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{{Infobox country|name= | {{Infobox country|name=Libya|population_estimate_year=2021|population_estimate= 6,992,701|area_km2=1,759,541|established_date1=2020 October 23rd|established_event1=Unity government|official_languages=Arabic|leader_name3=Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh|native_name=دولة ليبيا|image_flag=Flag of Libya.svg|leader_title3=Prime Minister|leader_name2=Musa Al-Koni|leader_title2=Vice Chairman|leader_name1=Mohamed al-Menfi|leader_title1=Chairman of the Presidential Council|image_coat=Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg|capital=Tripoli|largest_city=Tripoli|government_type=Provisional government|currency=Libyan dinar}} | ||
'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa. | '''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa. It was formerly the most prosperous country in Africa until the 2011 [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] invasion. It is a member of the [[United Nations]] (since 1955), the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], the [[Arab League]], [[OIC]] and [[Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries|OPEC]]. The country's official religion is [[Islam]], with 96.6% of the Libyan population being Sunni Muslims. | ||
== History == | |||
=== Colonial rule and monarchy === | |||
During the [[Second World War]], Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951. | |||
Libya | === Jamahiriya === | ||
[[Muammar Gaddafi]] overthrew King Idris in 1969 in a bloodless revolution<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm|title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya|date=1 September 1969|access-date=25 October 2018|archive-date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and led the country until his murder in 2011 by [[United States of America|US]]-backed forces. Following his death, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.<ref name="rival">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826|work=Reuters|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads|date=25 August 2014|access-date=25 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Chris Stephen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=1 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After [[United Nations|UN]]-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html|title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva|work=Sun Herald|date=7 August 2015|access-date=7 August 2015}}{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news|author=Kingsley, Patrick|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=1 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments|archive-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down|first=Ahmed|last=Elumami|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD|archive-date=8 April 2016|work=Reuters|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in|work=Reuters|date=6 August 2015|access-date=7 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806|archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297|title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire|date=24 October 2020|website=The Daily Star|access-date=5 March 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi == | == Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi == | ||
{{Main article|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)}} | |||
Gaddafi sought to transform Libya into a new [[socialist state]] called a ''[[Jamahiriya]]'' ("state of the masses") in 1977 by using the government to reign in the [[cost of living]] for the Libyan [[Proletariat|working class]]. | |||
Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the [[Swiss Confederation|Switzerland]] of Africa"<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/ | |||
Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the Switzerland of Africa"<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/ | |||
</ref> and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.<ref>https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment</ref> | </ref> and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.<ref>https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment</ref> | ||
The following is a list of | The following is a list of basic facts about Libya under Gaddafi.<ref name=":0">https://newsrescue.com/gaddaffis-last-formal-speech-people-libya/</ref> | ||
* No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens. | * No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens. | ||
*There was no interest on loans, banks in Libya | *There was no interest on loans, [[Bank|banks]] in Libya were state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law. | ||
*If a Libyan | *If a Libyan was unable to find employment after graduation, the state would pay the average salary of the profession as if he or she is employed until employment is found. | ||
*Should Libyans want to take up a farming career, they receive farm land, a house, equipment, seed and livestock to kick start their farms – this was all for free. | *Should Libyans want to take up a farming career, they receive farm land, a house, equipment, seed and livestock to kick start their farms – this was all for free. | ||
*Gaddafi carried out the world’s largest irrigation project, known as the Great Man-Made River project, to make water readily available throughout the desert country. | *Gaddafi carried out the world’s largest irrigation project, known as the Great Man-Made River project, to make water readily available throughout the desert country. | ||
*A home was considered a human right in Libya. (In Qaddafi’s [[:en:Library:The_Green_Book_(Muammar_Gaddafi)|Green Book]] it states: “The house is a basic need of both the individual and the family, therefore it should not be owned by others.”) | *A home was considered a human right in Libya. (In Qaddafi’s [[:en:Library:The_Green_Book_(Muammar_Gaddafi)|Green Book]] it states: “The house is a basic need of both the individual and the family, therefore it should not [[Landlord|be owned by others]].”) | ||
*All newlyweds in Libya would receive 60,000 Dinar (US$ 50,000 ) by the government to buy their first apartment so to help start a family. | *All newlyweds in Libya would receive 60,000 Dinar (US$ 50,000 ) by the government to buy their first apartment so to help start a family. | ||
*A portion of Libyan oil sales is or was credited directly to the bank accounts of all Libyan citizens. | *A portion of Libyan oil sales is or was credited directly to the bank accounts of all Libyan citizens. | ||
| Line 28: | Line 30: | ||
*Fuel subsidies: The price of petrol in Libya was $0.14 per liter. | *Fuel subsidies: The price of petrol in Libya was $0.14 per liter. | ||
*Food subsidies: For $ 0.15, a Libyan local could purchase 40 loaves of bread. | *Food subsidies: For $ 0.15, a Libyan local could purchase 40 loaves of bread. | ||
*Education and medical treatments | *Education and medical treatments were all free in Libya. Libya had one of the finest health care systems in the Arab and African world. All people had access to doctors, hospitals, clinics and medicines, [[Universal healthcare|completely free of charge]]. | ||
*If Libyans | *If Libyans could not find the education or medical facilities they need in Libya, the government would fund them to go abroad for it – not only free but they get US $2,300/month accommodation and car allowance. | ||
*25% of Libyans have a university degree. | *25% of Libyans have a university degree. | ||
* | *Literacy rate increased from 25% to 87% | ||
*Libya had no external debt and its reserves amount to $150 billion – though much of this is now frozen globally. | *Libya had no external debt and its reserves amount to $150 billion – though much of this is now frozen globally. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Countries]] | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Countries invaded by the United States]] | |||
[[Category:African countries]] | |||
Revision as of 17:35, 23 April 2023
| Libya دولة ليبيا | |
|---|---|
 Flag
.svg) Coat of arms
| |
| Capital and largest city | Tripoli |
| Official languages | Arabic |
| Government | Provisional government |
• Chairman of the Presidential Council | Mohamed al-Menfi |
• Vice Chairman | Musa Al-Koni |
• Prime Minister | Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh |
| History | |
• Unity government | 2020 October 23rd |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,759,541 km² |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 6,992,701 |
| Currency | Libyan dinar |
Libya, officially the State of Libya is a country in North Africa. It was formerly the most prosperous country in Africa until the 2011 NATO invasion. It is a member of the United Nations (since 1955), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, OIC and OPEC. The country's official religion is Islam, with 96.6% of the Libyan population being Sunni Muslims.
History
Colonial rule and monarchy
During the Second World War, Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951.
Jamahiriya
Muammar Gaddafi overthrew King Idris in 1969 in a bloodless revolution[1] and led the country until his murder in 2011 by US-backed forces. Following his death, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.[2][3] After UN-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,[4] a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015[5] and the GNC disbanded to support it.[6] A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.[7] However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020..[8]
Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi
See main article: Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)
Gaddafi sought to transform Libya into a new socialist state called a Jamahiriya ("state of the masses") in 1977 by using the government to reign in the cost of living for the Libyan working class.
Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the Switzerland of Africa"[9] and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.[10]
The following is a list of basic facts about Libya under Gaddafi.[11]
- No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens.
- There was no interest on loans, banks in Libya were state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law.
- If a Libyan was unable to find employment after graduation, the state would pay the average salary of the profession as if he or she is employed until employment is found.
- Should Libyans want to take up a farming career, they receive farm land, a house, equipment, seed and livestock to kick start their farms – this was all for free.
- Gaddafi carried out the world’s largest irrigation project, known as the Great Man-Made River project, to make water readily available throughout the desert country.
- A home was considered a human right in Libya. (In Qaddafi’s Green Book it states: “The house is a basic need of both the individual and the family, therefore it should not be owned by others.”)
- All newlyweds in Libya would receive 60,000 Dinar (US$ 50,000 ) by the government to buy their first apartment so to help start a family.
- A portion of Libyan oil sales is or was credited directly to the bank accounts of all Libyan citizens.
- A mother who gives birth to a child would receive US $5,000.
- When a Libyan buys a car, the government would subsidize 50% of the price.
- Fuel subsidies: The price of petrol in Libya was $0.14 per liter.
- Food subsidies: For $ 0.15, a Libyan local could purchase 40 loaves of bread.
- Education and medical treatments were all free in Libya. Libya had one of the finest health care systems in the Arab and African world. All people had access to doctors, hospitals, clinics and medicines, completely free of charge.
- If Libyans could not find the education or medical facilities they need in Libya, the government would fund them to go abroad for it – not only free but they get US $2,300/month accommodation and car allowance.
- 25% of Libyans have a university degree.
- Literacy rate increased from 25% to 87%
- Libya had no external debt and its reserves amount to $150 billion – though much of this is now frozen globally.