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| founder = [[Fidel Castro]] | | founder = [[Fidel Castro]] | ||
| leader1_title = First Secretary | | leader1_title = First Secretary | ||
| leader1_name = | | leader1_name = [[Miguel Díaz-Canel]] | ||
| foundation = 3 October 1965 | | foundation = 3 October 1965 | ||
| newspaper = ''Granma'' | | newspaper = ''[[Granma (newspaper)|Granma]]'' | ||
| | | political_orientation = [[Marxism–Leninism]] | ||
| website = [http://www.pcc.cu/ www.pcc.cu] | | website = [http://www.pcc.cu/ www.pcc.cu] | ||
| international = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties]] | | international = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties]] | ||
| youth_wing = Young Communist League | | youth_wing = Young Communist League | ||
| country = Cuba | | country = [[Cuba]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Communist Party of Cuba''' ('''PCC''') is | {{Communist parties}} | ||
The '''Communist Party of Cuba''' ('''PCC''') is the [[Marxism-leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] organized [[vanguard party|vanguard]] of the [[Republic of Cuba]], and is the political leading force of the Cuban state and society.<ref>''2019 Constitution of Republic of Cuba''. Article 5. [http://www.cubadebate.cu/cuba/constitucion-republica-cuba/ Link (Spanish)]</ref> The PCC is the sole legal political party in Cuba. | |||
The PCC is a [[communist party]] | The PCC is a [[communist party]] organically structured under [[democratic centralism]] and holds as its main objective the building of [[socialism]].<ref>''Statute of the Communist Party of Cuba''. [https://www.pcc.cu/sites/default/files/documentos/2020-07/estatutos-pcc.pdf Link (Spanish)]</ref> | ||
The highest body within the PCC is the Party Congress, which convenes every five years. When the Congress is not in session, the Central Committee becomes the highest body. Due to the Central Committee meeting twice a year, most day-to-day duties and responsibilities are vested in the Politburo. As of April 2021, the First Secretary of the Central Committee is [[Miguel Díaz-Canel]].<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://www.granma.cu/octavo-congreso-pcc/2021-04-19/elegido-miguel-diaz-canel-bermudez-como-primer-secretario-del-comite-central-del-partido-comunista-de-cuba-19-04-2021-10-04-18|title=Elegido Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez como Primer Secretario del Comité Central del Partido Comunista de Cuba|newspaper=Granma|date=2021-04-19|retrieval-date=23 April 2021}}</ref> | |||
== History == | ==History== | ||
Cuba had a number of [[Communism|communist]] and [[Anarchism|anarchist]] organizations from the early period of the [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Republic]] (founded in 1902). The original "[[Comintern|internationalised]]" Communist Party of Cuba formed in the 1920s. In 1944, it renamed itself as the [[Popular Socialist Party (Cuba)|Popular Socialist Party]] for electoral reasons. In July 1961, two years after the successful overthrow of [[Fulgencio Batista]] and the creation of a revolutionary government, the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI) was formed from the merger of: | Cuba had a number of [[Communism|communist]] and [[Anarchism|anarchist]] organizations from the early period of the [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Republic]] (founded in 1902). The original "[[Comintern|internationalised]]" Communist Party of Cuba formed in the 1920s. In 1944, it renamed itself as the [[Popular Socialist Party (Cuba)|Popular Socialist Party]] for electoral reasons. In July 1961, two years after the successful overthrow of [[Fulgencio Batista]] and the creation of a revolutionary government, the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI) was formed from the merger of: | ||
* Fidel Castro's [[26th of July Movement]] | * Fidel Castro's [[26th of July Movement]] | ||
* The [[Popular Socialist Party (Cuba)|Popular Socialist Party]] led by [[Blas Roca]] | * The [[Popular Socialist Party (Cuba)|Popular Socialist Party]] led by [[Blas Roca]] | ||
* Parts of the student-based [[Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil|Revolutionary Directory]] led by [[Faure Chomón]] | *Parts of the student-based [[Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil|Revolutionary Directory]] led by [[Faure Chomón]] | ||
On 26 March 1962, the ORI became the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PURSC), which in turn became the Communist Party of Cuba on 3 October 1965. In Article 5 of the Cuban constitution of 1976, the Communist Party is recognized as "the superior guiding force of society and of the State, that organizes and orients common efforts toward the high goals of the construction of socialism and the advancement toward communist society".<ref>{{ | On 26 March 1962, the ORI became the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PURSC), which in turn became the Communist Party of Cuba on 3 October 1965. In Article 5 of the Cuban constitution of 1976, the Communist Party is recognized as "the superior guiding force of society and of the State, that organizes and orients common efforts toward the high goals of the construction of socialism and the advancement toward communist society".<ref>{{Web citation|url=http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Cuba/vigente.html#mozTocId561012|title=Cuba: Constitución|website=pdba.georgetown.edu|access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> All political candidates, including those from the Communist Party, are prohibited from publicly advertising their organizations. | ||
For the first fifteen years of its formal existence, the Communist Party was almost completely inactive outside of the | For the first fifteen years of its formal existence, the Communist Party was almost completely inactive outside of the Politburo. The 100 person Central Committee rarely met and it was ten years after its founding that the first regular [[Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba|party Congress]] was held. In 1969, membership of the party was only 55,000 or 0.7% of the population, making the PCC the smallest ruling communist party in the world. In the 1970s, the party's apparatus began to develop. By the time of the first party Congress in 1975, the party had grown to just over two hundred thousand members, the Central Committee was meeting regularly and provided the organizational apparatus giving the party the leading role in society that ruling Communist parties generally hold. By 1980, the party had grown to over 430,000 members and it grew further to 520,000 by 1985. Apparatuses of the party had grown to ensure that its leading cadres were appointed to key government positions. | ||
== Ideology == | ==Ideology == | ||
Compared with other ruling Communist Parties, such as in [[Communist Party of Vietnam|Vietnam]], [[Communist Party of China|China]], and [[Lao People's Revolutionary Party|Laos]], the Communist Party of Cuba retains a stricter adherence to the tradition of [[Marxism–Leninism]] and the traditional [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Soviet model]]. The party has been more reluctant in engaging in market reforms, though it has been forced to accept some market measures in its economy due to the | Compared with other ruling Communist Parties, such as in [[Communist Party of Vietnam|Vietnam]], [[Communist Party of China|China]], and [[Lao People's Revolutionary Party|Laos]], the Communist Party of Cuba retains a stricter adherence to the tradition of [[Marxism–Leninism]] and the traditional [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Soviet model]]. The party has been more reluctant in engaging in market reforms, though it has been forced to accept some market measures in its economy due to the [[overthrow of the Soviet Union]] and the resultant loss of economic subsidies. The Communist Party of Cuba has often pursued an [[internationalist]] foreign policy, actively assisting [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] revolutionary movements and governments abroad, including the [[National Liberation Army (Colombia)|ELN]] in [[Colombia]], the [[Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front|FMLN]] in [[El Salvador]], the [[Sandinista National Liberation Front|Sandinistas]] in [[Nicaragua]],<ref>{{Citation|author=Andrea Oñate|year=2011|title=The Red Affair: FMLN–Cuban relations during the Salvadoran Civil War, 1981–92|publisher=Taylor & Francis|doi=10.1080/14682745.2010.545566|lg=https://libgen.is/scimag/10.1080%2F14682745.2010.545566}}</ref> and [[Maurice Bishop]]'s [[New Jewel Movement]] in [[Grenada]].{{citation needed|date=February 2007}} The party's most significant international role was in the [[Angolan Civil War|civil war]] in [[Angola]], where Cuba directed a joint Angolan/Soviet/Cuban force in the [[Battle of Cuito Cuanavale]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Michael Evans|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/|title=Secret Cuban Documents on History of Africa Involvement|publisher=Gwu.edu|access-date=13 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|url=http://www.ipsterraviva.net/Africa/viewstory.asp?idnews=452|title=Cuba: Angolan War Memories Live On|date=16 June 2007|access-date=23 April 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070616124846/http://www.ipsterraviva.net/Africa/viewstory.asp?idnews=452|archive-date=16 June 2007}}</ref> More recently, the party has sought to support [[Pink Tide]] leaders across [[Iberoamerica|Latin America]], such as [[Hugo Chávez]] and later [[Nicolás Maduro]] in [[Venezuela]] and [[Evo Morales]] in [[Bolivia]]. | ||
[[Medical diplomacy]] has also been a prominent feature of the Party's foreign policy. The party [[Cuban medical internationalism|maintains a policy]] of sending thousands of Cuban doctors, agricultural technicians, and other professionals to other countries throughout the developing world. | [[Medical diplomacy]] has also been a prominent feature of the Party's foreign policy. The party [[Cuban medical internationalism|maintains a policy]] of sending thousands of Cuban doctors, agricultural technicians, and other professionals to other countries throughout the developing world. | ||
After becoming the new First Secretary of the party, [[Raúl Castro]] campaigned to "renew" Cuba's socialist economy through incorporating new exchange and distribution systems that have been seen traditionally as "market oriented". This has led to speculation that Cuba may transition towards a model [[Socialist-oriented market economy|similar]] to that of China and Vietnam.<ref>{{Web citation|url=http://insight.inewsweek.cn/topic.php?tid=626|title=古巴改革："社会主义更新"未完待续|access-date=22 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429205524/http://insight.inewsweek.cn/topic.php?tid=626|archive-date=29 April 2014}}</ref> Private property and the need for foreign investment were recognized in the new constitution promulgated in 2019.<ref>Díaz-Canel, Miguel (10 April 2019). "[https://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/la-nueva-constitucion-de-cuba-en-2019-348154 Así es la Constitución que estrena Cuba en tiempos de crisis]" [This is the Constitution that Cuba launches in times of crisis]. ''El Tiempo'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 March 2023.</ref> | |||
== Mass organizations related to the PCC == | == Mass organizations related to the PCC== | ||
[[Workers' Central Union of Cuba]], (CTC, founded in 1939 by | * [[Young Communist League (Cuba)|Young Communist League]], (UJC founded in 1962 by [[Fidel Castro]]), youth group of future militants of the PCC | ||
* [[Workers' Central Union of Cuba]], (CTC, founded in 1939 by Blas Roca and Lázaro Peña), a Cuban trade union center. | |||
* [[Federation of Cuban Women]], (FMC, founded in 1960 by Fidel Castro and Vilma Espín), a centralized women's organization. | |||
* [[National Association of Small Farmers]], (ANAP, founded in 1961 by Fidel Castro), a peasant organization. | |||
* [[José Martí Pioneer Organization]], (OPJM, founded in 1977 by Fidel Castro), student organization (pioneers). | |||
* Student Federation of Secondary Education,(FEEM, founded in 1970 by Fidel Castro), student organization (pre). | |||
* University Student Federation, (FEU, founded in 1922 by [[Julio Antonio Mella]]), student organization (university). | |||
* [[Committees for the Defense of the Revolution]], (CDR, founded in 1960 by Fidel Castro), community work organization. | |||
* Association of Combatants of the Cuban Revolution, (ACRC, founded in 1993 by Fidel Castro), organization of active and retired military personnel. | |||
* [[Union of Journalists of Cuba|Union of Journalists of Cuba, (UPEC, founded in 1963 by Fidel Castro)]], a centralized organization of journalists. | |||
==Youth== | |||
== Youth == | |||
The Communist Party of Cuba has a youth wing, the [[Young Communist League (Cuba)|Young Communist League]] (''Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas'', UJC) which is a member organization of the [[World Federation of Democratic Youth]]. It also has a children's group, the [[José Martí Pioneer Organization]]. | The Communist Party of Cuba has a youth wing, the [[Young Communist League (Cuba)|Young Communist League]] (''Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas'', UJC) which is a member organization of the [[World Federation of Democratic Youth]]. It also has a children's group, the [[José Martí Pioneer Organization]]. | ||
== References == | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Communist parties]] | |||
[[Category:Cuba]] | |||
Latest revision as of 05:50, 10 October 2024
Communist Party of Cuba Partido Comunista de Cuba | |
|---|---|
 | |
| First Secretary | Miguel Díaz-Canel |
| Founder | Fidel Castro |
| Founded | 3 October 1965 |
| Newspaper | Granma |
| Youth wing | Young Communist League |
| Political orientation | Marxism–Leninism |
| International affiliation | International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties |
| Website | |
| www.pcc.cu | |
| Part of a series on |
| Communist parties |
|---|
The Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) is the Marxist–Leninist organized vanguard of the Republic of Cuba, and is the political leading force of the Cuban state and society.[1] The PCC is the sole legal political party in Cuba.
The PCC is a communist party organically structured under democratic centralism and holds as its main objective the building of socialism.[2]
The highest body within the PCC is the Party Congress, which convenes every five years. When the Congress is not in session, the Central Committee becomes the highest body. Due to the Central Committee meeting twice a year, most day-to-day duties and responsibilities are vested in the Politburo. As of April 2021, the First Secretary of the Central Committee is Miguel Díaz-Canel.[3]
History[edit | edit source]
Cuba had a number of communist and anarchist organizations from the early period of the Republic (founded in 1902). The original "internationalised" Communist Party of Cuba formed in the 1920s. In 1944, it renamed itself as the Popular Socialist Party for electoral reasons. In July 1961, two years after the successful overthrow of Fulgencio Batista and the creation of a revolutionary government, the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI) was formed from the merger of:
- Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement
- The Popular Socialist Party led by Blas Roca
- Parts of the student-based Revolutionary Directory led by Faure Chomón
On 26 March 1962, the ORI became the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PURSC), which in turn became the Communist Party of Cuba on 3 October 1965. In Article 5 of the Cuban constitution of 1976, the Communist Party is recognized as "the superior guiding force of society and of the State, that organizes and orients common efforts toward the high goals of the construction of socialism and the advancement toward communist society".[4] All political candidates, including those from the Communist Party, are prohibited from publicly advertising their organizations.
For the first fifteen years of its formal existence, the Communist Party was almost completely inactive outside of the Politburo. The 100 person Central Committee rarely met and it was ten years after its founding that the first regular party Congress was held. In 1969, membership of the party was only 55,000 or 0.7% of the population, making the PCC the smallest ruling communist party in the world. In the 1970s, the party's apparatus began to develop. By the time of the first party Congress in 1975, the party had grown to just over two hundred thousand members, the Central Committee was meeting regularly and provided the organizational apparatus giving the party the leading role in society that ruling Communist parties generally hold. By 1980, the party had grown to over 430,000 members and it grew further to 520,000 by 1985. Apparatuses of the party had grown to ensure that its leading cadres were appointed to key government positions.
Ideology[edit | edit source]
Compared with other ruling Communist Parties, such as in Vietnam, China, and Laos, the Communist Party of Cuba retains a stricter adherence to the tradition of Marxism–Leninism and the traditional Soviet model. The party has been more reluctant in engaging in market reforms, though it has been forced to accept some market measures in its economy due to the overthrow of the Soviet Union and the resultant loss of economic subsidies. The Communist Party of Cuba has often pursued an internationalist foreign policy, actively assisting left-wing revolutionary movements and governments abroad, including the ELN in Colombia, the FMLN in El Salvador, the Sandinistas in Nicaragua,[5] and Maurice Bishop's New Jewel Movement in Grenada.[citation needed] The party's most significant international role was in the civil war in Angola, where Cuba directed a joint Angolan/Soviet/Cuban force in the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale.[6][7] More recently, the party has sought to support Pink Tide leaders across Latin America, such as Hugo Chávez and later Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela and Evo Morales in Bolivia.
Medical diplomacy has also been a prominent feature of the Party's foreign policy. The party maintains a policy of sending thousands of Cuban doctors, agricultural technicians, and other professionals to other countries throughout the developing world.
After becoming the new First Secretary of the party, Raúl Castro campaigned to "renew" Cuba's socialist economy through incorporating new exchange and distribution systems that have been seen traditionally as "market oriented". This has led to speculation that Cuba may transition towards a model similar to that of China and Vietnam.[8] Private property and the need for foreign investment were recognized in the new constitution promulgated in 2019.[9]
[edit | edit source]
- Young Communist League, (UJC founded in 1962 by Fidel Castro), youth group of future militants of the PCC
- Workers' Central Union of Cuba, (CTC, founded in 1939 by Blas Roca and Lázaro Peña), a Cuban trade union center.
- Federation of Cuban Women, (FMC, founded in 1960 by Fidel Castro and Vilma Espín), a centralized women's organization.
- National Association of Small Farmers, (ANAP, founded in 1961 by Fidel Castro), a peasant organization.
- José Martí Pioneer Organization, (OPJM, founded in 1977 by Fidel Castro), student organization (pioneers).
- Student Federation of Secondary Education,(FEEM, founded in 1970 by Fidel Castro), student organization (pre).
- University Student Federation, (FEU, founded in 1922 by Julio Antonio Mella), student organization (university).
- Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, (CDR, founded in 1960 by Fidel Castro), community work organization.
- Association of Combatants of the Cuban Revolution, (ACRC, founded in 1993 by Fidel Castro), organization of active and retired military personnel.
- Union of Journalists of Cuba, (UPEC, founded in 1963 by Fidel Castro), a centralized organization of journalists.
Youth[edit | edit source]
The Communist Party of Cuba has a youth wing, the Young Communist League (Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas, UJC) which is a member organization of the World Federation of Democratic Youth. It also has a children's group, the José Martí Pioneer Organization.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 2019 Constitution of Republic of Cuba. Article 5. Link (Spanish)
- ↑ Statute of the Communist Party of Cuba. Link (Spanish)
- ↑ "Elegido Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez como Primer Secretario del Comité Central del Partido Comunista de Cuba" (2021-04-19). Granma.
- ↑ "Cuba: Constitución". pdba.georgetown.edu.
- ↑ Andrea Oñate (2011). The Red Affair: FMLN–Cuban relations during the Salvadoran Civil War, 1981–92. Taylor & Francis. doi: 10.1080/14682745.2010.545566 [HUB] [LG]
- ↑ Michael Evans. "Secret Cuban Documents on History of Africa Involvement"
- ↑ "Cuba: Angolan War Memories Live On" (16 June 2007). Archived from the original on 16 June 2007.
- ↑ "古巴改革："社会主义更新"未完待续". Archived from the original on 29 April 2014.
- ↑ Díaz-Canel, Miguel (10 April 2019). "Así es la Constitución que estrena Cuba en tiempos de crisis" [This is the Constitution that Cuba launches in times of crisis]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 March 2023.