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The '''North Atlantic Treaty Organisation''', more often called '''NATO''', is an anticommunist international military treaty created in the [[imperial core]] following [[World War II]].
{{Infobox settlement|image_map=North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization_(orthographic_projection)_in_NATO_blue.svg.webp|conventional_long_name=North Atlantic Treaty Organization|official_languages=English<br>French|native_name=Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord|capital_type=Headquarters|capital=Brussels, [[Belgium]]|established_event1=Formation|established_date1=4 April 1949|image_flag=Flag of NATO.png|image_coat=NATO logo.svg|coa_size=150|map_width=320px}}


Its original aim was to defend bourgeois republics against a possible Soviet liberation of Europe. When this reality never materialized, NATO moved to funding anticommunist (more often fascist) acts in Europe and abroad.
The '''North Atlantic Treaty Organization''', more often called '''NATO''', is the largest terrorist organization in the world, presenting itself as a "military alliance".<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Communist Party of Turkey]]|title=NATO ile mücadele ertelenemez|date=2023-07-11|url=https://www.tkp.org.tr/aciklamalar/nato-ile-mucadele-ertelenemez/|retrieved=2023-07-18|quote=Dünyanın en büyük terör örgütü NATO’nun bir ülkeyi daha içine alarak genişlemesi artık an meselesi. (English: It is only a matter of time before NATO, the world's largest terrorist organization, expands by incorporating another country.)}}</ref> It began as an [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] international military treaty created in the [[imperial core]] following the [[Second World War]]<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=NATO is a tool of US imperialism that has backed Nazis for decades|date=2022-06-14|url=https://youtu.be/Maqkl4fEQfs}}</ref> and includes most [[Imperialism|imperialist]] states in [[Europe]] and [[North America]].<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|author=John Catalinotto|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=A short history of NATO|date=2018-07-16|url=https://www.workers.org/2018/07/38222/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626141139/https://www.workers.org/2018/07/38222/|archive-date=2022-06-26|retrieved=2022-12-23}}</ref>
 
Its original aim was to defend [[Dictatorship of the bourgeoisie|bourgeois republics]] against a possible [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] "invasion" (aka liberation) of [[Europe]]. When this did not occur, NATO moved to funding anti-communist (more often [[Fascism|fascist]]) acts in Europe and abroad. In 1955, the Soviet Union formed the [[Warsaw Pact]] to protect itself and its allies from NATO.<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|author=Sara Flounders|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=NATO’s global history of reaction|date=2022-04-04|url=https://www.workers.org/2022/04/63075/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822120013/https://www.workers.org/2022/04/63075/|archive-date=2022-08-22|retrieved=2022-09-04}}</ref>
 
NATO has started wars in [[Afghanistan]], [[Iraq]], [[Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libya]], and [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]], causing about a million deaths and creating 38 million refugees.<ref name=":1" /> Its commanders are always appointed by the [[President of the United States|U.S. president]], and it is an arm of [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]].<ref name=":3" /> In the event of a war, the U.S. commander has the power to suspend civilian laws and enact a dictatorship over most of Europe.<ref>{{Citation|author=Stephen Gowans|year=2018|title=Patriots, Traitors and Empires: The Story of Korea’s Struggle for Freedom|chapter=Imperialism|page=49|pdf=https://ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaced4iiga4ngtxusr2civjxewbili5jne2sbpefbx2s3im2kphattzc?filename=Stephen%20Gowans%20-%20Patriots%2C%20Traitors%20and%20Empires_%20The%20Story%20of%20Korea%E2%80%99s%20Struggle%20for%20Freedom-Baraka%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=Montreal|publisher=Baraka Books|isbn=9781771861427|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=8435F6FF91279531705764823FDC2A7F}}</ref>
 
NATO was described by Chinese Defense Ministry spokesman, Wu Qian as, “a walking war machine” in response to provocative statements towards the [[People's Republic of China]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=RT|title=NATO a ‘walking war machine’ – China|date=2024-01-25|url=https://www.rt.com/news/591290-nato-war-machine-chaos-china/}}</ref>


== Members ==
== Members ==
The 12 founding members of NATO were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.<ref name=":0">https://archive.vn/wip/ogQgV</ref>
[[File:NATO expansion.png|thumb|NATO expansion after the fall of the Warsaw Pact]]
The 12 founding members of NATO were [[Belgium]], [[Canada]], [[Kingdom of Denmark|Denmark]], [[France]], [[Iceland]], [[Italy]], [[Luxembourg]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Kingdom of Norway|Norway]], [[Portugal]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|title=NATO member countries|url=https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52044.htm|date=2023-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116162014/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52044.htm|archive-date=2024-01-16|retrieved=2024-01-17}}</ref> Since that time, other countries have joined the alliance: [[Greece]] and [[Turkey]] (1952), [[Germany]] (1955), [[Spain]] (1982), the [[Czech Republic]], [[Hungary]] and [[Poland]] (1999), [[Bulgaria]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Romania]], [[Slovakia]] and [[Slovenia]] (2004), [[Albania]] and [[Croatia]] (2009), [[Montenegro]] (2017),  [[Republic of North Macedonia|North Macedonia]] (2020), [[Finland]] (2023) and [[Sweden]] (2024).<ref name=":0" />


Since that time, other countries have joined the alliance: Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia (2004), Albania and Croatia (2009), Montenegro (2017) and North Macedonia (2020)<ref name=":0" />.
In 1990, U.S. Secretary of State [[James Baker]] claimed NATO would not expand into [[Eastern Europe]],<ref>{{Citation|author=[[James Baker]], [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachyov]]|year=1990|title=Memorandum of conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and James Baker in Moscow|page=6|title-url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/16116-document-05-memorandum-conversation-between|publisher=National Security Archive|pdf=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/sites/default/files/documents/4325679/Document-05-Memorandum-of-conversation-between.pdf|quote=Baker: We understand the need for assurances to the countries in the East. If we maintain a presence in Germany that is part of NATO, there would be no extension of NATO's jurisdiction for forces of NATO one inch to the east.}}</ref> although it did anyway,<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=National Security Archive|title=NATO Expansion: What Gorbachev Heard|url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/russia-programs/2017-12-12/nato-expansion-what-gorbachev-heard-western-leaders-early}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Eugene Puryear]]|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Should we really blame NATO for the Ukraine war?|date=2022-06-05|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/should-we-really-blame-nato-for-the-ukraine-war/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011074105/https://www.liberationnews.org/should-we-really-blame-nato-for-the-ukraine-war/|archive-date=2022-10-11|retrieved=2022-10-22}}</ref> and 14 countries in Central and Eastern Europe joined NATO after the [[overthrow of the Soviet Union]].<ref name=":1">{{News citation|author=[[Chris Hedges]]|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|title=Chris Hedges: NATO—The Most Dangerous Military Alliance on the Planet|date=2022-07-12|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/chris-hedges-nato-most-dangerous-military-alliance/281304/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721133324/https://www.mintpressnews.com/chris-hedges-nato-most-dangerous-military-alliance/281304/|archive-date=2022-07-21|retrieved=2022-07-26}}</ref>
 
[[Kingdom of Sweden|Sweden]] joined NATO in 2024. Turkish president [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] gave permission for them to join NATO after they expanded domestic terror laws and lifted restrictions on selling weapons to Turkey.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Romanian anti NATO poster.jpeg|thumb|235x235px|[[Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)|Romanian]] anti-NATO poster saying "[[Neo-fascism|New label]] on [[Fascism|old merchandise]]"]]
 
=== List of members ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!State
!Accession to NATO<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Albania.svg}} [[Albania]]
|1 April 2009
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Belgium.svg}} [[Kingdom of Belgium|Belgium]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Bulgarian flag.png}} [[Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
|29 March 2004
|-
|{{Flagicon|Canada.png}} [[Canada]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Croatia.svg}} [[Republic of Croatia|Croatia]]
|1 April 2009
|-
|{{Flagicon|Czech flag.png}} [[Czech Republic]]
|12 March 1999
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Denmark.png}} [[Kingdom of Denmark|Denmark]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Estonia.svg}} [[Republic of Estonia|Estonia]]
|29 March 2004
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Finland.svg}} [[Republic of Finland|Finland]]
|4 April 2023
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of France.svg}} [[French Republic|France]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Germany.svg}} [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]]
|6 May 1955
(West Germany)
 
3 October 1990
 
(Germany as a whole)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Greece.svg}} [[Hellenic Republic|Greece]]
|18 February 1952
|-
|{{Flagicon|Hungarian flag.png}} [[Hungary]]
|12 March 1999
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Iceland.svg}} [[Iceland]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Italian Republic|Italy]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Latvia.svg}} [[Republic of Latvia|Latvia]]
|29 March 2004
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Lithuania.svg}} [[Republic of Lithuania|Lithuania]]
|29 March 2004
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Luxembourg.png}} [[Grand Duchy of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Montenegro.svg}} [[Montenegro]]
|5 June 2017
|-
|{{Flagicon|Dutch flag.png}} [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|Founder (1993)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of North Macedonia.svg}} [[North Macedonia]]
|27 March 2020
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag_of_Norway.svg}} [[Kingdom of Norway|Norway]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Poland.svg}} [[Republic of Poland|Poland]]
|12 March 1999
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese Republic|Portugal]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Romania.png}} [[Romania]]
|29 March 2004
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Slovakia.svg}} [[Slovak Republic|Slovakia]]
|29 March 2004
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Slovenia.svg}} [[Republic of Slovenia|Slovenia]]
|29 March 2004
|-
|{{Flagicon|Spanish flag.png}} [[Kingdom of Spain|Spain]]
|30 May 1982
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Sweden.svg}} [[Sweden]]
|7 March 2024
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of Turkey.svg}} [[Republic of Türkiye|Turkey]]
|18 February 1952
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[United Kingdom]]
|Founder (1949)
|-
|{{Flagicon|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[United States of America|United States]]
|Founder (1949)
|}


== Anticommunist projects ==
== Anticommunist projects ==
NATO took over anti-Soviet subversive activities from their predecessors when they started operating Nazi general Richard Gehlen's network of spies in the Soviet Union.
NATO took over anti-Soviet subversive activities from their predecessors when they started operating [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi]] general [[Richard Gehlen]]'s network of spies in the Soviet Union.


NATO is perhaps best known among European communists for [[Operation Gladio]], which is a name given to a series of operations that consisted of funding fascist groups in Europe to assassinate and destabilize communists in the 20th century.
NATO is perhaps best known among European communists for [[Operation Gladio]], which is a name given to a series of operations that consisted of funding fascist groups in Europe to assassinate and destabilize communists in the 20th century. In 2022, a Spanish lawmaker [[Gerado Pisarello]] criticized NATO for promoting a [[New Cold War]] on [[People's Republic of China|China]].<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Spanish lawmaker: NATO subordinates Europe to US, pushes war on China, enriches weapons companies|date=2022-07-05|url=https://youtu.be/F4C6MKbhuZQ}}</ref>
 
NATO supported a right-wing military coup in Greece in 1967. It sent warships to Portugal in 1975 to repress the [[Proletariat|working class]] after the fall of the fascist [[Estado Novo]] regime.<ref name=":3" />


== Imperialist acts ==
== Imperialist acts ==
When the USA was attacked on September 11, 2001 and followed with a declaration of war against Iraq for imperialist interests, NATO -- by their own admission -- put their principle of collective defence to practice: if one member country is attacked, then all must join the war in defence. It is important to note that the government of Iraq never claimed responsibility or was ever tied to the terrorist attacks. Notably, president Bush admitted in 2006 that Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq in 2001, was not responsible for the attack<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/12/september11.usa2</ref>.
The Coalition fighting in Afghanistan, in a [[Afghanistan War|conflict]] that started in 1979 when the Afghan government asked the USSR to help fight against the [[Mujahideen]], was sent on the request of NATO.
 
NATO invaded and destroyed Iraq in 1991.<ref name=":2" />
 
NATO bombed [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]] and [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2006)|Serbia]] during the [[Yugoslav Wars]].<ref name=":1" /> This bombing violated NATO's own charter because Yugoslavia never attacked any NATO member.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=NATO's War Crimes|page=115–116|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref>
 
When the USA was attacked on [[9/11|September 11, 2001]] and followed with a declaration of [[Iraq War|war against Iraq]] for imperialist interests, NATO—by their own admission—put their principle of collective defence to practice: if one member country is attacked, then all must join the war in defense. It is important to note that the government of Iraq never claimed responsibility or was ever tied to the terrorist attacks. Notably, president Bush admitted in 2006 that Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq in 2001, was not responsible for the attack<ref>{{News citation|title=Bush: Saddam was not responsible for 9/11|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/12/september11.usa2|author=Suzanne Goldenberg|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=2006-09-12}}</ref>.
 
NATO invaded the [[Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]] in 2011, causing a complete collapse of the country.<ref name=":1" />
 
NATO backed Turkey's occupation of parts of [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]] and Iraq. Turkey has the second largest military of any NATO member.<ref name=":1" />


The Coalition fighting in Afghanistan, in a conflict that started in 1979 when the Afghan government asked the USSR to help fight against the Mujahideen, was sent on the request of NATO.
In June 2022, NATO announced it would increase its standing army in Europe from 40,000 to 300,000 troops, including over 3,000 troops in the [[Baltics|Baltic]] states on the border with [[Russian Federation|Russia]].<ref>{{News citation|author=Andre Damon|newspaper=[[World Socialist Web Site]]|title=NATO announces plan for massive European land army|date=2022-06-27|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/06/28/sosw-j28.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630011006/https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/06/28/sosw-j28.html|archive-date=2022-06-30|retrieved=2022-06-30}}</ref> NATO also added [[People's Republic of China|China]] to its list of enemies and labeled it a "systemic challenge."<ref>{{News citation|author=Sameena Rahman|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=NATO officially adds China to its list of enemies|date=2022-06-30|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/nato-officially-adds-china-to-its-list-of-enemies/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630223716/https://www.liberationnews.org/nato-officially-adds-china-to-its-list-of-enemies/|archive-date=2022-06-30|retrieved=2022-07-02}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Imperialist intergovernmental organizations]]

Latest revision as of 14:47, 15 June 2024

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord
Flag of North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Flag
Coat of arms of North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Coat of arms
Location of North Atlantic Treaty Organization
HeadquartersBrussels, Belgium
Official languagesEnglish
French
Establishment
• Formation
4 April 1949


The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, more often called NATO, is the largest terrorist organization in the world, presenting itself as a "military alliance".[1] It began as an anti-communist international military treaty created in the imperial core following the Second World War[2] and includes most imperialist states in Europe and North America.[3]

Its original aim was to defend bourgeois republics against a possible Soviet "invasion" (aka liberation) of Europe. When this did not occur, NATO moved to funding anti-communist (more often fascist) acts in Europe and abroad. In 1955, the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact to protect itself and its allies from NATO.[4]

NATO has started wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and Syria, causing about a million deaths and creating 38 million refugees.[5] Its commanders are always appointed by the U.S. president, and it is an arm of U.S. imperialism.[3] In the event of a war, the U.S. commander has the power to suspend civilian laws and enact a dictatorship over most of Europe.[6]

NATO was described by Chinese Defense Ministry spokesman, Wu Qian as, “a walking war machine” in response to provocative statements towards the People's Republic of China.[7]

Members[edit | edit source]

NATO expansion after the fall of the Warsaw Pact

The 12 founding members of NATO were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.[8] Since that time, other countries have joined the alliance: Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia (2004), Albania and Croatia (2009), Montenegro (2017), North Macedonia (2020), Finland (2023) and Sweden (2024).[8]

In 1990, U.S. Secretary of State James Baker claimed NATO would not expand into Eastern Europe,[9] although it did anyway,[10][11] and 14 countries in Central and Eastern Europe joined NATO after the overthrow of the Soviet Union.[5]

Sweden joined NATO in 2024. Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan gave permission for them to join NATO after they expanded domestic terror laws and lifted restrictions on selling weapons to Turkey.[5]

Romanian anti-NATO poster saying "New label on old merchandise"

List of members[edit | edit source]

State Accession to NATO[8]
Albania 1 April 2009
Belgium Founder (1949)
Bulgaria 29 March 2004
Canada Founder (1949)
Croatia 1 April 2009
Czech Republic 12 March 1999
Denmark Founder (1949)
Estonia 29 March 2004
Finland 4 April 2023
France Founder (1949)
Germany 6 May 1955

(West Germany)

3 October 1990

(Germany as a whole)

Greece 18 February 1952
Hungary 12 March 1999
Iceland Founder (1949)
Italy Founder (1949)
Latvia 29 March 2004
Lithuania 29 March 2004
Luxembourg Founder (1949)
Montenegro 5 June 2017
Netherlands Founder (1993)
North Macedonia 27 March 2020
Norway Founder (1949)
Poland 12 March 1999
Portugal Founder (1949)
Romania 29 March 2004
Slovakia 29 March 2004
Slovenia 29 March 2004
Spain 30 May 1982
Sweden 7 March 2024
Turkey 18 February 1952
United Kingdom Founder (1949)
United States Founder (1949)

Anticommunist projects[edit | edit source]

NATO took over anti-Soviet subversive activities from their predecessors when they started operating Nazi general Richard Gehlen's network of spies in the Soviet Union.

NATO is perhaps best known among European communists for Operation Gladio, which is a name given to a series of operations that consisted of funding fascist groups in Europe to assassinate and destabilize communists in the 20th century. In 2022, a Spanish lawmaker Gerado Pisarello criticized NATO for promoting a New Cold War on China.[12]

NATO supported a right-wing military coup in Greece in 1967. It sent warships to Portugal in 1975 to repress the working class after the fall of the fascist Estado Novo regime.[3]

Imperialist acts[edit | edit source]

The Coalition fighting in Afghanistan, in a conflict that started in 1979 when the Afghan government asked the USSR to help fight against the Mujahideen, was sent on the request of NATO.

NATO invaded and destroyed Iraq in 1991.[4]

NATO bombed Bosnia and Serbia during the Yugoslav Wars.[5] This bombing violated NATO's own charter because Yugoslavia never attacked any NATO member.[13]

When the USA was attacked on September 11, 2001 and followed with a declaration of war against Iraq for imperialist interests, NATO—by their own admission—put their principle of collective defence to practice: if one member country is attacked, then all must join the war in defense. It is important to note that the government of Iraq never claimed responsibility or was ever tied to the terrorist attacks. Notably, president Bush admitted in 2006 that Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq in 2001, was not responsible for the attack[14].

NATO invaded the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 2011, causing a complete collapse of the country.[5]

NATO backed Turkey's occupation of parts of Syria and Iraq. Turkey has the second largest military of any NATO member.[5]

In June 2022, NATO announced it would increase its standing army in Europe from 40,000 to 300,000 troops, including over 3,000 troops in the Baltic states on the border with Russia.[15] NATO also added China to its list of enemies and labeled it a "systemic challenge."[16]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑
    “Dünyanın en büyük terör örgütü NATO’nun bir ülkeyi daha içine alarak genişlemesi artık an meselesi. (English: It is only a matter of time before NATO, the world's largest terrorist organization, expands by incorporating another country.)”

    "NATO ile mücadele ertelenemez" (2023-07-11). Communist Party of Turkey. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  2. ↑ Ben Norton (2022-06-14). "NATO is a tool of US imperialism that has backed Nazis for decades" Multipolarista.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 John Catalinotto (2018-07-16). "A short history of NATO" Workers World. Archived from the original on 2022-06-26. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sara Flounders (2022-04-04). "NATO’s global history of reaction" Workers World. Archived from the original on 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Chris Hedges (2022-07-12). "Chris Hedges: NATO—The Most Dangerous Military Alliance on the Planet" MintPress News. Archived from the original on 2022-07-21. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
  6. ↑ Stephen Gowans (2018). Patriots, Traitors and Empires: The Story of Korea’s Struggle for Freedom: 'Imperialism' (p. 49). [PDF] Montreal: Baraka Books. ISBN 9781771861427 [LG]
  7. ↑ "NATO a ‘walking war machine’ – China" (2024-01-25). RT.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "NATO member countries" (2023-06-08). Archived from the original on 2024-01-16. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  9. ↑
    “Baker: We understand the need for assurances to the countries in the East. If we maintain a presence in Germany that is part of NATO, there would be no extension of NATO's jurisdiction for forces of NATO one inch to the east.”

    James Baker, Mikhail Gorbachyov (1990). Memorandum of conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and James Baker in Moscow (p. 6). [PDF] National Security Archive.
  10. ↑ "NATO Expansion: What Gorbachev Heard". National Security Archive.
  11. ↑ Eugene Puryear (2022-06-05). "Should we really blame NATO for the Ukraine war?" Liberation News. Archived from the original on 2022-10-11. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  12. ↑ Ben Norton (2022-07-05). "Spanish lawmaker: NATO subordinates Europe to US, pushes war on China, enriches weapons companies" Multipolarista.
  13. ↑ Michael Parenti (2000). To Kill a Nation: 'NATO's War Crimes' (pp. 115–116). [PDF] Verso.
  14. ↑ Suzanne Goldenberg (2006-09-12). "Bush: Saddam was not responsible for 9/11" The Guardian.
  15. ↑ Andre Damon (2022-06-27). "NATO announces plan for massive European land army" World Socialist Web Site. Archived from the original on 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
  16. ↑ Sameena Rahman (2022-06-30). "NATO officially adds China to its list of enemies" Liberation News. Archived from the original on 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
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