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A socialist state, socialist republic, or socialist country, sometimes referred to as a workers' state or workers' republic, is a sovereign state which is dictated by the proletariat and undergoing the construction of socialism. The term communist state is often used synonymously in the West specifically when referring to one-party socialist states governed by Marxist–Leninist communist parties, despite these countries being officially socialist states in the process of building socialism. In accordance with the Communist theory on stages of revolution, these countries have not described themselves as communist nor as having implemented a communist society, but are in the process of doing so.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Socialist states commonly have centrally planned economies, democratic centralism, and maintain a policy of secularism or state atheism. Marxist states operate under a dictatorship of the proletariat, which is not the case for all states that constitutionally self-identify as "socialist".
Current socialist states[edit | edit source]
Socialist states[edit | edit source]
Former socialist states[edit | edit source]
Marxist–Leninist states[edit | edit source]
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Countries with constitutional references to socialism[edit | edit source]
These are countries which reference but do not practice socialism.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ “Subsequently, Red Finns, supported by Russian Bolsheviks, staged a coup d’état in Helsinki (January 28, 1918), proclaiming Finland a Socialist Workers’ Republic.”
"Finnish War of Independence". EBSCO. Archived from the original on 2025-09-25. Retrieved 2025-09-25. - ↑ Rinta-Tassi 1986, pp. 19–22, 497–504; Jussila 2007, pp. 287–288; Haapala 2014, pp. 21–50
- ↑ “On March 21st, 1919, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed.”
Alan Woods (2007-09-03). "The Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919: The Forgotten Revolution - Alan Woods" Libcom. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ “August 1 is the officially recognized date of the collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.”
Greg Beyer (2025-04-01). "A Brief History of the Hungarian Soviet Republic" TheCollector. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ “On 7th April, 1919, Levien declared the establishment of the Bavarian Soviet Republic.”
"Bavarian Republic". Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ “With the Communists driven out of the government, the Soviet Republic’s most-determined defenders were gone, and the new government planned to cease all resistance. On 1 May, Munich was completely surrounded, and on 2 May, completely conquered. The last town to fall was Kolbermoor in the district of Rosenheim (Upper Bavaria) on 3 May. The horrors of the counter-revolution now raged with full force.”
Florian Keller (2022-02-04). "When the communists ruled in Bavaria" In Defence of Marxism. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ “After a week of discussion the buffer state idea was generally accepted and on April 6, 1920, Krasnoschekoff presented a declaration of independence of the Far Eastern Republic.”
Millard's Review of the Far East, vol. 18 (1921). China Monthly Review. - ↑ “The Far Eastern Republic was then incorporated into the Soviet Union in November 1922.”
"Britannica". Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ Ben Cahoon. "Tannu Tuva" worldstatesmen.org. Archived from the original on 2012-04-04. Retrieved 2025-09-20.
- ↑ “13 – 16 августа 1921 года в местности Суг-Бажи Тандинского хошуна состоялся Всетувинский учредительный хурал (съезд) девяти хошунов, на котором было провозглашено Всегармоничное тувинское аратское государство (тув. Бюгюде найрамдагу тывад арат улус), известное в отечественной историографии как Народная Республика Танну-Тува, и принята его первая Конституция, в главе 1 которой было записано, что "в международных делах государство выступает под покровительством Советской России".”
"Republic of Tuva". Vexillographia. Archived from the original on 2025-09-25. Retrieved 2025-09-25. - ↑ “However, Tuva’s independence was short-lived. In 1944, at the height of World War II, the Tuvan People’s Republic was voluntarily annexed by the Soviet Union, becoming the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). This transition marked the end of Tuva’s brief experiment with independence and the beginning of a new chapter under Soviet rule.”
Gareth Johnson. "The Tuvan Republic: Tsarist Times, Soviet Chic and Modern Russia" Young Pioneer Tours. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ “On December 30, 1922, in post-revolutionary Russia, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is established, comprising a confederation of Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine and the Transcaucasian Federation (divided in 1936 into the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Armenian republics). Also known as the Soviet Union, the new communist state was the successor to the Russian Empire and the first country in the world to be based on Marxist socialism.”
"USSR established". History.com. Archived from the original on 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ “collapse of the Soviet Union, sequence of events that led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 31, 1991. The former superpower was replaced by 15 independent countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.”
"collapse of the Soviet Union". Britannica. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ Aleksandr Guber, Shagdaryn Bira, Sanje Dylykov, Hudogiin Perlee, Georgiy Kim, Shagdarjavyn Natsagdorj, Bazaryn Shirendev, Yevgeniy Zhukov (1973). History of the Mongolian People's Republic. Internet Archive.
- ↑ Alan J.K. Sanders (1996). Historical Dictionary of Mongolia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810861916
- ↑ Li Ying (2024). Red Ink: A History of Printing and Politics in China (p. 63). Royal Collins Press. ISBN 9781487812737
- ↑ Lyman P. Van Slyke (1968). The Chinese Communist movement: a report of the United States War Department, July 1945 (p. 44). Stanford University Press.
- ↑ “The Constituent Assembly proclaimed the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia on November 29, 1945.”
"64. Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945-1992)". University of Central Arkansas. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ "The Breakup of Yugoslavia, 1990–1992". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20.
- ↑ “Post-Crisis Phase (November 10, 1945-June 4, 1947): Parliamentary elections were held on November 18, 1945, and the FF won some 86 percent of the vote. Opposition political parties had boycotted the parliamentary elections. The British government provided diplomatic assistance (diplomatic recognition) to the government on December 27, 1945. Prime Minister Georgiev formed a communist-dominated government on March 31, 1946. The British government imposed diplomatic sanctions (diplomatic non-recognition) against the government of Prime Minister Georgiev on April 2, 1946. A majority of Bulgarians voted to abolish the monarchy in a referendum on September 8, 1946, and King Symeon II went into exile in Egypt on September 9, 1946. The Bulgarian Republic was proclaimed on September 15, 1946. Elections for the National Assembly (Sobranje) were held on October 27, 1946, and the FF won 366 out of 465 seats. Georgi Dimitrov formed a government on November 22, 1946. The British government provided diplomatic assistance (diplomatic recognition) to the government of Prime Minister Dimitrov on February 12, 1947.”
"10. Bulgaria (1908-present)". University of Central Arkansas. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ Mariya Cheresheva (2017-11-10). "Bulgaria Marks 28 Years Since Fall of Communism" Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20.
- ↑ “On January 11, 1946 the Constituent Assembly proclaimed Albania a People's Republic”
Enver Hoxha (1946-03-24). "Program of the First Government of the People's Republic of Albania Presented to the People's Assembly of the PRA" Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20. - ↑ "Collapse of communism". Britannica. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20.
- ↑ “The constitution adopted by the communists introduces a new name for the Polish state, the Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL), which replaces the previously used Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska).”
"Brief History of Poland". Institute of National Remembrance. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-20.