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| French Republic République française | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Capital and largest city | Paris |
| Dominant mode of production | Capitalism |
| Government | Republic |
• President | Emmanuel Macron |
• Prime Minister | Jean Castex |
| History | |
• Fifth Republic | 1958 October 4th |
The French Republic, also known as France, is a country in Western Europe, the Caribbean, South America, and the Indian Ocean. Once a colonial power, France occupied many territories around the world. The following is an incomplete list of modern day countries that France once colonized: Canada (Quebec), USA, Haiti, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad, Togo, Benin, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, CAR, Rwanda, Chad, Madagascar, Comoros, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, India (Pondicherry), Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, China.
France has the following communist parties: Pole of Communist Revival in France, Communist Revolutionary Party of France, French Communist Party, and the Workers' Communist Party of France.
History
First republic and empire (1792-1815)
Kingdom of France (1815–1848)
After the end of the Hundred Days War in 8 July 1815, Napoleon was exiled and the Bourbon Monarchy was restored.
On 26 July 1830, the July Revolution took place, overthrowing Charles X, and replacing him with by Louis Philippe. Proclaiming himself as Roi des Français ("King of the French") rather than "King of France", the king promised to follow the juste milieu, or the middle-of-the-road. The July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy bourgeoisie and numerous former Napoleonic officials.
Second republic and empire (1848-1870)
Third republic (1870-1940)
The capital city of Paris was controlled by the Paris Commune from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the events of the Franco-Prussian War, Paris had been defended by the National Guard. In March 1871, during the establishment of the Third Republic under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city and then refused to accept the authority of the French government, instead attempting to establish an independent government. The Commune governed Paris for two months. The Commune was eventually suppressed by the national French Army during La semaine sanglante ("The Bloody Week") beginning on 21 May 1871. Between 6,000 and 20,000 Communards were killed in battle or executed.Debates over the policies and outcome of the Commune had significant influence on the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who described it as the first example of the dictatorship of the proletariat.