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{{Infobox | {{Infobox politician|honorific_prefix=Eternal General Secretary|name=Kim Jong-il|native_name=김정일|political_orientation=[[Juche]]<br>[[Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism|Kimilsungism]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]|political_party=[[Workers' Party of Korea]]|image=Kim Jong Il.png|image_size=200|death_cause=Heart attack|nationality=Korean|caption=Official portrait of comrade Kim Jong-il|death_date=2011 December 17 (aged 69)|death_place=[[Pyongyang]], [[DPRK]]|birth_date=1942 February 16|birth_place=Paektusan Camp, Korea}} | ||
'''Kim Jong-il''' ( | '''Kim Jong-il''' (1942 February 16 – 2011 December 17) was the [[General secretary|General Secretary]] of the [[Workers' Party of Korea]] from 1997 to 2011 and Eternal General Secretary since his death. He was the son of Eternal President [[Kim Il-sung]] and father of current leader [[Kim Jong-un]]. The DPRK's constitution describes him as a "peerless patriot and defender of [[Socialism|socialist]] Korea."<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Pak Thae-song]]|year=2019|title=Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|title-url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Socialist_Constitution_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_(2019)|chapter=Preamble|city=Pyongyang}}</ref> A poll in 2011 showed that 55% of defectors in [[Republic of Korea|South Korea]] believe that the majority of the DPRK's population supported Kim Jong-il.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[Write to Rebel]]|title=Socialism and Democracy in the DPRK|date=2017-03-28|url=https://writetorebel.com/2017/03/28/socialism-and-democracy-in-the-dprk/|retrieved=2022-04-30}}</ref> | ||
== References == | ==Early life== | ||
[[File:Paektusan camp.png|thumb|Kim Jong-il's birthplace at Mount Paektu]] | |||
Kim Jong-il was born on February 16, 1942 in the secret Paektusan camp.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Pyongyang Times|title=Special feature: The Day of Shining Star|date=2023-02-15|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/blog?page=feature&blogid=63ec8b00dd2b4105d2c936cb|retrieved=2023-07-16}}</ref> | |||
He was involved with the [[Socialist Patriotic Youth League|Democratic Youth League]] when he was young and published his first works at the age of 23.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Red Patriot]]|title=LYC Honors Kim Jong-il|date=2022-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111182820/https://redpat.org/2022/01/lyc-honors-kim-jong-il/|archive-date=2022-01-11}}</ref> He became vice-chairman of his school's DYL branch in 1957.<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Lalkar]]|title=Comrade Kim Jong Il’s lifelong contribution to the Korean revolution|date=2021-07-23|url=https://thecommunists.org/2021/07/20/news/ireland-britain-dirty-war-ballymurphy-finucane-imperialism/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521054438/https://thecommunists.org/2021/07/23/news/comrade-kim-jong-ils-lifelong-contribution-to-the-korean-revolution/|archive-date=2022-05-21|retrieved=2022-12-04}}</ref> | |||
==Political career== | |||
=== Central Committee === | |||
Kim was elected to the central committee of the WPK in 1964.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
He became Supreme Commander of the [[Korean People's Army]] in 1991 and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea in 1997.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== General Secretary (1997–2011) === | |||
[[File:Kim-Jong-Il-2001.jpg|thumb|Kim Jong-il in 2001]] | |||
Under Kim's leadership, Korea overcame flooding and economic crisis caused by the [[overthrow of the Soviet Union]]. He mobilized the KPA to increase production capacity in record time and introduced the policy of [[Songun]] (military first).<ref name=":1" /> | |||
Kim died of a heart attack on 17 December 2011, at the age of 69. | |||
== International support == | |||
In 2023, organizations from [[Republic of Austria|Austria]], [[Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Kingdom of Denmark|Denmark]], [[Kingdom of Norway|Norway]], [[Islamic Republic of Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Russian Federation|Russia]], [[Republic of Serbia|Serbia]],<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Rodong Sinmun]]|title=Chairman Kim Jong Il Praised Abroad|date=2023-06-20|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMy0wNi0yMC1IMDA1QDExQDBAa2ltIGpvbmcgaWxAMEA5==|retrieved=2023-07-20}}</ref> the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR Congo]], [[Republic of Guinea|Guinea]], [[Kyrgyz Republic|Kyrgyzstan]],<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Rodong Sinmun]]|title=Chairman Kim Jong Il’s Party-building Exploits Lauded Abroad|date=2023-07-01|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMy0wNy0wMS1IMDA1QDExQDBAa2ltIGpvbmcgaWxAMEA0==|retrieved=2023-07-20}}</ref> [[Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal|Nepal]], [[Commonwealth of Australia|Australia]], [[Republic of Uganda|Uganda]],<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Rodong Sinmun]]|title=Chairman Kim Jong Il’s Exploits Lauded in Different Countries|date=2023-06-22|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMy0wNi0yMi1IMDA0QDExQDBAa2ltIGpvbmcgaWxAMEA3==|retrieved=2023-07-20}}</ref> [[Lebanese Republic|Lebanon]], and [[Romania]] sent messages congratulating Kim Jong-il.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Rodong Sinmun]]|title=Chairman Kim Jong Il’s Exploits Lauded Abroad|date=2023-06-25|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMy0wNi0yNS1IMDA5QDExQDBAa2ltIGpvbmcgaWxAMEA2==|retrieved=2023-07-20}}</ref> | |||
== Works == | |||
As of July 2023, there are 55 volumes of Kim Jong-il's complete works, which include all of his works up to May 1997.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Rodong Sinmun]]|title="Complete Collection of Kim Jong Il’s Works" Vol. 55 Published|date=2023-07-15|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMy0wNy0xNS1IMDA5QDExQDBAa2ltIGpvbmcgaWxAMEAx==|retrieved=2023-07-20}}</ref> | |||
=== Library works === | |||
* ''[[Library:On the Juche idea|On the Juche Idea]]'' (1982) | |||
* ''[[Library:On some problems of the ideological foundation of socialism|On Some Problems of the Ideological Foundation of Socialism]]'' (1990) | |||
* ''[[Library:On architecture|On Architecture]]'' (1991) | |||
==References== | |||
[[Category:Communist leaders]] | [[Category:Communist leaders]] | ||
[[Category:Former heads of state]] | [[Category:Former heads of state]] | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Jucheists]] | [[Category:Jucheists]] | ||
[[Category:Anti-imperialists]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:10, 28 March 2024
Eternal General Secretary Kim Jong-il 김정일 | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait of comrade Kim Jong-il | |
| Born | 1942 February 16 Paektusan Camp, Korea |
| Died | 2011 December 17 (aged 69) Pyongyang, DPRK |
| Cause of death | Heart attack |
| Nationality | Korean |
| Political orientation | Juche Kimilsungism Anti-imperialism |
| Political party | Workers' Party of Korea |
Kim Jong-il (1942 February 16 – 2011 December 17) was the General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea from 1997 to 2011 and Eternal General Secretary since his death. He was the son of Eternal President Kim Il-sung and father of current leader Kim Jong-un. The DPRK's constitution describes him as a "peerless patriot and defender of socialist Korea."[1] A poll in 2011 showed that 55% of defectors in South Korea believe that the majority of the DPRK's population supported Kim Jong-il.[2]
Early life[edit | edit source]
Kim Jong-il was born on February 16, 1942 in the secret Paektusan camp.[3]
He was involved with the Democratic Youth League when he was young and published his first works at the age of 23.[4] He became vice-chairman of his school's DYL branch in 1957.[5]
Political career[edit | edit source]
Central Committee[edit | edit source]
Kim was elected to the central committee of the WPK in 1964.[5]
He became Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army in 1991 and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea in 1997.[4]
General Secretary (1997–2011)[edit | edit source]
Under Kim's leadership, Korea overcame flooding and economic crisis caused by the overthrow of the Soviet Union. He mobilized the KPA to increase production capacity in record time and introduced the policy of Songun (military first).[5]
Kim died of a heart attack on 17 December 2011, at the age of 69.
International support[edit | edit source]
In 2023, organizations from Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia,[6] the DR Congo, Guinea, Kyrgyzstan,[7] Nepal, Australia, Uganda,[8] Lebanon, and Romania sent messages congratulating Kim Jong-il.[9]
Works[edit | edit source]
As of July 2023, there are 55 volumes of Kim Jong-il's complete works, which include all of his works up to May 1997.[10]
Library works[edit | edit source]
- On the Juche Idea (1982)
- On Some Problems of the Ideological Foundation of Socialism (1990)
- On Architecture (1991)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Pak Thae-song (2019). Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: 'Preamble'. Pyongyang.
- ↑ "Socialism and Democracy in the DPRK" (2017-03-28). Write to Rebel. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ↑ "Special feature: The Day of Shining Star" (2023-02-15). Pyongyang Times. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 LYC Honors Kim Jong-il (2022-01-11). Red Patriot. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Comrade Kim Jong Il’s lifelong contribution to the Korean revolution" (2021-07-23). Lalkar. Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
- ↑ "Chairman Kim Jong Il Praised Abroad" (2023-06-20). Rodong Sinmun. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ↑ "Chairman Kim Jong Il’s Party-building Exploits Lauded Abroad" (2023-07-01). Rodong Sinmun. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ↑ "Chairman Kim Jong Il’s Exploits Lauded in Different Countries" (2023-06-22). Rodong Sinmun. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ↑ "Chairman Kim Jong Il’s Exploits Lauded Abroad" (2023-06-25). Rodong Sinmun. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ↑ ""Complete Collection of Kim Jong Il’s Works" Vol. 55 Published" (2023-07-15). Rodong Sinmun. Retrieved 2023-07-20.