Mikhail Gorbachev: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox politician|name=Mikhail Gorbachyov|native_name=Михаил Горбачёв|nationality=Russian|political_line=[[Anti-communism]]<br>[[Social democracy]]|birth_date=2 March 1931|birth_place=Privolnoye, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|image=Mikhail Gorbachev.png|caption=Gorbachev in 1987|death_date=30 August 2022|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Federation]]}}
{{Infobox politician|name=Mikhail Gorbachyov|native_name=Михаил Горбачёв|nationality=Russian|political_line=[[Anti-communism]]<br>[[Social democracy]]|birth_date=2 March 1931|birth_place=Privolnoye, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|image=Mikhail Gorbachev.png|caption=Gorbachev in 1987|death_date=30 August 2022|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Federation]]}}


'''Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev''' (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who is known for organizing the [[overthrow of the Soviet Union]]. He supported the [[1989 Tian'anmen Square riots|1989 CIA-backed riots in Beijing]] and advocated for the overthrow of remaining [[Socialist state|socialist states]] in Asia and the rest of the world.<ref>{{Citation|author=Mikhail Gorbachev|year=2000|title=My Ambition was to Liquidate Communism|title-url=https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv6n1/gorbach.htm|publisher=[[Revolutionary Democracy]]}}</ref> Gorbachev lacked experience in the military, foreign affairs, industry, science, and [[Trade union|trade unions]] and did not understand [[Marxism]] or Soviet history.<ref name=":022">{{Citation|author=Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny|year=2010|title=Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union|chapter=Promise and Foreboding, 1985-86|page=95–101|pdf=https://ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaceaj5ucph44bjwyhlhsbycckr3ts76zbucn2hbrea32tltcd4s5ekg?filename=Roger%20Keeran_%20Thomas%20Kenny%20-%20Socialism%20Betrayed_%20Behind%20the%20Collapse%20of%20the%20Soviet%20Union-iUniverse.com%20%282010%29.pdf|publisher=iUniverse.com|isbn=9781450241717}}</ref>
'''Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev''' (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who is known for organizing the [[overthrow of the Soviet Union]]. He supported the [[1989 Tian'anmen Square riots|1989 CIA-backed riots in Beijing]] and advocated for the overthrow of remaining [[Socialist state|socialist states]] in Asia and the rest of the world.<ref>{{Citation|author=Mikhail Gorbachev|year=2000|title=My Ambition was to Liquidate Communism|title-url=https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv6n1/gorbach.htm|publisher=[[Revolutionary Democracy]]}}</ref> Gorbachev lacked experience in the military, foreign affairs, industry, science, and [[Trade union|trade unions]] and did not understand [[Marxism]] or Soviet history.<ref name=":022">{{Citation|author=Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny|year=2010|title=Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union|chapter=Promise and Foreboding, 1985-86|page=95–101, 120–128|pdf=https://ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaceaj5ucph44bjwyhlhsbycckr3ts76zbucn2hbrea32tltcd4s5ekg?filename=Roger%20Keeran_%20Thomas%20Kenny%20-%20Socialism%20Betrayed_%20Behind%20the%20Collapse%20of%20the%20Soviet%20Union-iUniverse.com%20%282010%29.pdf|publisher=iUniverse.com|isbn=9781450241717}}</ref>


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Line 9: Line 9:
In 1970, Gorbachev became First Secretary of Stavropol Krai and was elected to the [[Supreme Soviet]]. He became a member of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] in 1971 and became its head of agriculture in 1978. In 1979, he became a member of the Politburo.<ref name=":022" />
In 1970, Gorbachev became First Secretary of Stavropol Krai and was elected to the [[Supreme Soviet]]. He became a member of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] in 1971 and became its head of agriculture in 1978. In 1979, he became a member of the Politburo.<ref name=":022" />


=== General Secretary ===
== General Secretary ==
Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985 and initially followed [[Yuri Andropov|Andropov]]'s line, continuing the anti-alcohol campaign and encouraging new cadre. He increased support for [[Republic of Nicaragua|Nicaragua]] and [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992)|Afghanistan]] while trying to improve relations with the [[Imperial core|West]]. Within a year, he replaced half of all Politburo members and the leaders of five republics and promoted his supporters to Foreign Minister and Premier.<ref name=":022" />
Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985 and initially followed [[Yuri Andropov|Andropov]]'s line, continuing the anti-alcohol campaign and encouraging new cadre. He increased support for [[Republic of Nicaragua|Nicaragua]] and [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992)|Afghanistan]] while trying to improve relations with the [[Imperial core|West]]. Within a year, he replaced half of all Politburo members and the leaders of five republics and promoted his supporters to Foreign Minister and Premier. Beginning in the fall of 1985, he reduced assistance to Afghanistan.<ref name=":022" />


By the 27th congress of the CPSU in 1986, [[Counterrevolution|counterrevolutionaries]] controlled much of the party leadership. Gorbachev worked with other traitors including [[Alexander Yakovlev]], [[Eduard Shevardnadze]], and [[Boris Yeltsin]] to overthrow [[socialism]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Nikos Mottas|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]|title=Mikhail Gorbachev, a modern Judas|date=2022-09-01|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2022/09/mikhail-gorbachev-modern-judas.html|retrieved=2022-09-04}}</ref> In 1996, Gorbachev ran for president of Russia but received less than 1% of the vote.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Gorbachev: Darling of the West, despised at home & worldwide|date=2022-08-31|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/gorbachev-darling-of-the-west-despised-at-home-worldwide/|retrieved=2022-09-01}}</ref>
By the 27th congress of the CPSU in 1986, [[Counterrevolution|counterrevolutionaries]] controlled much of the party leadership. Gorbachev worked with other traitors including [[Alexander Yakovlev]], [[Eduard Shevardnadze]], and [[Boris Yeltsin]] to overthrow [[socialism]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Nikos Mottas|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]|title=Mikhail Gorbachev, a modern Judas|date=2022-09-01|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2022/09/mikhail-gorbachev-modern-judas.html|retrieved=2022-09-04}}</ref> He ended Soviet nuclear tests and reduced strategic arms by 50% while receiving no concessions from the [[United States of America|United States]] and reduced government planning of enterprises.<ref name=":022" />
 
Gorbachev removed deputies from the [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] and [[Caucasus|Caucasian]] republics from the Politburo. In December 1986, he replaced [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)|Kazakh]] General Secretary [[Dinmukhamed Kunaev]] with [[Gennady Kolbin]], an ethnic [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russian]], which caused nationalist riots in Kazakhstan.<ref name=":022" />
 
== Later life ==
In 1996, Gorbachev ran for president of Russia but received less than 1% of the vote.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Gorbachev: Darling of the West, despised at home & worldwide|date=2022-08-31|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/gorbachev-darling-of-the-west-despised-at-home-worldwide/|retrieved=2022-09-01}}</ref>


== Political positions ==
== Political positions ==

Revision as of 00:36, 12 December 2022

Mikhail Gorbachyov

Михаил Горбачёв
Gorbachev in 1987
Born2 March 1931
Privolnoye, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died30 August 2022
Moscow, Russian Federation
NationalityRussian
Political orientationAnti-communism
Social democracy


Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who is known for organizing the overthrow of the Soviet Union. He supported the 1989 CIA-backed riots in Beijing and advocated for the overthrow of remaining socialist states in Asia and the rest of the world.[1] Gorbachev lacked experience in the military, foreign affairs, industry, science, and trade unions and did not understand Marxism or Soviet history.[2]

Early life

Gorbachev was born in the farming village of Privolnoye, south of Stavropol. German invaders killed seven of his relatives during the Great Patriotic War. He moved to Moscow in 1950 to study at Lomonosov State University and joined the CPSU in college. He returned to Stavropol after graduating and supported Alexander Dubček's revisionist policies in Czechoslovakia.[2]

Political career

In 1970, Gorbachev became First Secretary of Stavropol Krai and was elected to the Supreme Soviet. He became a member of the Central Committee in 1971 and became its head of agriculture in 1978. In 1979, he became a member of the Politburo.[2]

General Secretary

Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985 and initially followed Andropov's line, continuing the anti-alcohol campaign and encouraging new cadre. He increased support for Nicaragua and Afghanistan while trying to improve relations with the West. Within a year, he replaced half of all Politburo members and the leaders of five republics and promoted his supporters to Foreign Minister and Premier. Beginning in the fall of 1985, he reduced assistance to Afghanistan.[2]

By the 27th congress of the CPSU in 1986, counterrevolutionaries controlled much of the party leadership. Gorbachev worked with other traitors including Alexander Yakovlev, Eduard Shevardnadze, and Boris Yeltsin to overthrow socialism.[3] He ended Soviet nuclear tests and reduced strategic arms by 50% while receiving no concessions from the United States and reduced government planning of enterprises.[2]

Gorbachev removed deputies from the Central Asian and Caucasian republics from the Politburo. In December 1986, he replaced Kazakh General Secretary Dinmukhamed Kunaev with Gennady Kolbin, an ethnic Russian, which caused nationalist riots in Kazakhstan.[2]

Later life

In 1996, Gorbachev ran for president of Russia but received less than 1% of the vote.[4]

Political positions

Gorbachev promoted a policy of glasnost[a] (openness), which resulted in communists being purged from the CPSU and mass media. He established market reforms called perestroika[b] (restructuring), which diminished state support for the working class. He reduced assistance to less developed parts of the Soviet Union, increasing national conflict.[4]

Notes

  1. ↑ Russian: гласность
  2. ↑ Russian: перестройка

References

  1. ↑ Mikhail Gorbachev (2000). My Ambition was to Liquidate Communism. Revolutionary Democracy.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny (2010). Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union: 'Promise and Foreboding, 1985-86' (pp. 95–101, 120–128). [PDF] iUniverse.com. ISBN 9781450241717
  3. ↑ Nikos Mottas (2022-09-01). "Mikhail Gorbachev, a modern Judas" In Defense of Communism. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Gorbachev: Darling of the West, despised at home & worldwide" (2022-08-31). Liberation News. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
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