COINTELPRO: Difference between revisions

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COINTELPRO (syllabic abbreviation derived from COunter INTELligence PROgram) (1956 - present) is a series of covert and illegal^[1]^[2] projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic American political organizations.^[3]^[4] FBI records show COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals the FBI deemed subversive,^[5] including feminist organizations,^[6] the Communist Party USA, anti–Vietnam War organizers, activists of the civil rights movement or Black Power movement (e.g. Martin Luther King Jr., the Nation of Islam, and the Black Panther Party), environmentalist and animal rights organizations, the American Indian Movement (AIM), independence movements (such as Puerto Rican independence groups like the Young Lords), and a variety of organizations that were part of the broader New Left, in combination with unrelated groups such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).^[7]

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-'''COINTELPRO''' (syllabic abbreviation derived from COunter INTELligence PROgram) (1956 - present) was a series of [[Covert operation|covert]] and illegal<ref name="church-final-report">{{Cite book|title=Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans – Church Committee final report|title-link=Church Committee|date=1976-04-26|publisher=United States Senate|series=II|page=10|chapter=I. Introduction and Summary|access-date=2014-07-15|chapter-url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/94755_III.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418092233/http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/pdfs94th/94755_II.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|access-date=14 February 2018|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309125741/https://archive.org/details/CointelproTheUntoldAmericanStory|title=COINTELPRO: The Untold American Story}}</ref> projects conducted by the [[United States of America|United States]] [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI).  Aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic American political organizations.<ref name="Citizens">{{Cite news|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/08/opinion/oe-jalon8|title=A break-in to end all break-ins|last=Jalon|first=Allan M.|date=8 March 2006|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2014-07-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203035850/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/08/opinion/oe-jalon8|archive-date=2013-12-03}}</ref><ref name="The-Dangers-of-Domestic-Spying-by-Federal-Law-Enforcement">{{Cite report|url=https://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/mlkreport.pdf|title=The Dangers of Domestic Spying by Federal Law Enforcement|date=2002|publisher=[[American Civil Liberties Union]]|access-date=2017-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205173958/https://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/mlkreport.pdf|archive-date=2018-02-05|url-status=live}}</ref> FBI records show COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals the FBI deemed subversive,<ref name="Jeffreys-Jones">{{Cite book|title=The FBI: A History|last=Jeffreys-Jones|first=Rhodri|date=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-14284-6|location=New Haven, CT|page=189|author-link=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones|orig-year=2007}}</ref> including [[feminist]] organizations,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freedomarchives.org/Documents/Curr%20C101/Cointelpro%20and%20Women's%20Liberation.pdf|title=The Women's Liberation Movement and COINTELPRO|website=www.freedomarchives.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724013050/http://www.freedomarchives.org/Documents/Curr%20C101/Cointelpro%20and%20Women's%20Liberation.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-24}}</ref> the [[Communist Party USA]], [[Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War|anti–Vietnam War]] organizers, activists of the [[civil rights movement]] or [[Black Power movement]] (e.g. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], the [[Nation of Islam]], and the [[Black Panther Party]]), [[environmentalist]] and [[animal rights]] organizations, the [[American Indian Movement|American Indian Movement (AIM)]], independence movements (such as [[Puerto Rican independence]] groups like the [[Young Lords]]), and a variety of organizations that were part of the broader [[New Left]], in combination with unrelated groups such as the [[Ku Klux Klan]] (KKK).<ref>{{Cite book|title=White Robes and Burning Crosses: A History of the Ku Klux Klan from 1866|last=Newton|first=Michael|publisher=McFarland|year=2014|isbn=978-0-7864-7774-6|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=146}}</ref>
+'''COINTELPRO''' (syllabic abbreviation derived from COunter INTELligence PROgram) (1956 - present) is a series of [[Covert operation|covert]] and illegal<ref name="church-final-report">{{Cite book|title=Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans – Church Committee final report|title-link=Church Committee|date=1976-04-26|publisher=United States Senate|series=II|page=10|chapter=I. Introduction and Summary|access-date=2014-07-15|chapter-url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/94755_III.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418092233/http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/pdfs94th/94755_II.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|access-date=14 February 2018|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309125741/https://archive.org/details/CointelproTheUntoldAmericanStory|title=COINTELPRO: The Untold American Story}}</ref> projects conducted by the [[United States of America|United States]] [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI).  Aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic American political organizations.<ref name="Citizens">{{Cite news|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/08/opinion/oe-jalon8|title=A break-in to end all break-ins|last=Jalon|first=Allan M.|date=8 March 2006|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2014-07-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203035850/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/08/opinion/oe-jalon8|archive-date=2013-12-03}}</ref><ref name="The-Dangers-of-Domestic-Spying-by-Federal-Law-Enforcement">{{Cite report|url=https://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/mlkreport.pdf|title=The Dangers of Domestic Spying by Federal Law Enforcement|date=2002|publisher=[[American Civil Liberties Union]]|access-date=2017-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205173958/https://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/mlkreport.pdf|archive-date=2018-02-05|url-status=live}}</ref> FBI records show COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals the FBI deemed subversive,<ref name="Jeffreys-Jones">{{Cite book|title=The FBI: A History|last=Jeffreys-Jones|first=Rhodri|date=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-14284-6|location=New Haven, CT|page=189|author-link=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones|orig-year=2007}}</ref> including [[feminist]] organizations,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freedomarchives.org/Documents/Curr%20C101/Cointelpro%20and%20Women's%20Liberation.pdf|title=The Women's Liberation Movement and COINTELPRO|website=www.freedomarchives.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724013050/http://www.freedomarchives.org/Documents/Curr%20C101/Cointelpro%20and%20Women's%20Liberation.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-24}}</ref> the [[Communist Party USA]], [[Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War|anti–Vietnam War]] organizers, activists of the [[civil rights movement]] or [[Black Power movement]] (e.g. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], the [[Nation of Islam]], and the [[Black Panther Party]]), [[environmentalist]] and [[animal rights]] organizations, the [[American Indian Movement|American Indian Movement (AIM)]], independence movements (such as [[Puerto Rican independence]] groups like the [[Young Lords]]), and a variety of organizations that were part of the broader [[New Left]], in combination with unrelated groups such as the [[Ku Klux Klan]] (KKK).<ref>{{Cite book|title=White Robes and Burning Crosses: A History of the Ku Klux Klan from 1866|last=Newton|first=Michael|publisher=McFarland|year=2014|isbn=978-0-7864-7774-6|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=146}}</ref>
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