|name=French Republic
|image_coat=French coat of arms.svg|capital=Paris
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#REDIRECT [[French Republic#Second republic and empire (1848–1870)]]
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...in succession the seat of the [[French Republic|French]] governor and the French administrative capital.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Vientiane “Vi
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...m of the Two Sicilies|Sicily]], [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottomans]], [[French Republic|France]], and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irela
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...]|death_date=16 April 1859|nationality=French|death_place=Cannes, [[French Empire (1852–1870)|France]]|school_tradition=Classical [[liberalism]]}}
...harles Henri Clérel de Tocqueville''' (29 July 1805 – 16 April 1859) was a French philosopher active in the 19th century. He hoped for a massive fire to [[Ov
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...[[Russian Empire]]|death_date=21 January 1870|death_place=Paris, [[French Empire (1852–1870)|France]]|political_orientation=[[Republicanism]]<br>[[Agrarian
...
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...od, Saint Helena]], [[British Empire]]|death_cause=Stomach cancer|known=*[[French Consulate|Provisional Consul of France]] (1799)
*[[French Consulate|First Consul of France]] (1799-1804)
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...792)|France]]|death_date=11 February 1650|death_place=Stockholm, [[Swedish Empire]]|image=René Descartes.png}}
'''René Descartes''' (31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher and founder of [[rationalism]]. Despite his [[Idealism|idealist
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...he original] on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2022-12-04.</ref> [[French language|French]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Dutch language|Dutch]],<ref>spartakist 1919 (2020).:
...ussia (1701–1918)|Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German Empire]]|death_date=8 June 1980 (aged 80)|death_place=[[Bernburg (Saale)|Bernburg]
...
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...ame=Johanna Arendt|birth_date=14 October 1906|birth_place=Linden, [[German Empire]]|death_date=4 December 1975|death_place=[[New York City]], [[State of New
...Origins of Totalitarianism'', written in 1946, criticize [[French Republic|French]] [[antisemitism]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irela
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...aris, [[France#Second republic and empire (1848–1870)|France]]|nationality=French|political_orientation=[[Anarchism]]<br>[[Utopian socialism]]|image=Proudhon
...
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...rtoon.jpg|alt=|thumb|An 1805 cartoon depicting [[French Empire (1804–1815)|French]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|English]] c
...56.4 million, and [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]] formed a colonial empire that subjugated 14.7 million.
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...1792)|France]]|death_date=1596|death_place=Laon, Aisne, France|nationality=French|image=Jean Bodin.png|image_size=200|school_tradition=[[Absolute monarchism]
...be slaves. While defenders of slavery pointed to its existence in [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Ancient Rome]], Bodin pointed out how the Roman slave syste
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...corrupted by [[Europe|Europeans]] to Tonquin. During the [[French Republic|French]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] period (1883–1945) the name Tonkin was used to r
...s mineral resources. Hanoi remained the administrative centre during the [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] occupation (1940–45) of the territory.<ref
...
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...n before partitioning it in 1639. The [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] conquered the Persian part of Armenia in 1828. During the [[First World W
...[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|Britain]] and [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]]. Armenian leftists founded the [[Armenian Sov
...
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...n=1299–1922|image_map=Ottoman Empire map.svg|map_width=260|map_caption=The empire at its peak in 1683 with vassal states in light green|area_km2=5,200,000|po
The '''Ottoman Empire''' was a state based in [[Western Asia]] that also controlled parts of [[Ba
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...list Republics (1922–1991)|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (USSR), [[French Republic]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]] (UK),
{{Main article|German Empire (1871–1918)}}
...
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...ve_name=Royaume de France|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg|capital=Paris|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]|governmen
...nomic development in some areas and surpassed Spain after the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)#Thirty Years' War|Thirty Years' War]], becoming the leading powe
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...ar]] to divide the territories of the [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottoman Empire]] between themselves when the war was over. The two architects of this trea
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...hen the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] and Spanish armies drove [[French Empire (1804–1815)|France]] from the [[Iberian Peninsula]].
* The [[Vietnam War|war of resistance]] against [[French Republic|France]] (then followed by the [[United States of America|USA)]] f
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...German Empire]]|death_date=11 February 1941 (aged 63)|death_place=Paris, [[French State (1940–1944)|France]]|political_orientation=[[Democratic socialism]]|i
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...of arms of Cameroon.svg|capital=[[Yaoundé]]|official_languages=English<br>French|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Paul Biya]]|leader_title2=Prime Mini
...ough it is independent in name, its government is directly controlled by [[French Republic|France]].<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=Amba Leaks|newspape
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| birth_place = Kim Liên, Nghệ An Province, French Indochina
...struggle against the [[France|French]] [[Colonialism|colonialists]] and [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] [[imperialism]].
...
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...ap=Algeria map.svg|image_map_size=250|common_languages=Arabic<br>Berber<br>French|religion=99% Sunni [[Islam]]<br>1% other|demonym=Algerian|area_km2=2,381,74
=== French colonization ===
...
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...vernorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=25 July 1934|death_place=Paris, [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]]|political_line=[[Anarchism]]|nationality=Ukra
...olution of 1917|February Revolution]] and left Ukraine during the [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] and [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Austrian]]
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* [[French Republic (1792–1804)|France]] under the [[Jacobins]] (especially after the
* [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]] in the 1930s and '40s
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...erman]] colony until the [[First World War]] in which Togo was seized by [[French Republic|France]] using troops from its colony of [[Republic of Senegal|Sen
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...Vietnam]]|birth_place=Lệ Thủy, Quảng Bình, [[Indochinese Union (1887–1954)|French Indochina]]|nationality=Vietnamese|political_line=[[Marxism–Leninism]]<br>[
...an. He fought in the wars against [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]], [[French Republic (1946–1958)|France]], and the [[United States of America|United St
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|birth_place=Navyvarod, Hungary, [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]]
...918)|Hungarian]] [[Marxism|Marxist]] who spent most of his adult life in [[French Republic|France]] where he made large contributions to Marxist [[philosophy
...
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:''For the past republics of France, see [[French Republic (disambiguation)]].''
|name=French Republic
...
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...den (1806–1918)|Grand Duchy of Baden]], [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German Empire]]|death_date=26 May 1976 (aged 86)|death_place=Meßkirch, [[State of Baden-W
...inspired anti-[[Marxism|Marxist]] [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[French Republic|French]] intellectuals during the 1960s and 1970s. More recently, [[Fascism|fascis
...
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...ation of independence of [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam|Vietnam]] from [[French Republic|France]] and [[Japan]]
|'''Vladimir Lenin is born in the [[Russian Empire]]'''
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| birth_place = [[Faranah]], [[French Guinea]]
...re|Almamy Samory Touré]], founder of the [[Wassoulou Empire]] who resisted French colonialism in modern day Guinea.
...
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...br />• Dissolution of the Russian Empire<br />• Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire}}
...I''', was an international conflict that began with the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] declaring war on [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] on 28 July 1914, and ended
...
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...ritish Empire 5.png|thumb|Areas of the world that were part of the British Empire]]
...7|url=https://historycollection.com/10-atrocities-committed-by-the-british-empire-that-they-would-like-to-erase-from-history-books/}}</ref> In the 21st Centu
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...tps://covertactionmagazine.com/2020/12/10/outposts-of-the-u-s-surveillance-empire-denmark-and-beyond/|archive-date=2022-10-23|retrieved=2022-12-28|author=Ron
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| name = German Empire
| image_flag = Flag of the German Empire.png
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...–1806|image_map=Holy Roman Empire (1789).svg|map_width=260|map_caption=The empire in 1789|common_languages=German<br>Latin|population_estimate=29,000,000|pop
...]], [[Czech Republic|Czechia]], [[Hungary]], [[Italian Republic|Italy]], [[French Republic|France]], [[Kingdom of Belgium|Belgium]], the [[Kingdom of the Net
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...date=15 June 1914|birth_place=Nagutskaya, Stavropol Governorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=9 February 1984|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[RSFSR]], [[Soviet Un
...gdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] and [[French Republic|French]] from expanding their nuclear arsenals.<ref name=":02222">{{Citation|autho
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...d of [[Hispaniola]]. Due to [[French Republic|French]] [[colonialism]] and French and [[United States of America|Statesian]] [[neocolonialism]], Haiti is an
=== French colony ===
...
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...сии) was a war in parts of the former [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] between the [[Red Army]] and counter-revolutionary [[White Army]]. [[Impe
...d to the Military Council of the Ukrainian Front to overthrow the [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]]-backed ruler [[Pavlo Skoropadskyi]].<ref name=":1" />
...
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...e former [[French Republic|French]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] [[Imperialism|empire]]. This was widely supported by the people.{{Citation needed}} After taking
One such social change is that he led his country in changing the French colonial name of "[[Upper Volta]]" to "[[Burkina Faso]]" ("Land of Incorrup
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The newspaper began publication on 5 May 1912 in the Russian Empire, but was already extant abroad in January 1911.<ref>V. I. Lenin, Collected
...vately owned and has international editions published in Russian, English, French and Portuguese.
...
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...ic founded after the [[February Revolution]] and the fall of the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian monarchy]].
...rgy Pyatakov|Pyatakov]] opposed self-determination for non-Russians in the empire.
...
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...lism|date=2018-01-09|url=https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/resistance-to-french-colonialism/|retrieved=2022-05-07}}</ref>
=== French colonization ===
...
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...s]], [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Austria-Hungary]], Britain, [[French Third Republic (1870–1940)|France]], and others.<ref>{{Web citation|author=
...h century even thought it was banned in Britain. The UK, France, [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]], and the United States and the [[Second Opium War]] ag
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[[File:French revolution painting.png|thumb|A painting depicting the execution of King [[
...[[bourgeois revolution]] that overthrew the [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|French absolute monarchy]] and [[Feudalism|feudal]] [[nobility]]. It began with th
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=== French Revolutionary wars ===
...rule. The British killed 30,000 rebels, and [[French Republic (1792–1804)|French]] troops failed to arrive on time to support the resistance.<ref name=":022
...
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...than we can bear. There are mutinies in the [[French Republic (1870–1940)|French]] trenches! Agitators in [[Imperial Russian Army|the Tsar's army]] cry out
...Emperor|Kaiser]] [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] flees [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]]. Also in 1918, at 11:00 a.m.—the eleventh hour of th
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...7|capital=Saint Petersburg|largest_city=Saint Petersburg|image_map=Russian Empire.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Russian|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism
...[[State of Alaska|Alaska]], and [[Republic of Poland|Poland]]. Most of the empire's territory later became part of the USSR, but Finland and Poland became in
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...erests of the revolutionary struggle of the [[working class]] in [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]] and other capitalist countries.
...inted sheets, containing excerpts from 148 books (including 106 German, 23 French, 17 English, and 2 in Russian translation) and from 232 articles present in
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...[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918)|Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]]|death_date=10 December 1996 (aged 89)|death_place=Eis
...aration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire|Japanese declarations of war on the United States]] in December 1941, [[Axi
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...m''' and also known as '''[[colonialism]] without colonies''', '''informal empire''' or '''neoimperialism''' (itself alternatively spelled '''neo-imperialism
...f name="fifteen">{{Citation|chapter=1|author=Michael Parenti|title=Against Empire|publisher=City Light Books|year=1995|page=15}}</ref> <ref name="Blunden">{{
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=== Ottoman Empire ===
{{Main article|Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)}}
...
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...of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|English]] and the [[French Republic|French]]. The era saw the widespread enslavement, exploitation and military subjug
...nfluence in Central Asia.jpg|thumb|302x302px|Great Britain and the Russian Empire competed for influence in Central Asia in the 19th century.]]
...
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...Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]]'s Associated Electrical Industries and [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]]'s Toyko Electric. The [[United States of Ameri
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...ge=Zhdanov.png|birth_date=26 February 1896|birth_place=Mariupol, [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=31 August 1948|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[RSFSR]], [[Soviet Uni
...ibed the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] and [[French Republic (1946–1958)|France]] as [[United States of America|U.S.]] satellit
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...th_date=16 October 1908|birth_place=Gjirokastër, Janina Vilayet, [[Ottoman Empire]]|death_date=11 April 1985 (aged 76)|death_place=Tirana, [[People's Sociali
...ater, the [[October Revolution|October Socialist Revolution]] in [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]].
...
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...ile [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|Britain]] and [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]] stayed neutral. Japan and Germany signed the
...panese invaders.<ref name=":0" /> Italy occupied and colonized [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]] in 1935. Germany annexed [[Federal State of Austria|Austria]] in
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=== French colonization ===
...and international conditions, the uprisings were not able to cast off the French yoke.<ref name=":4" />
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...anovka, [[Kherson Governorate (1802–1920)|Kherson Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]|death_cause=Assassination via iceaxe|death_place=Mexico City, [[Mexico]]|
...r instance, he was reported to have spoken in [[Russia|Russian]], [[France|French]] and [[Germany|German]] straight for an hour each when given an hour to de
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[[Russian Empire]] (until 1917)<br>
[[French Republic]]*[[United States of America]]<br>
...
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...Vasilyevich Leontiev|birth_date=August 5, 1905|birth_place=Munich, German Empire|death_date=February 5, 1999|death_place=New York City, U.S|nationality=Sovi
* 1968: Officer of the French Légion d'honneur
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...03933/https://historycollection.com/10-atrocities-committed-by-the-british-empire-that-they-would-like-to-erase-from-history-books/|archive-date=2021-06-16|r
...citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=British empire killed 165 million Indians in 40 years: How colonialism inspired fascism|da
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...which was at that time a part of the [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottoman Empire]], by the alliance of Serbia, Greece, [[Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] and
...mperialism|imperialist]] Great Powers. In March 1914 they imposed [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] Prince, [[William of Wied]], as its [[Monarchism|monar
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...mongst the main enemies of early socialist movements such as the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian monarchy]] of [[Nicholas II|Nicholas Romanov]], and the
...17th Century Revolution|quote=Although M. Guizot never loses sight of the French Revolution, he does not even reach the simple conclusion that the transitio
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...leaders had large private holdings. They divided the farmland of the Roman Empire into separate holdings and created an independent peasantry, but wealthier
...581, peasants were allowed to move from one lord to another. The [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Tsarist government]] abolished serfdom in 1861, leading [[Landl
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...g (1805–1918)|Kingdom of Württemberg]], [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German Empire]]
...4), also known as the '''Desert Fox''' ('''Wüstenfuchs'''), was a [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] [[Generalfeldmarschall|field marshal]], career officer
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...er Guyana because they worried that the Dutch would abolish slavery like [[French Republic (1792–1804)|France]] did. In 1823, following a slave revolt, the B
...al Geographic Society of London sent [[Robert Schomburgk]], a [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)|German]] geographer, to map the border between Venezuela and Bri
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|| French(?), English subs
|| Empire Files
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12 KB (1,701 words) - 01:44, 9 January 2024
...bserver|title=Russia began to make a 'cold war' on Britain and the British Empire|date=1946-03-10}}</ref> and given to a period of global [[class warfare]] b
...rs to an invasion of Germany if [[French Republic|France]] and the British Empire followed with their own troops, opening two fronts at once before Hitler ha
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...map=North America.svg|map_width=260|common_languages=English<br>Spanish<br>French<br>Indigenous languages|area_km2=24,709,000|population_estimate=592,296,233
...America, but political dominance in the area had shifted to the [[Aztec]] Empire further north.
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...ing to war with each other, most of West Asia was united under the Ottoman Empire and, as such, would not go to war with itself. While wars still occurred in
It was only after WW1 and the subsequent fall of the Ottoman Empire that West Asia began experiencing major instabilities, mostly due to the Sy
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...an Genocide|genocidal massacre of 1.5 million Armenians]] by the [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Turks]] in 1915, and the mass killings of [[Africa|African]] pe
[[French conquest of Algeria|French colonisers killed some 150,000 Algerians]]. Later on, several million soul
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...]] Cathedral, at a moment when [[Tsar Boris]] should have been inside. The French officer obligingly telephoned Boris to remain at home that afternoon. Terri
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...] is 20th-century Americanism." In 1944, he dissolved the CPUSA, but the [[French Communist Party]] intervened to reestablish the party the next year. The 19
...ple of this tactic is [[Republic of China|China]]'s United Front against [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] imperialism. Mao condemned patriotism for i
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...lism/|retrieved=2022-12-16}}</ref> Britain retains influence in its former empire using imperialist organisations such at [[Commonwealth of Nations|the Commo
...narchs. Following defeat at the battle of Culloden, Charles fled back to [[French Republic|France]] in June 1746 ending the rebellion.<ref>{{Web citation|new
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...tarian. The nationalism of [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] and [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Imperial Japan]], for example, was chauvinistic. On th
...[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]], [[French Republic|France]] and the [[United States of America]]. Bourgeoisie nationa
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...nd organize military actions against [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)|China]], [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]], [[Africa|African]] [[Anti-colonialism|freedom
|{{Flagicon|Flag of France.svg}} [[French Republic|France]]
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The [[Ghana Empire]], which extended across 800 km of West Africa at its peak, constructed the
...a series of trading states include the [[Mali Empire|Mali]] and [[Songhai Empire|Songhai]] empires rose and fell in West Africa. Coastal trade also fueled t
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Remember how the [[Spanish Empire (1492–1976)|Spaniards]] asked the Americans not to send the [[USS Maine (18
...treated most harshly if it pursued a path of deception. [[French Republic|French]] [[President of France|President]] [[François Hollande]] called for a Unit
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| established_event1 = Dissolution of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|established_event6=Proclamation of the [[German Empire]]|established_date6=18 January 1871|established_event7=Proclamation of the
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...was obliged to work there I naturally suffered somewhat from a shortage of French and English literature and from a serious dearth of Russian literature. How
...nnexations of ''their'' capitalists, I was forced to quote as an example—[[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]]! The careful reader will easily substitute [[R
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...elgium]] but failed to conquer the Netherlands. Calvinists in [[Holy Roman Empire|Germany]], [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|France]], [[Kingdom of England (9
In 1794 and 1795, [[French Republic (1792–1804)|France]] supported a revolution in the Netherlands tha
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Despite the origins of Leninism being rooted in the Russian Empire, the tactics and theories developed by Lenin were meant not only for Russia
...,000,000 Russians at the frontline safeguarding the profits of British and French capitalists.
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...=9 October 1888|death_date=15 March 1938|birth_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Empire]]|death_place=Moscow, [[RSFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|death_cause=Execution|nat
...921-31’, A la Baconniére, Neuchâtel, 1971, pp. 379-80. Translated from the French by Vijay Singh|chapter-url=https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv8n1/bu
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10 KB (1,425 words) - 07:28, 6 July 2023
...e represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-ruled [[Ottoman Syria|Syrian provinces]].
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...Association|International]]. In the early seventies the stage in [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]] was occupied for a short while by the Proudhonist Müh
...on of amendments to Marx, revision of Marx, revisionism. Even in [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]] where—owing to the economic backwardness of the countr
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...narchy, Hawaii was [[Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom|conquered by the US empire in 1893]] in order to satisfy the economic and military interests of the US
...tive Hawaiians Fight US Navy for Polluting Island’s Water|url=|newspaper=[[Empire Files]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref>
...
26 KB (3,681 words) - 20:47, 1 October 2023
...ions, but even highly industrialized regions (German appetite for Belgium; French appetite for Lorraine), because 1) the fact that the world is already divid
...rom the older, first, in substituting for the ambition of a single growing empire the theory and the practice of competing empires, each motivated by similar
...
23 KB (3,476 words) - 21:43, 15 November 2022
...[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous peoples]] to [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)|German]] expansion into Eastern Europe in the [[Feudalism|Middle
...les of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|England]], [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]] and the [[United States of America|USA]] and
...
10 KB (1,436 words) - 18:21, 20 February 2024
...mon]]|image_map=Canada map.svg|map_width=260|official_languages=English<br>French|image_coat=Coat of arms of Canada.svg|capital=Ottawa|largest_city=Toronto|c
...tion by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British Empire]], Canada was under direct British rule until 1867. In 1876, Canada passed
...
12 KB (1,600 words) - 19:15, 16 January 2024
...are to the British Empire (1/3rd of all landmass in the world). The French Empire (reaching as far as Pacific islands). Spain. Portugal. And then bring it ba
...ver had a say in how their land was to be used. Palestine was an [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] territory until the British seized it after World War I. From the
...
39 KB (6,315 words) - 13:14, 29 November 2023
...> They were succeeded by the Mayans and the Zapotecs. In 1428, the [[Aztec Empire]], also known as the Triple Alliance, was established, which ruled until Me
...om of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]], United States, Spain, and [[French Republic|France]] invaded Mexico during its first 50 years of independence.
...
12 KB (1,756 words) - 23:48, 15 January 2024
...s piety, very delicate things often appear among these commodities. Thus a French poet of the period enumerates among the commodities to be found in the fair
...passage comes from the ''Dit du Lendit'', a satirical poem by the medieval French poet Guillot de Paris.</ref> In order that these objects may enter into rel
...
27 KB (4,448 words) - 15:53, 16 November 2022
...tails. If I negate the situation in Germany in 1843, then according to the French calendar I have barely reached 1789, much less the vital centre of our pres
...nations in the Roman Pantheon, so you will find in the Germans’ Holy Roman Empire all the sins of all state forms. That this eclecticism will reach a so far
...
35 KB (5,736 words) - 19:05, 4 April 2024
...or the Hutu for the mass murder of half a million Tutsi in Rwanda— or the French who were complicit in that massacre. Nor did US leaders consider launching
...r exposition of US involvement in Third World repression, see my ''Against Empire'' (San Francisco, 1995).</ref>
...
12 KB (1,909 words) - 05:10, 30 August 2021
...he old tribal nobility, which disappeared during the conquest of the Roman empire, or soon after, easily fitted itself into this primitive constitution, as e
...mining of the mark organization began soon after the conquest of the Roman empire. As representatives of the nation, the Frankish kings took possession of th
...
39 KB (6,798 words) - 01:43, 28 September 2023
*Nietzsche and Philosophy - Gilles Deleuze (Nietzsche, French philosophy, post-structuralism) [ep. 145]
*Empire of Conspiracy: The Culture of Paranoia in Postwar America - Timothy Melley
...
35 KB (5,234 words) - 19:46, 17 November 2021
...apital''. The printing was held up for a considerable time by a ban of the French Government. The thing will be ready this week or the beginning of next week
...tate;'' it is a good old German word that can very well do service for the French “Commune.”
...
70 KB (11,599 words) - 20:07, 3 April 2024
...ufacturing sector and also reshaped agricultural production in much of the empire. A ruling class evolved that was a hybrid of the long-established landownin
...private ownership of land became a practical reality, while in theory the empire continued to belong to the ruler, now the emperor. Many officials in govern
...
55 KB (8,509 words) - 21:08, 5 July 2023
...ence in 1945 after a combined [[French Republic (1870–1940)|French]] and [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] occupation, and before the [[New democratic
...tnam the right of independence. For nine years we vigorously supported the French in their abortive effort to recolonize Vietnam.
...
37 KB (6,646 words) - 18:20, 8 July 2023
...1801–1922)|Britain]], [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]], and [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]] over their “policies of conquest in Asia Minor” (the
...y ''buying'' its top section. It was exactly in this manner that the Anglo-French bourgeoisie has been acting for decades, by buying up the trade-union leade
...
34 KB (5,091 words) - 00:33, 7 July 2023
...51|volume=35|trans-lang=English}}</ref> Fascist Italy occupied [[Ethiopian Empire (1270–1974)|Ethiopia]] in addition to its earlier colonies of [[Somalia]] a
...nd joined into the [[Second World War]] after Italian forces invaded the [[French Republic]], during the final days of the main German invasion of that natio
...
55 KB (7,894 words) - 17:16, 8 January 2024
...ce=Bethesda, Maryland, [[USA]]|birth_place=Fort-de-France, [[Martinique]], French West Indies|known=''[[Black Skin, White Masks]]'', ''[[The Wretched of the
Born as a [[Colonialism|colonial]] [[French Republic|French]] subject, he eventually travelled to France for his education in psychiatr
...
54 KB (8,395 words) - 08:44, 1 November 2023
In ''Theories of Surplus Value'' (1861-63), Marx noted that the French writer Simon Linquet had made the necessity argument already in 1767:<ref>C
The French socialist and revolutionist Louis-Auguste Blanqui had similar views to Marx
...
27 KB (4,377 words) - 22:37, 7 May 2023
...on and had embarked on a course of “Thermidorian reaction.”<ref>During the French Revolution, on July 27, 1794 (the ninth of Thermidor, according to the revo
...national liberation movements of oppressed peoples within the old Czarist Empire. Thus, in “The Struggle for Power,” he wrote that “imperialism does not con
...
23 KB (3,729 words) - 19:03, 18 January 2024
...nguage common to the whole empire and understood by all the members of the empire. They were conglomerations of tribes and nationalities, each of which lived
References are made to Lafargue, [5] and it is said that in his pamphlet The French Language Before and After the Revolution he recognizes the "class character
...
85 KB (14,056 words) - 21:23, 5 July 2023
...new markets for the goods produced by them in the factories and mines. The Empire, as I have always said, is a bread and butter question. If you want to avoi
...t want liberty, it wants domination,” as Hilferding very truly says. And a French bourgeois writer, developing and supplementing, as it were, the ideas of Ce
...
24 KB (3,671 words) - 20:13, 2 September 2023
...led an [[Anti-colonialism|anti-colonial]] guerrilla movement against the [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] occupation of Vietnam.<ref name=":1" />
...namese revolutionaries led by [[Ho Chi Minh]] declared independence from [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]] and briefly united their country for the firs
...
15 KB (2,309 words) - 08:48, 5 September 2023
In 1907–08, the combined deposits of the [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] joint stock banks, each having a capital of more than
In [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]], ''three'' big banks (Crédit Lyonnais, the Co
...
33 KB (5,158 words) - 20:45, 2 August 2023
The broad masses of pre-revolutionary [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]] were deeply poor and lacked basic necessities, while o
* Human anthrax vaccine in 1930, predated by a French invention of an anthrax vaccine for animals.<ref name=":0" />
...
20 KB (2,616 words) - 14:25, 30 August 2023
...not by the ordinary people. The ordinary people simply paid the costs of Empire. The ordinary people simply sent their sons off to die on the plains of [[
...Empire (1721–1917)|Tsarist Russia]]—mostly English, French, some [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]], some American, including one [[Herbert Hoover]], who
...
89 KB (15,189 words) - 11:55, 21 February 2024
=== (1872) Preface to the French edition ===
...ding of the first chapters rather arduous, and it is to be feared that the French public, always impatient to come to a conclusion, eager to know the connect
...
39 KB (6,387 words) - 23:12, 5 May 2024
Thanks to the economic and political development of France since [the French Revolution of] 1789, for 50 years the position of Paris has been such that
...the last stronghold of the bourgeoisie, the National Assembly. The Second Empire opened the exploitation of France by a gang of political and financial adve
...
145 KB (24,226 words) - 20:06, 3 April 2024
...itical organization established in 1899 proposing an "integral nation" for French society through [[class collaboration]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Ernst Nolte|
...ascism was constructed out of an admiration and romanticization of [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Roman civilisation]], which originated in modern-day Italy.
...
65 KB (9,306 words) - 10:35, 7 May 2024
...lia for the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British Empire]] according to the ''terra nullius'' (nobody's land) principle, ignoring th
...d of Tasmania, which was inhabited by 5,000 people, initially to deter any French claims on the land. Gradually a colony was established, which came into a v
...
39 KB (5,625 words) - 09:00, 19 October 2023
...lane, and in 1871 in at least three different translations in America. The French version first appeared in Paris shortly before the June insurrection of 184
...o the various opposition parties in various countries. Precisely [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]] and the United States are missing here. It was the tim
...
112 KB (17,965 words) - 15:20, 15 April 2024
| nationality = [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian]]</br>[[Soviet Union|Soviet]]
| birth_place = Simbirsk, [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]]
...
92 KB (14,086 words) - 19:07, 5 March 2024
...embers of the Constituent Assembly and eight Communists are members of the French Ministry, including Maurice Thorez, Secretary of the Communist Party.
...Thaelman, German Communist leader murdered by the Nazis. They remember the French Communist editor of L’Humanité, Gabriel Peri, whose death words were: “If i
...
44 KB (7,358 words) - 20:03, 18 October 2021
...guage|Chinese]] languages, particularly in the face of the imposition of [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese imperialism]].<ref name=":0" /> For example,
...r that the creators Ido (during the foundation of the Delegation) were the French representatives of Ido, Louis Couturat and Louis de Beaufront (then represe
...
92 KB (13,589 words) - 08:03, 8 November 2023
...n ushered in the political collapse. But how different the two looked! The French were in open combat against all official science, against the church and of
...c was real, but so was the Roman Empire, which superseded it. In 1789, the French monarchy had become so unreal, that is to say, so robbed of all necessity,
...
107 KB (17,725 words) - 15:10, 15 April 2024
...a|DPRK]].<ref name="North Korea: State of Paranoia">{{Textcite|author=Paul French|year=2014|title=North Korea: state of paranoia|pdf=|publisher=Zed Books|isb
...argue its success by noting that Koreans played a key role in defeating [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese imperialism]], forced the [[Korean War|U.S. t
...
56 KB (8,572 words) - 19:12, 18 March 2024
...ding of the ores was effected by stamping mills. <sup>[17]</sup> The Roman Empire had handed down the elementary form of all machinery in the water-wheel. <s
...arnier, his French translator and commentator, who, under the first French Empire, quite naturally developed into a senator, quite as naturally opposes him o
...
64 KB (10,517 words) - 20:31, 12 February 2023
...hts of Ethnic groups and nations in Ethiopia of the Derg and the Ethiopian Empire. As a result, the “National and Regional Self-Government Establishment Proc
...ettlers) from various ethnic groups to forcefully occupy territory for the empire. While Ethiopia did not have pogroms like Tsarist Russia, it did have inden
...
96 KB (13,806 words) - 19:56, 2 November 2023
...ition. Is it a dishonor for the tribes which were melted together into the French nation to have given up and lost their identity? Certainly not! That they d
...f the early Christians, unconcerned about the general affairs of the Roman Empire, occupied themselves only with themselves and their own souls, always liste
...
42 KB (7,491 words) - 21:37, 30 September 2021
| p23 = [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]] (portion)
...ic (1870–1940)|France]], the [[United States of America|United States]], [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]], [[Republic of Poland (1918–1939)|Poland]], an
...
84 KB (11,389 words) - 20:37, 2 March 2024
This was also the start of the Hearst newspaper empire, an empire which strongly influenced the lives and thinking of North Americans. After
...s all over the world. The figures quoted above demonstrate how the Hearst empire was able to influence American politics, and indeed world politics, over ve
...
78 KB (12,554 words) - 02:40, 29 September 2023
Some may have believed that the rise of the empire to the status of the sole superpower, with a military and technological mig
Our country supported the Algerian patriots in their struggle against French colonialism, at the cost of damaging political and economic relations with
...
33 KB (5,474 words) - 10:51, 28 September 2023
...t deserves profound gratitude, this position was defended in the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian]] press by Mr. V. Kosovsky, in No. 8 of the Bund’s ''In
...nd the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|Anglo]] [[French Republic (1870–1940)|Franco]]-Russian. [[Georgi Plekhanov|Plekhanov]], [[Ka
...
94 KB (15,029 words) - 00:33, 7 July 2023
| empire = yes
A modern [[United States imperialism|empire]], the United States sit at the center of a group of [[Imperial core|imperi
...
118 KB (17,387 words) - 22:14, 20 February 2024
...at the territory of the future Bulgaria would fall away from the Byzantine Empire, [[Byzantium]] opposed the Bulgarians. The clash between the Bulgarians and
...d Western Kirov with the East and [[Kievan Rus|Russia]] with the Byzantine Empire contributed to the growth of the Bulgarian trade. The economic importance o
...
117 KB (17,750 words) - 17:40, 17 January 2024
...at the data excludes the independence war been US settlers and the British empire, any military deployments between 1776 and 1798, excludes the deployment of
...nts of 1954]], which speeded Washington’s take-over of French interests in French Indo-China.<ref name=":14">Anna Louise Strong. ''[https://archive.org/detai
...
98 KB (14,184 words) - 10:34, 8 February 2024
| p17 = [[French Republic (1870–1940)| France (portion)]]
...(1918–1938)|Czechoslovak]] border. At the Munich Conference, Britain and [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]] divided Czechoslovakia and gave its Sudeten r
...
77 KB (10,958 words) - 23:22, 13 April 2024
...ce in war, by the [[United States of America|United States]] against the [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 du
...[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]], [[French Republic|France]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Republic of Indi
...
36 KB (5,555 words) - 13:15, 20 August 2023
...ngels]] of April 16, 1856, in which he wrote: “The whole thing in [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]] will depend on the possibility of backing the [[prole
...g, Laura Lafargue and Jenny Longuet. The latters’ son is a member of the [[French Socialist Party]].
...
104 KB (16,015 words) - 18:47, 18 July 2023
...Holy League against France, and with the assistance of the Swiss drove the French out of Italy, Florence lay at the mercy of the Pope, and had to submit to h
...n its ruin was now at hand. In that year the battle of Pavia destroyed the French rule in Italy, and left Francis I a prisoner in the hands of his great riva
...
205 KB (36,864 words) - 11:29, 8 July 2023
...curity by bolder and stronger rivals. It was a revolution beside which the French Revolution was child’s play, a world struggle beside which the struggles of
...ure at first associated with it. The last centuries of the declining Roman Empire and its conquest by the barbarians destroyed a number of productive forces;
...
150 KB (24,435 words) - 15:18, 15 April 2024
...eld anywhere near enough gold to back up this expansion of the dollar. The French President Charles de Gaulle pointed this out in 1965, triggering a run on t
...om the EU over Trump’s position on Russia. In this, it succeeded, with the French President Emmanuel Macron stating that ‘we don’t mind becoming six’. The se
...
95 KB (15,886 words) - 21:48, 10 October 2023
...e. Christianity as a mass religion really began in the cities of the Roman empire among the poor, and incorporated elements of collectivism and hatred of the
...he hands of the marauding occupation army as well as heavy taxation by the French nobility.
...
57 KB (9,221 words) - 22:30, 2 March 2024
...Kingdom, founding a new regime known as the ''Daehanjeguk'' or "Great Han Empire" (Korean: 대한제국; Hanja: 大韓帝國) in 1897, with himself as emperor. The name "Da
...eral public, the name Choson was a more familiar country name than "Daehan Empire" which had only lasted for about 10 years, and "Daehan" was the name of the
...
107 KB (15,715 words) - 06:24, 27 April 2024
...ne of cannibalistic hysteria that I have been privileged to witness in the French National Assembly.
Before the arrival of the French in their country, the Vietnamese were people of an old culture, exquisite a
...
82 KB (13,999 words) - 20:33, 17 March 2024
A section of great importance is “Critical Battle against French Materialism” in which Marx, briefly outlining the development of materialis
The French Socialists maintain that the worker makes everything, produces everything a
...
169 KB (27,920 words) - 15:13, 15 April 2024
...state of things. To the thinker, the most tragic fact in the whole of the French Revolution is not that Marie Antoinette was killed for being a queen, but t
...ble were the endless claims upon him! He staggered under the burden of the empire. He was conscious how inadequate one man was to bear the weight of that Tit
...
79 KB (14,444 words) - 21:54, 25 April 2024
...for their social and political supremacy embraced forty-eight, that of the French middle classes forty years of unexampled struggles? And was their triumph e
...y which the English bourgeoisie has enjoyed ever since 1688, and which the French conquered in 1789. And yet, ever since 1815, the wealth, and with the wealt
...
238 KB (39,625 words) - 01:42, 28 September 2023
...has gone farthest. Most of the fighting by which we have won our Indian Empire has been done by natives; in India, as more recently in Egypt, great standi
...t he will be lunching with the Lord Mayor. If one compares this with the French, one realises, what a revolution is good for, after all.”[10] In a letter,
...
35 KB (5,391 words) - 16:42, 7 April 2024
...tion =First edition of ''Socialism: utopian and scientific'', published in French in 1880
...ocialisme scientifique, Paris, 1880. A rendering into Polish made from the French translation has just appeared in Geneva and bears the title: Socyjalizm uto
...
162 KB (26,448 words) - 15:10, 15 April 2024
...lly in the sphere of political life, just as the ''citoyen'' [‘citizen’ in French, ''i.e.'', the participant in ''political'' life] only sophistically remain
...they have among those who ''discovered'' them, the North Americans and the French. These rights of man are, in part, ''political'' rights, rights which can o
...
76 KB (12,421 words) - 19:06, 4 April 2024
...cialism espoused by Marx and Engels? War communism was greeted by a devout French Catholic, Pierre Pascal, then in Moscow, as a “unique and intoxicating perf
...confirmed by the recurrent crises of overproduction. This deeply Christian French philosopher, also inclined to populism, recognised the country that emerged
...
58 KB (9,197 words) - 13:15, 2 May 2024
...ion founded a school I am amazed to read, in the latest (1970) book by the French technician René Dumont, Cuba'': Is It Socia1ist?'' “The Indians were not to
...g-breeder, triumphantly entered Cuzco in 1533 and seized the heart of Inca empire In 1540 Pedro de Valdivia crossed the Atacama desert and founded Santiago d
...
115 KB (19,361 words) - 17:02, 7 March 2024
...s of a historical minimum (Marx noted that English workers need beer while French proletarians need wine) – i.e. a historically variable minimum.
...he order established by class domination. They also learn to ‘speak proper French’, to ‘handle’ the workers correctly, i.e. actually (for the future capitali
...
111 KB (18,104 words) - 21:08, 10 October 2023
...the campaign of 1815. Subsequently, and especially in the past few years, French literature has made an end of the Napoleon legend with the weapons of histo
...with a concise, epigrammatic exposition that laid bare the whole course of French history since the February days in its inner interconnection, reduced the m
...
241 KB (39,859 words) - 20:04, 3 April 2024
...yramids of Egypt, the splendours of Ancient Greece, the empires of [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Rome]] or the [[Realm of the Four Parts (1438–1533)|Incas]]
For example, under the Roman Empire there were many ideas about how to produce more crops from a given amount o
...
154 KB (26,174 words) - 01:19, 5 May 2024
The [[French Republic|French]] revisionist leaders proposed to their 23rd Congress, held in May 1979, th
...in [[Germany]], the [[Anarchism|anarchist]] ideas of Bakunin in [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]] and elsewhere, and so on. This phenomenon appeared aga
...
379 KB (61,205 words) - 17:52, 29 September 2023
...nates, not from myself but from Marx, and can be found in his works on the French Revolution of 1848–9, published in the same review, and in his ''Eighteenth
...8. The bourgeoisie became frightened, not so much by the German, as by the French proletariat. The battle of June, 1848, in Paris, showed the bourgeoisie wha
...
263 KB (43,618 words) - 01:44, 28 September 2023
Zhou Enlai, after graduating from Tianjin Nankai School in 1917, went to [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]] to study and began to come into contact with [
...Marxism in prison. Released from prison in July. In November, he went to [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]] for a work-study program.{{Citation needed}}
...
42 KB (6,641 words) - 21:16, 26 June 2023
...re can be no doubt that attempts were made to mislead both the British and French Governments and that these Governments in their turn tried to mislead publi
...nt was ready to discuss the necessary measures with representatives of the French and Czechoslovak War Departments.
...
258 KB (42,319 words) - 01:12, 4 May 2024
...ly different. The guerrilla warfare conducted by the Moroccans against the French and the Spanish was not exactly similar to that which we conduct today in C
...and, in combination with regular troops, carried out counterattacks on the French rear, pursuing and defeating them. The army of the heroic Napoleon was almo
...
110 KB (18,318 words) - 02:34, 28 September 2023
...of production. It is one of the secrets of the conservation of the Ottoman Empire. If the foreign trade, forced upon Japan by Europeans, should lead to the s
...
99 KB (17,129 words) - 15:50, 16 November 2022
...Vol. 8, Chinese ed., Hubei People's Publishing House, 1996, p. 243.</ref> French writer Victor Hugo said, "Things created are insignificant when compared wi
...peror Kangxi<ref group="notes14">Emperor Kangxi (1654-1722) ruled the Qing empire from 1661 to 1722.</ref> was very interested in Western science and technol
...
47 KB (7,253 words) - 16:21, 24 September 2023
...had accepted the Reformation. The Protestant countries were backed by the French kings, enemies of the Hapsburgs. Germany became the chief battlefield and o
...s of the working classes, as was shown, for example, by the history of the French revolutions of 1848 and 1871, and by the experience of “socialist” particip
...
243 KB (38,823 words) - 21:26, 26 March 2024
Frankfurt School critical theory has been—along with French theory—one of the hottest commodities of the global theory industry. Togeth
...Lonitz, trans. Didier Renault (Paris: Klincksieck: 2016), 146. I cite this French edition here and elsewhere because Adorno and Horkheimer’s complete corresp
...
69 KB (10,548 words) - 21:54, 30 September 2023
...e in its upkeep and border security. As such, due to the size of the Shang empire, reports, letters and communication from the king to his subordinates would
...on the western side of the Shang Empire, were a tributary community of the empire, with a mythological history of their own. Their early history involves a c
...
305 KB (50,647 words) - 04:02, 25 March 2024
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744 to 1829) was a French naturalist who suggested that organisms changed and change was inherited. H
...of the monastery in Brünn (or Brno) which was then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and is now in the Czech Republic.
...
54 KB (9,182 words) - 22:03, 2 March 2024
...osophy'' in the French socialist newspaper ''L'Égalité'', the organ of the French Workers' Party, but only the foreword and section one of Chapter One were p
...in 1876, as well as the corrections made by Frederick Engels in the second French edition and the German editions of 1885 and 1892. The first English edition
...
307 KB (51,910 words) - 20:04, 3 April 2024
...He studied the latest books on the subject – including those of [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian]] historian Maxim Kovalevsky. (The fourth edition, Stut
...orfattern gennemgaaet Udgave, besorget af Gerson Trier, Kobenhavn, 1888. A French translation by Henri Rave, based on the present German edition, is on the p
...
359 KB (61,192 words) - 15:11, 15 April 2024
...1917), it might have seemed that the enormous difference between [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|backward Russia]] and the advanced countries of Western Europe
...the [[Second International]], such as [[Karl Kautsky|Kautsky]] in [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]] and [[Otto Bauer]] and [[Friedrich Adler]] in [[Repub
...
208 KB (33,015 words) - 14:34, 9 July 2023
...lic of Vietnam (1955–1975)|South Vietnam]] the former imperial power was [[French Republic (1946–1958)|France]], but neo-colonial control of the State has no
...[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Dutch]] to retain any of their former colonial empire.
...
517 KB (82,433 words) - 16:25, 3 March 2024
...explain that the influence of the Declaration of the Rights of Man of the French Revolution was a factor that greatly influenced the thought of Latin Americ
...of mankind, of the history of Greece especially, of Rome. The whole Roman Empire developed with that social system as a base. Men were then divided into sla
...
213 KB (37,101 words) - 01:29, 3 October 2023
...ethod of production so archaic, so — as we see from the poets of the Roman Empire — pre-christian, as baking. But capital, as was said earlier, is at first i
The ''Bury Guardian'' said, on the completion of the French treaty, that “10,000 additional hands could be absorbed by Lancashire, and
...
131 KB (22,176 words) - 00:19, 13 February 2023
...pecial anti-militarist propaganda which was to extend throughout the whole Empire, and conjointly with it the setting up a Central Committee for conducting a
...osal of the Railway Companies.</ref> and the workers’ blood was spilt. The French Railway strike of 1910 has become a classical example. Briand challenged th
...
379 KB (61,832 words) - 22:19, 2 May 2024
...pital in French-controlled Algeria. Witnessing first-hand the brutality of empire and of the Algerian war of independence, Fanon became a passionate advocate
...e of an Antillean, our observations and conclusions are valid only for the French Antilles—at least regarding the black man ''on his home territory.'' A stud
...
337 KB (59,367 words) - 20:46, 24 January 2024
...Britain, unchallenged mistress of the sea, held a vast and ever-expanding empire; the lusty United States, growing like a bay tree, had already, almost unno
...g its spectacular course of transforming itself into a powerful capitalist empire. Reinforcing all these evidences of capitalist health, strength, and growth
...
425 KB (69,331 words) - 02:39, 11 October 2023
...signal for Algeria to launch her struggle. And in 1960–1961, the defeat of French imperialism in Algeria unleashed the great tide of African revolution.
...he guerrillas in the mountains, the army of liberation, did not defeat the French army militarily: it was the whole population supported by the guerrilla arm
...
390 KB (64,218 words) - 20:28, 24 January 2024
...ed for unnumbered years. And such principles were even more distasteful to French, Spanish or Papal patrons of Irish schools of learning on the Continent tha
...itnessed the spectacle of the new republican Irish exiles fighting for the French Revolution, and the sons of the old aristocratic Irish exiles fighting unde
...
309 KB (52,254 words) - 18:35, 5 May 2024
...exposed to interactions with other cultures, as part of the wider Ottoman empire. Secondly, being open to change and modernization, Palestine began to devel
...demand more autonomy within, and eventually independence from, the Ottoman Empire.
...
353 KB (57,628 words) - 21:20, 23 April 2024
...rnment, proposing, after the victory was achieved, to dismember the German Empire and destroy the Central Powers. These treaties have never been denied nor r
...
69 KB (12,648 words) - 21:50, 30 September 2023
...in C so that instead of printing “Hello World” in English it prints it in French. The change would be simple; here is the new program:<syntaxhighlight lang=
...X window system as well. After this we will add a portable Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other things, plus on-line documentati
...
75 KB (12,762 words) - 00:38, 18 June 2023
...memories of the horrors that relatives and friends had faced in [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Czarist Russia]] before the [[Russian revolution of 1917|1917 r
Although [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|French]] missionary Joseph Francois Lafitau condemned Two-Spirit people he found a
...
280 KB (46,897 words) - 17:05, 30 January 2024
...ed from hunter-gatherer groups to the urban societies of our era. The Wari Empire (500-1000 CE) is the oldest. However, before the Inca or Quechua culture ar
...kilometers of border areas with Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana within four years. There is a special reinforcement of the border wi
...
415 KB (63,678 words) - 15:35, 5 April 2024
...ublished in Geneva in 1915 and translated at the same time into German and French<ref>Reference is to the pamphlet ''Socialism and War'' (''The Attitude of t
...d have ridiculed the vulgar petty bourgeois, the “Social-Democrat” (in the French sense of the forties and the general European sense of 1914–18), who took i
...
207 KB (33,135 words) - 01:49, 28 September 2023
...rful movements for national liberation are striking blows against the U.S. empire. And the socialist countries are thriving, providing beacons of hope to the
...in G.W.F. Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach; and from the most advanced ideas of French socialism.
...
335 KB (54,081 words) - 00:24, 29 September 2023
...lso the possibility that the day may come when the diabolic, hypocritical, empire-building, unprincipled policy in the imperialist-militarist spirit, pursued
...the European Common Market. Hence we observe that both the British and the French governments speak of friendship and relations with China, but they do not f
...
602 KB (97,076 words) - 17:52, 29 September 2023
{{Library work|title=Against Empire|image=File:Against Empire Cover.jpg|published_date=1995-05|type=Book|caption=The cover art, Unfinishe
'''''Against Empire''''' is a short, 100-page book written by [[United States of America|States
...
383 KB (60,209 words) - 09:10, 28 February 2024
...to the memory of Georges Politzer could not, less than ever, separate the French patriot of the communist philosopher.
...be surprised by the abundance of examples taken from the daily life of the French, who fight for bread and freedom, for national independence and peace. <ref
...
1,023 KB (167,550 words) - 22:44, 29 September 2023
...al fortunes, sufficient in themselves to supply a public loan to uphold an Empire, or a republic overthrown with as much rapidity. All complain that business
...s immediately influenced Rodbertus. He was thus familiar with contemporary French writings against the classical school, though perhaps less so with the far
...
883 KB (146,208 words) - 02:47, 28 September 2023
...archy and its underlings – went to war against the Vietnamese people. This French war against Vietnam would run from 1946 to 1954, and then the mantle of war
...at the Nazis are back to kill them. His comrades say that he is crazy. The French tanks open fire. The Africans are all slaughtered.
...
281 KB (46,614 words) - 16:47, 16 January 2024
and culturally powerful empire that has ever existed. Young cadres must be well
...nder French colonial rule, about 90% of Vietnamese were illiterate and the French aimed to indoctrinate
...
792 KB (121,129 words) - 05:08, 28 December 2023
...r exploiters. The Chartist movement in England in the 1830s and 1840s, the French workers’ uprisings in 1831 and 1834, the weavers’ uprising in Silesia (Germ
...there exists a limitless void in which they move; that—as the 17th-century French materialist Gassendi wrote<span class="calibre">—</span>outside atoms there
...
664 KB (106,628 words) - 19:25, 5 November 2023
...eighth grade. Perhaps I should go back to France, live there and become a French citizen? After all, I hadn’t seen any Jim Crow there.
...e the city was founded. Jean Baptiste Pointe DuSable, a Black trapper from French Canada, was the first settler. Later came fugitive slaves, and after the Ci
...
640 KB (110,312 words) - 18:04, 5 March 2024
...nce to the royalists, who proved incapable of drawing any lessons from the French Revolution of the late 18th century.</ref> This is an infantile disease whi
...orks that were still current at the time, was prohibited within the German Empire immediately after the Anti-Socialist Law<ref group="p">The ''Anti-Socialist
...
782 KB (130,738 words) - 15:11, 15 April 2024
...planes. At the present time (as is now evident), the English Fabians, the French Ministerialists, the German Bernsteinians, and the Russian Critics – all be
...Why should he not personally take part in greeting the tsar, for whom the French socialists now have no other name than hero of the gallows, knout, and exil
...
401 KB (64,193 words) - 15:15, 15 April 2024
...he refashioning of Iraqi political life and its oil industry. Every single empire in its official discourse has said that it is not like all the others, that
...lized jargon of policy expertise. You don't need Arabic or Persian or even French to pontificate about how the democracy domino effect is just what the Arab
...
972 KB (156,153 words) - 17:01, 7 March 2024
The US empire currently maintains an [[Imperialism|imperialist]] network of over 800 mili
...ucture, the invasions, the coups, that the United States, on its quest for empire, has been responsible for 6,000,000 deaths'''.''' The CIA retaliated by sui
...
233 KB (36,926 words) - 07:54, 7 December 2021
So, according to the French newspaper Le Monde, the Communist Party of the Philippines has just been `s
...Having a record of half a century of crimes in the service of the British Empire (Boer War in South Africa, terror in India, inter-imperialist First World W
...
729 KB (113,500 words) - 22:49, 18 February 2024
...e region that provided a modern Western-style education, learning English, French, German, and much else. It was an unusual trajectory for a young man from a
...usalem to the short-lived Ottoman parliament established in 1876 under the empire’s new constitution, earning Sultan ‘Abd al-Hamid’s enmity because he suppor
...
753 KB (119,672 words) - 01:34, 1 December 2023
...France, had hardly any. In 1914 those four powers had acquired a colonial empire of 14,100,000 square kilometers, or approximately one and a half times grea
...hes and launches a “Buy Italian” campaign to match the “Buy British,” “Buy French,” etc. movements. This “economic nationalism” cannot lessen, but must inten
...
471 KB (75,752 words) - 10:52, 28 September 2023
...Heirs of the World’s Revolutions by Thomas Sankara, a booklet published in French in 2001 and in English the following year containing five of the speeches a
...ary struggle from the birth of capitalism to today – from the American and French revolutions at the end of the eighteenth century to the great October Revol
...
573 KB (97,947 words) - 16:04, 25 February 2024
...rallel to the small colonialist minds that held sway over the vast British empire of his own day.
== ''1 - Gentlemen's History: Empire, Class, and Patriarchy'' ==
...
420 KB (66,841 words) - 01:05, 21 February 2024
[W]e imagine we know all about the French social order of that time, for the good reason that its surface glitter hol
...0004.html#fm1-ftn1a|1]] Alexis de Tocqueville, ''The Ancien Régime and the French Revolution'', trans. Stuart Gilbert, London: Fontana, 1966, p. 24.
...
1.09 MB (170,511 words) - 10:49, 5 November 2023
...the Spanish Republic. A crucial source, Navarro writes, was the financial empire of Joan March, founder of the Liberal Party and owner of a liberal newspape
...of this and related points, see my book ''[[Library:Against Empire|Against Empire]]'' (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1995), chapter 4.</ref>
...
325 KB (50,851 words) - 00:35, 9 November 2023
...y that their claim under William the Conqueror is a very honourable one. A French bastard landing with an armed banditti, and establishing himself king of En
...ithheld the other; to America only hath she been liberal of both. The vast empire of Russia is almost shut out from the sea: wherefore, her boundless forests
...
121 KB (21,597 words) - 11:01, 28 September 2023
...n the other side and initiated two years earlier. In November of 1939, the French press published a fabricated speech (supposedly delivered before the Politb
...English military scholar reaches the same conclusions: the reason for the French defeat lies “not in the quantity or quality of their resources, but in thei
...
861 KB (135,856 words) - 13:30, 5 April 2024
Gobineau(1816-1882), a French diplomat who theoretically systematized racist theory defined the white as
...efore the British bourgeois revolution since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.
...
605 KB (99,621 words) - 03:47, 9 May 2024
...and how they were built.1 To the contrary: over the next half century, the French army and police slaughtered quite a number of Malagasy who objected too str
...subject peoples. The U.S. government, of course, insists that it is not an empire--but one could easily make a case that the only reason it insists on treati
...
1.15 MB (198,624 words) - 22:52, 13 March 2024
...r homeland. Ironically, the Israeli enemy, powerless, escorted us with his French and American planes.
...who came in close contact with European thought and writers at British and French universities. Students and reformers were the first to espouse the national
...
370 KB (63,761 words) - 03:26, 9 May 2024
...uggle. In 1900, tsarist troops together with Japanese, German, British and French troops suppressed with unparalleled cruelty an uprising of the Chinese peop
...ially the workers, for otherwise it will be easier for the workers, as the French say, 'to hitch the rifle from one shoulder to the other,' ''i.e.,'' to turn
...
901 KB (146,313 words) - 03:11, 5 March 2024
...do not get married and produced children), and next by colonialism, as the French imposed Western prejudices and intolerances on us for many decades.
...Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] repealed old [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|tsarist]] laws against homosexuality. The 1922 and 1926 crimina
...
130 KB (19,520 words) - 13:49, 22 November 2023
...e of a ‘Christian’ Palestine that they wanted to pry away from the Ottoman Empire. The more religious among the aspirants in the West regarded the return of
...d a large chunk of Palestine’ Ben-Gurion told those he had summoned to the French capital. Like generations of Israeli leaders after him, up to Ariel Sharon
...
706 KB (116,035 words) - 21:46, 16 November 2023
...rush the Haitian Revolution, itself inspired by the French Revolution. The French regime could not allow its lucrative Santo Domingo to go free, and would no
...ut they returned home empty-handed. <sup>2</sup> As a sleight of hand, the French government tried to maintain sovereignty over its colonies by repackaging t
...
939 KB (148,703 words) - 19:13, 25 January 2024
...Black president, Barack Obama, inherited the mantle of a white supremacist empire. As global temperatures continued rising, Obama committed to curbing carbon
...alatable.<ref group="Origins">See Heidi Kiiwetinepinesiik Stark, “Criminal Empire: The Making of the Savage Land,” ''Theory and Event'' 19:4, 2016.</ref> Ora
...
579 KB (90,215 words) - 01:57, 10 December 2023
...ates enemy territory and identifies the Indian as the original enemy of US empire. It was in Indian Country at the Battle of Wabash, in 1791, that Little Tur
...ota, 2011), xxxv.</ref> Indians are the original Red Scare, and enemies of empire are always made Indian, whether in Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan, or anywhere
...
345 KB (54,423 words) - 01:46, 13 December 2023
...imperialist fronts to safeguard the staggering profits of the British and French capitalists.
...ed the sympathy and support of the oppressed peoples of the former Russian Empire. But to win the sympathy and support of these peoples it had first of all t
...
211 KB (34,146 words) - 12:28, 30 April 2024
...in the Syrian capital of Damascus. The Maronites, long the favored ally of French power and influence in the region, now had to concede that Lebanon was not
...r “deviating” from the path of Sunni Islam. Over the course of the Ottoman Empire, which ruled Lebanon and Syria more or less effectively for more than four
...
378 KB (59,742 words) - 23:28, 9 March 2024
...20s to the McCarthyism of the 1950s to the Reagan Crusade against the Evil Empire of the 1980s, the American people have been subjected to a relentless anti-
...shed and circulated freely in Britain, were banned in the British colonial empire, and after Ghana became independent it was assumed abroad that it would con
...
1.42 MB (236,897 words) - 15:13, 17 March 2024
...new denials of the inevitability of progress. Ideals of the past—the Roman Empire, the Germanic gods, the feudal Britain featured by fascist-striving novels—
...ntury—classical German philosophy, classical English political economy and French revolutionary doctrines. The philosophic basis of Marxism is “dialectics,”
...
381 KB (63,890 words) - 23:40, 19 April 2024
...e bourgeois revolution, the old bourgeois revolution, I'm referring to the French Revolution, for example. The Church fiercely defended feudalism, and later,
...n America, his view is that the Soviets have no interest in disrupting the empire, or as they say, the relations between the U.S. and Latin America. This con
...
257 KB (44,713 words) - 23:58, 16 January 2024
...nd protecting the palaces and temples from the wrath of the enemies of the empire. The vision of this Cuzco emerges mournfully from the fortress destroyed by
...e minor dynasty of the Four Incas. This dynasty coexisted with the Spanish Empire until its last effeminate representative was assassinated in Cuzco’s main s
...
309 KB (55,445 words) - 02:58, 24 April 2024
...Council on Foreign Relations, Emerson College, Georgetown University, the Empire Salon, the National Press Club, the Nieman Fellows program at Harvard Unive
...Britain and France ended up dividing the relevant portions of the Ottoman Empire between themselves.<sup>7</sup>
...
967 KB (156,985 words) - 21:10, 23 April 2024
...ng Cambodia and Laos, rechristening the entire region as French Indochina. French rubber production in Vietnam yielded such riches for the colonizers that th
...the Viet Minh—launched a guerrilla war against the Japanese forces and the French administrators running the country. Under the leadership of the charismatic
...
992 KB (152,619 words) - 22:36, 24 January 2024
...an integral science. The book was translated into many languages (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, etc.).
...ightenment, was imprisoned in the Bastille, and another eighteenth-century French materialist philosopher, Diderot, was also sent to prison.
...
1.92 MB (313,362 words) - 16:40, 16 February 2024
Under this system, as the French socialist theoretician Charles Bettelheim rightly observes, the central "pl
...y" for its "arrogance" and its "conceit," which drive it to "sell off [the French is 'brader' -- literally, to hold a garage or sidewalk sale] and to appropr
...
367 KB (58,468 words) - 17:52, 29 September 2023
...s of military occupation, and frustration breeds brutality and repression. French repression of entire Spanish towns in the Napoleonic Wars proved as little
...yen Giap drew lessons from the history of the Vietnamese resistance to the French and Japanese to extend the international revolutionary appeal of a “people’
...
1.21 MB (192,471 words) - 22:04, 24 January 2024
