref>See [[Palestinian genocide]].</ref>. | |||
Examples are [[Republic of Chile|Chile]] under [[Augusto Pinochet]] (a military dictatorship), the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] under [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[Hellenic Republic|Greece]] under [[Kyriakos Mitsotakis]],<ref>{{Citation|author=V-Dem Institue|year=2022|title=Democracy Report 2023|title-url=https://www.v-dem.net/documents/30/V-dem_democracyreport2023_highres.pdf|page=17}}</ref> or [[State of Israel|"Israel"]] under [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]. | |||
[[Adolf Hitler|Hitler's]] [[German Reich (1933–1945)#Economy|economic policies]] could also be described as an early form of neoliberalism. | |||
== Consequences == | |||
Neoliberalism has been linked to lower well-being, social disconnection, and loneliness.<ref>{{Citation|author=Julia C. Becker, Lea Hartwich, S. Alexander Haslam|year=2021|title=Neoliberalism can reduce well-being by promoting a sense of social disconnection, competition, and loneliness|title-url=https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjso.12438|publisher=The British Psychological Society}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Neoliberalism]] | [[Category:Neoliberalism]] | ||
[[Category:Economic concepts]] | [[Category:Economic concepts]] | ||
[[Category: | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Right-wing ideologies]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:02, 9 January 2024
Neoliberalism is a term used to describe the state stepping in on the behalf of private interests. This includes deregulation, privatisation, the opening of markets both at home & abroad, austerity, the trampling of workers' movements and trade unions, attacks on previous concessions to the working class (welfare and social programs), and the like. Anti-immigration policies are also not uncommon.[1][2]
History
Neoliberalism as a term entered into common use in the 1980s in connection with US-backed dictator Augusto Pinochet's economic reforms in Chile, following the CIA coup against the predecessor socialist government of Salvador Allende.
Neoliberalism as described by it's characteristics first began to appear around the 1970s as a major economic crisis struck the social-democracies of post-war Europe. [3]
During her tenure as Conservative Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher oversaw a number of neoliberal reforms, including tax reduction, exchange rate reform, deregulation, and privatization. Thatcher privatized the coal mining industry, resulting in the loss of 20,000 jobs, undercut trade unions with an array of laws that made it harder for workers to strike, restricted where they could picket, and limited the ability to strike in solidarity with others and started the earliest waves of outsourcing on the NHS.[4][5]
Fascist Characteristics
Neoliberalism, due to the fact that it completely serves class interests and due to its unjust character, is always imposed with a fascist-like way, so as to prevent opposition. This means that the media, both state-controlled and private (the latter being owned and controlled by those who are benefitted by these policies) are practicing more censorship to their content. Police brutality increases and the state practices more surveillance among their citizens, as well as repression of political opponents. Finally, these policies may be accompanied by anti-immigration policies[1][2] or cracking down on minorities[6].
Examples are Chile under Augusto Pinochet (a military dictatorship), the UK under Margaret Thatcher, Greece under Kyriakos Mitsotakis,[7] or "Israel" under Benjamin Netanyahu.
Hitler's economic policies could also be described as an early form of neoliberalism.
Consequences
Neoliberalism has been linked to lower well-being, social disconnection, and loneliness.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jon Swaine (2009-12-30). "Margaret Thatcher complained about Asian immigration to Britain" The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Stevis-Gridneff, Matina; Kerr, Sarah; Bracken, Kassie; Kirac, Nimet (2023-05-19). "Greece Says It Doesn't Ditch Migrants at Sea. It Was Caught in the Act" The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ “A major economic crisis struck the advanced capitalist world from 1974 to 1982
(Kolko 1988; Mandel 1980). Over two generalized recessions (1974–5 and 1980–82), the
capitalist system suffered an accumulation crisis that was qualitatively and quantitatively
different from a cyclical downturn. All at once, capitalist countries confronted sluggish
economic growth, high unemployment, a collapse in investment, dwindling world trade,
and skyrocketing inflation (Armstrong et al. 1991; Bowles et al. 1983).”
John O’Connor. Marxism and the Three Movements of Neoliberalism: 'Post-War Capitalism and its Demise'. - ↑ Andrew Kersley (2020-12-07). "No, Thatcher Didn’t Save the Economy" Tribune Magazine.
- ↑ Danny Shaw (2013-04-10). "Margaret Thatcher: imperialism personified" Liberation School.
- ↑ See Palestinian genocide.
- ↑ V-Dem Institue (2022). Democracy Report 2023 (p. 17).
- ↑ Julia C. Becker, Lea Hartwich, S. Alexander Haslam (2021). Neoliberalism can reduce well-being by promoting a sense of social disconnection, competition, and loneliness. The British Psychological Society.