Communist Party of Indonesia: Difference between revisions
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{{Communist Parties}}The '''Communist Party of Indonesia''' (''Partai Komunis Indonesia'') was a communist party in Indonesia. Founded in 1920, it eventually | {{Infobox political party|name=Communist Party of Indonesia|logo=Logo of the PKI.svg|founded=23 May 1914|banned=5 July 1966|membership_year=1965|membership=3,000,000|political_orientation=[[Marxism-Leninism]]|international=[[Third International]] (1919–1943)}}{{Communist Parties}}The '''Communist Party of Indonesia''' (''Partai Komunis Indonesia'') was a communist party in Indonesia. Founded in 1920, it eventually grew to three million members in 1960 and 16% of the national vote in 1955.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Alex de Jong|date=2019-02-01|title=The Indonesian Counter-Revolution|url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/01/unmasked-graves-review-indonesia-genocide-communist-party|newspaper=Jacobin|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref> | ||
== Growth == | |||
Much of the PKI's leadership died in a failed revolution in 1948.<ref name=":122222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Bali|page=|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref><sup>:152</sup> | |||
Between 1951 and 1964, the party grew from 5,000 to two million members in addition to 15 million members of its mass organizations, including 7.5 million in the [[Indonesian Peasants' Front]]. It was based in east and central Java but spread to other islands in the 1950s. The 1953 Central Committee members were all in their thirties, including General Secretary [[D. N. Aidit|Aidit]], who was 31.<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2017|title=Red Star over the Third World|chapter=Polycentric Communism|page=119–121|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=New Delhi|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref> By 1955, 30% of soldiers were PKI members.<ref name=":122222" /><sup>:153</sup> | |||
== Revolutionary activities == | |||
In February 1965, the [[Plantation Workers' Union]] seized land occupied by the US Rubber Company in North Sumatra. In 1965, the party gained a million members and reached 18 million in its mass organizations.<ref name=":0222" /> | |||
== Mass killings == | |||
In 1965, the far-right dictator [[Suharto]] came to power in a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] coup and overthrew the democratically elected [[Sukarno]].<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Steve Kangas|date=|title=A Timeline of CIA Atrocities|url=http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/CIAtimeline.html|newspaper=|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref> The CIA provided Suharto with lists of suspected communists,<ref>{{Citation|author=Geoffrey B. Robinson|year=2018|title=The Killing Season|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=|isbn=9780691161389|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> and he killed at a million people in 1965 and 1966, including Aidit. Many [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] militias only had two or three days of training.<ref name=":0222" /> | |||
The Communist Party of Indonesia was banned in 1966, and the CIA secretly admitted that Suharto's purges were "one of the worst mass murders of the 20th century."<ref>{{Citation|author=David F. Schmitz|year=2006|title=The United States and Right-Wing Dictatorships|chapter=|section=|page=48|quote=|pdf=https://books.google.com/books?id=1EV440YU6toC&pg=PA48#v=onepage&q&f=false|city=|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521678537|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> The party was unable to defend itself because it was unarmed.<ref name=":0222" /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Communist parties]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:04, 26 June 2023
Communist Party of Indonesia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Founded | 23 May 1914 |
| Banned | 5 July 1966 |
| Membership (1965) | 3,000,000 |
| Political orientation | Marxism-Leninism |
| International affiliation | Third International (1919–1943) |
| Part of a series on |
| Communist parties |
|---|
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Partai Komunis Indonesia) was a communist party in Indonesia. Founded in 1920, it eventually grew to three million members in 1960 and 16% of the national vote in 1955.[1]
Growth[edit | edit source]
Much of the PKI's leadership died in a failed revolution in 1948.[2]:152
Between 1951 and 1964, the party grew from 5,000 to two million members in addition to 15 million members of its mass organizations, including 7.5 million in the Indonesian Peasants' Front. It was based in east and central Java but spread to other islands in the 1950s. The 1953 Central Committee members were all in their thirties, including General Secretary Aidit, who was 31.[3] By 1955, 30% of soldiers were PKI members.[2]:153
Revolutionary activities[edit | edit source]
In February 1965, the Plantation Workers' Union seized land occupied by the US Rubber Company in North Sumatra. In 1965, the party gained a million members and reached 18 million in its mass organizations.[3]
Mass killings[edit | edit source]
In 1965, the far-right dictator Suharto came to power in a CIA coup and overthrew the democratically elected Sukarno.[4] The CIA provided Suharto with lists of suspected communists,[5] and he killed at a million people in 1965 and 1966, including Aidit. Many anti-communist militias only had two or three days of training.[3]
The Communist Party of Indonesia was banned in 1966, and the CIA secretly admitted that Suharto's purges were "one of the worst mass murders of the 20th century."[6] The party was unable to defend itself because it was unarmed.[3]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Alex de Jong (2019-02-01). "The Indonesian Counter-Revolution" Jacobin.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Bali'. [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vijay Prashad (2017). Red Star over the Third World: 'Polycentric Communism' (pp. 119–121). [PDF] New Delhi: LeftWord Books.
- ↑ Steve Kangas. "A Timeline of CIA Atrocities"
- ↑ Geoffrey B. Robinson (2018). The Killing Season. ISBN 9780691161389
- ↑ David F. Schmitz (2006). The United States and Right-Wing Dictatorships (p. 48). [PDF] Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521678537