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{{Infobox political party | <blockquote>''"CPC" redirects here. For other uses, see [[CPC (disambiguation)]].''</blockquote>{{Infobox political party | ||
| name = Communist Party of China | | name = Communist Party of China | ||
| native_name = 中国共产党 | | native_name = 中国共产党 | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| website = http://cpc.people.com.cn/ | | website = http://cpc.people.com.cn/ | ||
}}{{Communist Parties}} | }}{{Communist Parties}} | ||
The '''Communist Party of China''' ('''CPC''') is the [[Vanguard party|vanguard]] of both of the Chinese [[working class]] and of the [[People's Republic of China|Chinese nation]]. It is guided by [[Ideology of the Communist Party of China|its ideology]] which is a practical application of [[Marxism-Leninism]] to the specific conditions of China. Among these ideological developments is [[Socialism with Chinese Characteristics|Socialism with Chinese characteristics]] which emphasizes the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. The realization of [[communism]] is the highest ideal and ultimate goal of the Party. <ref>[[Library:The constitution of the Communist Party of China|The constitution of the Communist Party of China]]</ref> | The '''Communist Party of China''' ('''CPC''') is the [[Vanguard party|vanguard]] of both of the Chinese [[working class]] and of the [[People's Republic of China|Chinese nation]]. It is guided by [[Ideology of the Communist Party of China|its ideology]] which is a practical application of [[Marxism-Leninism]] to the specific conditions of China. Among these ideological developments is [[Socialism with Chinese Characteristics|Socialism with Chinese characteristics]] which emphasizes the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. The realization of [[communism]] is the highest ideal and ultimate goal of the Party. <ref>[[Library:The constitution of the Communist Party of China|The constitution of the Communist Party of China]]</ref> | ||
== History == | ==History== | ||
=== Founding === | ===Founding=== | ||
The Communist Party of China was founded on July 23, 1921, heavily influenced by the events of the [[May Fourth Movement]] and the [[October Revolution]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Hu Qiaomu|title=Thirty years of the Communist Party of China|city=Beijing|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|year=1953}}</ref> At its [[1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China|first congress]], the party only had about 50 members.<ref name=":0" /> Although the party was founded on July 23, its anniversary is officially celebrated on July 1. Owing to the shortage of archival materials available at the time, which indicated that the party was founded in July 1921 but did not provide an exact date, in June 1941 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China declared July 1 to be the anniversary of the party's birth. Although historians were later able to determine the exact date to be July 23, the anniversary is still celebrated on July 1.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Xinhua News Agency|title=共产主义小组的建立与中国共产党的成立|date=2004-10-25|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/25/content_2136770.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430055514/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/25/content_2136770.htm}}</ref> | The Communist Party of China was founded on July 23, 1921, heavily influenced by the events of the [[May Fourth Movement]] and the [[October Revolution]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Hu Qiaomu|title=Thirty years of the Communist Party of China|city=Beijing|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|year=1953}}</ref> At its [[1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China|first congress]], the party only had about 50 members.<ref name=":0" /> Although the party was founded on July 23, its anniversary is officially celebrated on July 1. Owing to the shortage of archival materials available at the time, which indicated that the party was founded in July 1921 but did not provide an exact date, in June 1941 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China declared July 1 to be the anniversary of the party's birth. Although historians were later able to determine the exact date to be July 23, the anniversary is still celebrated on July 1.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Xinhua News Agency|title=共产主义小组的建立与中国共产党的成立|date=2004-10-25|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/25/content_2136770.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430055514/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/25/content_2136770.htm}}</ref> | ||
=== Civil war and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression === | ===Civil war and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression=== | ||
In 1934, the [[Chinese Red Army]] began the [[Long March]] and retreated from Jiangxi to Shaanxi to avoid persecution from the [[Kuomintang]] and established a [[Revolutionary Base Area|revolutionary base]] in Yan'an.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[CGTN]]|title=A preview of key moments in CPC's history|date=2021-07-01|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-01/A-preview-of-key-moments-in-CPC-s-history-11xGQ14vURy/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017010346/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-01/A-preview-of-key-moments-in-CPC-s-history-11xGQ14vURy/index.html|archive-date=2021-10-17|retrieved=2022-10-16}}</ref> | In 1934, the [[Chinese Red Army]] began the [[Long March]] and retreated from Jiangxi to Shaanxi to avoid persecution from the [[Kuomintang]] and established a [[Revolutionary Base Area|revolutionary base]] in Yan'an.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[CGTN]]|title=A preview of key moments in CPC's history|date=2021-07-01|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-01/A-preview-of-key-moments-in-CPC-s-history-11xGQ14vURy/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017010346/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-01/A-preview-of-key-moments-in-CPC-s-history-11xGQ14vURy/index.html|archive-date=2021-10-17|retrieved=2022-10-16}}</ref> | ||
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After many years of civil war in which the CPC achieved total victory in mainland China and most of the coastal islands, led the [[People's Liberation Army]] to defeat the [[National Revolutionary Army]] of the [[Republic of China]], and forced the Republic of China into a military coup. | After many years of civil war in which the CPC achieved total victory in mainland China and most of the coastal islands, led the [[People's Liberation Army]] to defeat the [[National Revolutionary Army]] of the [[Republic of China]], and forced the Republic of China into a military coup. | ||
=== First Generation === | ===First Generation=== | ||
The government of the Republic of China retreated to [[Taiwan]]. [[Mao Zedong]] established the People's Republic of China in Beijing in 1949, the only ruling party in the PRC leading the Workers' and Peasants' Alliance and the United Front on behalf of the working class and exercising the [[People's Democratic Dictatorship]] in mainland China since October 1949. | The government of the Republic of China retreated to [[Taiwan]]. [[Mao Zedong]] established the People's Republic of China in Beijing in 1949, the only ruling party in the PRC leading the Workers' and Peasants' Alliance and the United Front on behalf of the working class and exercising the [[People's Democratic Dictatorship]] in mainland China since October 1949. | ||
=== Second Generation === | === Second Generation=== | ||
In 1978, the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee approved [[Deng Xiaoping]]'s reform and opening up policy and established several [[Special economic zone|special economic zones]].<ref name=":0" /> | In 1978, the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee approved [[Deng Xiaoping]]'s reform and opening up policy and established several [[Special economic zone|special economic zones]].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Fifth Generation === | === Fifth Generation=== | ||
By 2021, the CPC had reached over 90 million members.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Qiao Collective]]|title=Reflections on the Communist Party of China’s Centenary|date=2021-07-08|url=https://www.qiaocollective.com/articles/cpc-centenary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718160239/https://www.qiaocollective.com/articles/cpc-centenary|archive-date=2022-07-18|retrieved=2022-09-11}}</ref> | By 2021, the CPC had reached over 90 million members.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Qiao Collective]]|title=Reflections on the Communist Party of China’s Centenary|date=2021-07-08|url=https://www.qiaocollective.com/articles/cpc-centenary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718160239/https://www.qiaocollective.com/articles/cpc-centenary|archive-date=2022-07-18|retrieved=2022-09-11}}</ref> | ||
== Demographics == | ==Demographics == | ||
In 2020, the Communist Party of China had 91,914,000 members, about 6.57% of the population of China. In 2017, about 26.7% of members were women.<ref>https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2018-06-30/doc-ihespqrx6865303.shtml</ref> In 2015, roughly 30% were farmers, herdsmen or fishermen, 25% were white collar workers, 18% were retirees, and 8% were government employees.<ref>https://daily.jstor.org/communist-party-of-china/</ref> | In 2020, the Communist Party of China had 91,914,000 members, about 6.57% of the population of China. In 2017, about 26.7% of members were women.<ref>https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2018-06-30/doc-ihespqrx6865303.shtml</ref> In 2015, roughly 30% were farmers, herdsmen or fishermen, 25% were white collar workers, 18% were retirees, and 8% were government employees.<ref>https://daily.jstor.org/communist-party-of-china/</ref> | ||
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==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
<abbr title= | <abbr title="Communist Party of China">CPC</abbr> members are recursively grouped into party branches; higher-level party branches regulates lower-level branches.<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://news.cgtn.com/event/2021/who-runs-the-cpc/index.html|title=Who Runs the CPC|author=[[China Global Television Network]]}}</ref> When a branch exceeds a manageable size; it gets managed by a higher-level branch of the parent branch. | ||
For example, party (or grassroots) branches with between 50 and 100 members are grouped into General Party Branches. General Party Branches regulate grassroots branches. | For example, party (or grassroots) branches with between 50 and 100 members are grouped into General Party Branches. General Party Branches regulate grassroots branches. | ||
== References == | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Communist parties]] | [[Category:Communist parties]] | ||
[[Category:People's Republic of China]] | [[Category:People's Republic of China]] | ||
[[Category:Communist Party of China]] | [[Category:Communist Party of China]] | ||
Revision as of 20:11, 27 December 2022
"CPC" redirects here. For other uses, see CPC (disambiguation).
Communist Party of China 中国共产党 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | CPC |
| General Secretary | Xi Jinping |
| Founders | Chen Duxiu Li Dazhao 1st National Congress |
| Founded | 23 July 1921 |
| Newspaper | People's Daily |
| Think tank | Central Policy Research Office |
| Youth wing | Communist Youth League of China Young Pioneers of China |
| Membership (2022) | 96,710,000 |
| Political orientation | Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Deng Xiaoping Theory Three Represents Scientific Outlook on Development Xi Jinping Thought |
| Website | |
| http://cpc.people.com.cn/ | |
| Part of a series on |
| Communist parties |
|---|
The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the vanguard of both of the Chinese working class and of the Chinese nation. It is guided by its ideology which is a practical application of Marxism-Leninism to the specific conditions of China. Among these ideological developments is Socialism with Chinese characteristics which emphasizes the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. The realization of communism is the highest ideal and ultimate goal of the Party. [1]
History
Founding
The Communist Party of China was founded on July 23, 1921, heavily influenced by the events of the May Fourth Movement and the October Revolution.[2] At its first congress, the party only had about 50 members.[3] Although the party was founded on July 23, its anniversary is officially celebrated on July 1. Owing to the shortage of archival materials available at the time, which indicated that the party was founded in July 1921 but did not provide an exact date, in June 1941 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China declared July 1 to be the anniversary of the party's birth. Although historians were later able to determine the exact date to be July 23, the anniversary is still celebrated on July 1.[4]
Civil war and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression
In 1934, the Chinese Red Army began the Long March and retreated from Jiangxi to Shaanxi to avoid persecution from the Kuomintang and established a revolutionary base in Yan'an.[5]
After fascist Japan invaded China, the Chinese Red Army became part of the Eighth Route Army.
After many years of civil war in which the CPC achieved total victory in mainland China and most of the coastal islands, led the People's Liberation Army to defeat the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, and forced the Republic of China into a military coup.
First Generation
The government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan. Mao Zedong established the People's Republic of China in Beijing in 1949, the only ruling party in the PRC leading the Workers' and Peasants' Alliance and the United Front on behalf of the working class and exercising the People's Democratic Dictatorship in mainland China since October 1949.
Second Generation
In 1978, the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee approved Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up policy and established several special economic zones.[3]
Fifth Generation
By 2021, the CPC had reached over 90 million members.[3]
Demographics
In 2020, the Communist Party of China had 91,914,000 members, about 6.57% of the population of China. In 2017, about 26.7% of members were women.[6] In 2015, roughly 30% were farmers, herdsmen or fishermen, 25% were white collar workers, 18% were retirees, and 8% were government employees.[7]
On July 2, 2001, Jiang Zemin allowed the possibility of membership to be extended to the bourgeoisie.[8] By 2017, this policy resulted in a large amount of the CPC's upper ranks being filled with millionaires or even billionaires, decreasing the amount of power the workers had in the PRC's political affairs.[9]
Controversies
Disputed English nomenclature
The CPC is incorrectly referred to as "Chinese Communist Party" (CCP) in Western media, despite the CPC declaring "Communist Party of China" to be the official English translation of its native name.
Structure
CPC members are recursively grouped into party branches; higher-level party branches regulates lower-level branches.[10] When a branch exceeds a manageable size; it gets managed by a higher-level branch of the parent branch.
For example, party (or grassroots) branches with between 50 and 100 members are grouped into General Party Branches. General Party Branches regulate grassroots branches.
References
- ↑ The constitution of the Communist Party of China
- ↑ Hu Qiaomu (1953). Thirty years of the Communist Party of China. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Reflections on the Communist Party of China’s Centenary" (2021-07-08). Qiao Collective. Archived from the original on 2022-07-18. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
- ↑ "共产主义小组的建立与中国共产党的成立" (2004-10-25). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original.
- ↑ "A preview of key moments in CPC's history" (2021-07-01). CGTN. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
- ↑ https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2018-06-30/doc-ihespqrx6865303.shtml
- ↑ https://daily.jstor.org/communist-party-of-china/
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/07/02/china-allows-its-capitalists-to-join-party/98c51d3e-590c-4f1b-a52a-132b3def1281/
- ↑ Sophia Yan (2017-3-2). "China’s parliament has about 100 billionaires, according to data from the Hurun Report" CNBC. Retrieved 2022-7-10.
- ↑ China Global Television Network. "Who Runs the CPC"