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{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode = red
| name = Brazilian Communist Party
| name = Brazilian Communist Party
| native_name = Partido Comunista Brasileiro
| native_name = Partido Comunista Brasileiro
| native_name_lang = Portuguese
| native_name_lang = Portuguese
| logo = [[File:PCB Logo.svg|frameless|150px]]
| logo = File:PCB_Logo.svg
| abbreviation = PCB
| abbreviation = PCB
| general_secretary = Edmilson Costa
| general_secretary = Edmilson Costa
| founded = 1922
| founded = March 25, 1922
| newspaper = O poder popular
| newspaper = ''People's power''
| think_tank = Fundação Dinarco Reis
| think_tank = Dinarco Reis Foundation
| youth_wing = Communist Youth Union
| youth_wing = Communist Youth Union
| womens_wing = Classist Feminist Collective Ana Montenegro
| womens_wing = Classist Feminist Collective Ana Montenegro
| wing1_title =  
| political_orientation = [[Marxism–Leninism]]
| wing1 =  
| website = https://pcb.org.br
| wing2_title =
}}{{Communist parties}}
| wing2 =
The '''Brazilian Communist Party''' [Portuguese: ''Partido Comunista Brasileiro'' ('''PCB''')] is a [[Federative Republic of Brazil|Brazilian]] [[communist party]] that defines itself as a party of militants and revolutionary cadres that are formed in the class struggle, in the organization of the proletariat, and in the study of the works of [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]]. Its theoretical basis for [[praxis]] is [[Marxism-leninism|Marxism–Leninism]], which is based on the principles developed by [[Vladimir Lenin]].
| wing3_title =
| wing3 =
| wing4_title =
| wing4 =
| membership_year =
| membership =
| political_line = Marxism-Leninism
| national =
| regional =          <!-- or | regional affiliation = -->
| european =
| continental =      <!-- or | continental affiliation = -->
| international =
| slogan =
| anthem =
| website =
| country =          <!-- or | state = -->
}}


The '''Brazilian Communist Party''' (PCB, ''Partido Comunista Brasileiro'') is a Brazilian political party that defines itself as a party of militants and revolutionary cadres that are formed in the class struggle, in the organization of the proletariat, and in the study of the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Its theoretical basis for practical action is [[Marxism-leninism|Marxism-Leninism]], which is based on the principles developed by Vladimir Lenin.
==History==
===Background===
Until the 1920s, the labor movement in [[Federative Republic of Brazil|Brazil]] was mostly led by [[Anarchism|anarchists]]. Striking movements, sporadic in the early years of the Republic, became more frequent in the beginning of the 20th century, sometimes having state or national reach. The main demands of the movements were to improve wages, reduce the working day to eight hours, regulate the work of women and children, and stipulate weekly rest.<ref name=":0">CPDOC da Fundação Getúlio Vargas. ''[http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/partido-comunista-brasileiro-pcb Partido Comunista Brasileiro].'' Accessed on 2021-06-16</ref>
 
The [[October Revolution|October Revolution of 1917]] awakened the interest of anarchists in the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and in 1918, the Communist League of Livramento was founded by former anarchist militants sympathetic to communism. The following year, the Brazillian-[[Lebanese Republic|Lebanese]] barber Abilio de Nequete founded the Maximalist Union in Porto Alegre, making it the first communist organization in Brazil.<ref>{{Textcite|author=Edgar Carone|year=1982|title=O PCB – 1922 a 1943|chapter=Do I ao III Congresso (1922–1929)|pdf=|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=3E128FFCD798BF093276AD8816183E84|trans=The PCB – 1922 to 1943|translang=Portuguese|transchap=From the 1st to the 3rd Congress (1922–1929)}}</ref> The term "maximalist" was used to refer to [[Bolshevik party|Bolsheviks]] at that time.<ref name=":0" />
 
Disagreements between anarchists and communists soon began to sharpen. In Brazil, part of the anarcho-syndicalist movement launched violent attacks on the [[III International]] after Bolshevik crackdown on anarchist terrorists. A few anarchist newspapers denounced in 1920 "Bolshevik terror" in [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]]. With the beginning of the shootings of anarchists in the Soviet Union, the rupture between anarchists and communists was also consummated in Brazil.<ref name=":0" />
 
A small group led by Astrojildo Pereira, on the November 4, 1921 founded the Communist Group of Rio de Janeiro, the first of a series of communist nuclei to be established in other states. The Rio de Janeiro communist group had a goal of fulfilling the 21 conditions necessary for admission to the [[Communist International]]. To be accepted, the parties had to fundamentally adopt the name of communists, dissociate themselves from all [[Reformism|reformist]] positions, fight for the [[Revolution|revolutionary]] overthrow of [[capitalism]] and the establishment of the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]].<ref name=":0" />


Its symbol, according to its statutes, "is a sickle and a hammer, crossed, symbolizing the worker-peasant alliance, under which the legend 'Brazilian Communist Party' is written". Its electoral code number is 21. In October 2020 the PCB had 12,754 affiliates according to the Supreme Electoral Court <ref>[https://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados Supreme Electoral Court - Affiliates]</ref>, however, the vast majority of their militants are not officially registered.<!-- Citation needed. This is a statement that requires some sort of statistical backing. -->
===Early years (1922–1945)===
<ref>{{Textcite|author=Pedro Chadarevian|year=2012|title=Raça, classe e revolução no Partido Comunista Brasileiro (1922-1964)|pdf=https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/politica/article/download/2175-7984.2012v11n20p255/25503|lg=|doi=10.5007/2175-7984.2012v11n20p255|trans=Race, class and revolution in the Brazilian Communist Party (1922-1964)|translang=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Textcite|author=Marcelo A. Camurça|year=1998|title=Intelectualidade rebelde e militância política: adesão dos intelectuais ao Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) – 1922–1960|pdf=https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/locus/article/download/20458/10877/82276|lg=|trans=Rebellious intelligentsia and political militancy: adherence of intellectuals to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) – 1922–1960|translang=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Textcite|author=Marco Aurélio Santana|year=2020|title=Um partido em dois tempos: o Partido Comunista
Brasileiro (PCB) nas conjunturas pré e pós golpe de 1964|pdf=https://web3.rosario-conicet.gov.ar/ojs/index.php/AvancesCesor/article/download/v17n22a09/1149|lg=|doi=|trans=A party in two stages: the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) before and after coup d’etat of 1964|translang=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Textcite|author=Astrojildo Pereira|year=1960|title=Primeiros dias do partido|pdf=|publisher=Dinarco Reis Foundation|lg=|trans=First days of the party|translang=Portuguese|web=https://fdinarcoreis.org.br/2012/10/01/primeiros-dias-do-partido-astrojildo-pereira/}}</ref>


==History==
PCB, then named Communist Party of Brazil [''Partido Comunista do Brasil''] was founded in March 25th, 1922 in Rio de Janeiro during its first congress, after initiative from the communist groups of Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro to establish a national communist party and carry out the resulting party's admission to the [[Communist International]]. The congress had 9 delegates representing 73 members from the several communist groups active in Brazil at the time.<ref>{{Textcite|author=Apoena Canuto Cosenza|year=2012|title=Um partido, duas táticas: uma história organizativa e política do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), de 1922 a 1935|pdf=https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-21082013-111540/publico/2012_ApoenaCanutoCosenza.pdf|city=São Paulo|lg=|doi=10.11606/D.8.2013.tde-21082013-111540|trans=A party, two tactics: an organizational and political history of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), from 1922 to 1935|translang=Portuguese|chapter=O advento do PCB (1922 a 1935)|transchap=The emergence of PCB (1922 to 1935)}}</ref>
 
===Dissolution of the old party and reconstruction period. (1992–2001)===
After the fall of the [[Federative Republic of Brazil|Brazilian]] [[Corporate-military dictatorship of Brazil|military dictatorship]] and the [[dissolution of the USSR]], a group led by Roberto Freire (a Brazilian analogue of [[Gorbachev]]) wanted to extinguish PCB, but encountered resistance from within the party. Then, the group called for an "extraordinary congress" with the intention of creating a "new political formation". They invited non-members of the party as delegates, granted them voting rights to declare the extinction of the party, and the creation, in its place, of the Popular Socialist Party (PPS).<ref name=":1">{{Textcite|author=Partido Comunista Brasileiro|year=2013|title=O novo que nasce velho|pdf=|lg=|trans=The new that is born old|translang=Portuguese|web=https://pcb.org.br/portal2/4687/o-novo-que-nasce-velho/}}</ref>
 
The congress, considered controversial, ended up being recognized by the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil and the bourgeois media. Older members classified the action of the group linked to its then president, Roberto Freire, as a coup, and decided to launch a national campaign for the preservation of the party and its symbols.<ref name=":1" />
 
===The PCB today (2002–)===
 
==Congresses==
 
===I Congress — 1922===
 
===II Congress — 1925===
 
===III Congress — 1929===
 
===IV Congress — 1954===
 
===V Congress — 1960===
 
===VI Congress — 1967===
 
===VII Congress — 1982===
 
===VIII Congress — 1987===
 
===IX Congress — 1991===
 
===X Congress — 1993===
 
===XI Congress — 1996===


===Dissolution of the old party and reconstruction period. (1992 — 2001)===
===XII Congress — 2000===
After the fall of the Brazilian military dictatorship, a group led by Roberto Freire which held a majority within the party leadership of the former PCB, declared the extinction of the party, and the creation, in its place, of the Popular Socialist Party (PSP/PPS).


The convention, considered controversial, ended up being recognized by the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil. Older members classified the action of the group linked to its then president, Roberto Freire, as a coup, and decided to launch a founding notice for a new party, which would then use the name of the now defunct association: Brazilian Communist Party <ref>A Criação do PPS ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180618230119/http://radiovox.org/2016/05/13/a-criacao-do-pps/ Archived Copy])</ref>.
===XIII Congress — 2005===


=== The PCB today (2002 —)===
===XIV Congress — 2009===
With the rise of widespread reactionary rethoric in Brazil, the entire left spectrum faces a new challenge. In more recent years, when it became clear that the right would completely win over electoral politics, the PCB held its 15th National Congress in São Paulo <ref>[https://pcb.org.br/portal2/6591/resolucoes-do-xv-congresso-do-pcb/ Resolutions of the 15th National Congress.]</ref>, in which it discussed the need to build a broad anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist front, in addition to taking stock and prospects of the process revolutionary reconstruction of the PCB. The prospects of alliance were exemplified when, in 2018, the PCB created a coallition with the PSOL (which in of itself is already a union of smaller sects of the left) for the 2018 general elections in Brazil.<ref>ANDRIOLA, Carolina. PSOL formalizes alliance with the PCB. Journal of Commerce, Rio Grande do Sul. 16th of July, 2018 ([https://www.jornaldocomercio.com/_conteudo/politica/2018/07/638519-psol-fecha-coligacao-com-pcb-e-define-candidatos-no-rio-grande-do-sul.html In Portuguese])</ref>


The PCB has recently bolstered its propaganda efforts, investing into its current publication, ''People's power'' (''O poder popular''), since 2018. The PCB has never been successful in electoral politics and are most likely to lose their only city council member in the 2020 mayoral elections. Over the years, their focus has shifted to militant work and social work towards desperate communities in Brazil.<ref>[15th NC] [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B9OkSrCIvhFlY3c2NDQyYW01a1BKa3FPZmVSczZrSDUtWHNF/edit Revolutionary Reconstruction] (Point 87)</ref>
===XV Congress — 2014===


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
==External sources==
http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/partido-comunista-brasileiro-pcb
[[Category:Political parties in Brazil]]
[[Category:Communist parties]]

Latest revision as of 20:24, 7 November 2024

Brazilian Communist Party

Partido Comunista Brasileiro
AbbreviationPCB
General SecretaryEdmilson Costa
FoundedMarch 25, 1922
NewspaperPeople's power
Think tankDinarco Reis Foundation
Youth wingCommunist Youth Union
Women's wingClassist Feminist Collective Ana Montenegro
Political orientationMarxism–Leninism
Website
https://pcb.org.br
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The Brazilian Communist Party [Portuguese: Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB)] is a Brazilian communist party that defines itself as a party of militants and revolutionary cadres that are formed in the class struggle, in the organization of the proletariat, and in the study of the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Its theoretical basis for praxis is Marxism–Leninism, which is based on the principles developed by Vladimir Lenin.

History[edit | edit source]

Background[edit | edit source]

Until the 1920s, the labor movement in Brazil was mostly led by anarchists. Striking movements, sporadic in the early years of the Republic, became more frequent in the beginning of the 20th century, sometimes having state or national reach. The main demands of the movements were to improve wages, reduce the working day to eight hours, regulate the work of women and children, and stipulate weekly rest.[1]

The October Revolution of 1917 awakened the interest of anarchists in the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and in 1918, the Communist League of Livramento was founded by former anarchist militants sympathetic to communism. The following year, the Brazillian-Lebanese barber Abilio de Nequete founded the Maximalist Union in Porto Alegre, making it the first communist organization in Brazil.[2] The term "maximalist" was used to refer to Bolsheviks at that time.[1]

Disagreements between anarchists and communists soon began to sharpen. In Brazil, part of the anarcho-syndicalist movement launched violent attacks on the III International after Bolshevik crackdown on anarchist terrorists. A few anarchist newspapers denounced in 1920 "Bolshevik terror" in Soviet Russia. With the beginning of the shootings of anarchists in the Soviet Union, the rupture between anarchists and communists was also consummated in Brazil.[1]

A small group led by Astrojildo Pereira, on the November 4, 1921 founded the Communist Group of Rio de Janeiro, the first of a series of communist nuclei to be established in other states. The Rio de Janeiro communist group had a goal of fulfilling the 21 conditions necessary for admission to the Communist International. To be accepted, the parties had to fundamentally adopt the name of communists, dissociate themselves from all reformist positions, fight for the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat.[1]

Early years (1922–1945)[edit | edit source]

[3][4][5][6]

PCB, then named Communist Party of Brazil [Partido Comunista do Brasil] was founded in March 25th, 1922 in Rio de Janeiro during its first congress, after initiative from the communist groups of Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro to establish a national communist party and carry out the resulting party's admission to the Communist International. The congress had 9 delegates representing 73 members from the several communist groups active in Brazil at the time.[7]

Dissolution of the old party and reconstruction period. (1992–2001)[edit | edit source]

After the fall of the Brazilian military dictatorship and the dissolution of the USSR, a group led by Roberto Freire (a Brazilian analogue of Gorbachev) wanted to extinguish PCB, but encountered resistance from within the party. Then, the group called for an "extraordinary congress" with the intention of creating a "new political formation". They invited non-members of the party as delegates, granted them voting rights to declare the extinction of the party, and the creation, in its place, of the Popular Socialist Party (PPS).[8]

The congress, considered controversial, ended up being recognized by the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil and the bourgeois media. Older members classified the action of the group linked to its then president, Roberto Freire, as a coup, and decided to launch a national campaign for the preservation of the party and its symbols.[8]

The PCB today (2002–)[edit | edit source]

Congresses[edit | edit source]

I Congress — 1922[edit | edit source]

II Congress — 1925[edit | edit source]

III Congress — 1929[edit | edit source]

IV Congress — 1954[edit | edit source]

V Congress — 1960[edit | edit source]

VI Congress — 1967[edit | edit source]

VII Congress — 1982[edit | edit source]

VIII Congress — 1987[edit | edit source]

IX Congress — 1991[edit | edit source]

X Congress — 1993[edit | edit source]

XI Congress — 1996[edit | edit source]

XII Congress — 2000[edit | edit source]

XIII Congress — 2005[edit | edit source]

XIV Congress — 2009[edit | edit source]

XV Congress — 2014[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 CPDOC da Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Partido Comunista Brasileiro. Accessed on 2021-06-16
  2. ↑ Edgar Carone (1982). 'From the 1st to the 3rd Congress (1922–1929)' in The PCB – 1922 to 1943 [Portuguese: 'Do I ao III Congresso (1922–1929)' in O PCB – 1922 a 1943]. [LG]
  3. ↑ Pedro Chadarevian (2012). Race, class and revolution in the Brazilian Communist Party (1922-1964) [Portuguese: Raça, classe e revolução no Partido Comunista Brasileiro (1922-1964)]. [PDF] doi:10.5007/2175-7984.2012v11n20p255 [HUB]
  4. ↑ Marcelo A. Camurça (1998). Rebellious intelligentsia and political militancy: adherence of intellectuals to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) – 1922–1960 [Portuguese: Intelectualidade rebelde e militância política: adesão dos intelectuais ao Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) – 1922–1960]. [PDF]
  5. ↑ Marco Aurélio Santana (2020). A party in two stages: the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) before and after coup d’etat of 1964 [Portuguese: Um partido em dois tempos: o Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) nas conjunturas pré e pós golpe de 1964]. [PDF]
  6. ↑ Astrojildo Pereira (1960). First days of the party [Portuguese: Primeiros dias do partido]. Dinarco Reis Foundation.
  7. ↑ Apoena Canuto Cosenza (2012). 'The emergence of PCB (1922 to 1935)' in A party, two tactics: an organizational and political history of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), from 1922 to 1935 [Portuguese: 'O advento do PCB (1922 a 1935)' in Um partido, duas táticas: uma história organizativa e política do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), de 1922 a 1935]. [PDF] São Paulo. doi:10.11606/D.8.2013.tde-21082013-111540 [HUB]
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Partido Comunista Brasileiro (2013). The new that is born old [Portuguese: O novo que nasce velho].

External sources[edit | edit source]

http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/partido-comunista-brasileiro-pcb

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