Brazilian Communist Party: Difference between revisions
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| youth_wing = Communist Youth Union | | youth_wing = Communist Youth Union | ||
| womens_wing = Classist Feminist Collective Ana Montenegro | | womens_wing = Classist Feminist Collective Ana Montenegro | ||
| political_line = [[ | | political_line = [[Marxism–Leninism]] | ||
| website = https://pcb.org.br | | website = https://pcb.org.br | ||
}}{{Communist parties}} | }}{{Communist parties}} | ||
The '''Brazilian Communist Party''' | The '''Brazilian Communist Party''' [Portuguese: ''Partido Comunista Brasileiro'' ('''PCB''')] is a [[Federative Republic of Brazil|Brazilian]] [[communist party]] that defines itself as a party of militants and revolutionary cadres that are formed in the class struggle, in the organization of the proletariat, and in the study of the works of [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]]. Its theoretical basis for [[praxis]] is [[Marxism-leninism|Marxism-Leninism]], which is based on the principles developed by [[Vladimir Lenin]]. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
=== | ===Background=== | ||
Until the 1920s, the labor movement in Brazil was basically led by anarchists. Striking movements, sporadic in the early years of the Republic, became more frequent from the beginning of the 20th century, sometimes having state or national reach. The main demands of the movements were to improve wages, reduce the working day to eight hours, regulate the work of women and children, and stipulate weekly rest. | Until the 1920s, the labor movement in Brazil was basically led by [[Anarchism|anarchists]]. Striking movements, sporadic in the early years of the Republic, became more frequent from the beginning of the 20th century, sometimes having state or national reach. The main demands of the movements were to improve wages, reduce the working day to eight hours, regulate the work of women and children, and stipulate weekly rest.<ref name=":0">CPDOC da Fundação Getúlio Vargas. ''[http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/partido-comunista-brasileiro-pcb Partido Comunista Brasileiro].'' Accessed on 2021-06-16</ref> | ||
The | The [[October Revolution|October Revolution of 1917]] awakened the interest of anarchists in the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and in 1918, the Communist League of Livramento was founded by former anarchist militants sympathetic to communism. The following year the Brazillian-[[Lebanese Republic|Lebanese]] barber Abilio de Nequete founded the Maximalist Union. The term "maximalist" was used to refer to [[Bolshevik party|Bolsheviks]] at that time.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Disagreements between anarchists and communists soon began to sharpen. In Brazil, part of the anarcho-syndicalist movement launched violent attacks on the [[III International]] after Bolshevik crackdown on anarchist terrorists. A few anarchist newspapers denounced in 1920 "Bolshevik terror" in [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]]. With the beginning of the shootings of anarchists in the Soviet Union, the rupture between anarchists and communists was also consummated in Brazil.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
A small group led by Astrojildo Pereira, on the November 4, 1921 founded the Communist Group of Rio de Janeiro, the first of a series of communist nuclei to be established in other states. | A small group led by Astrojildo Pereira, on the November 4, 1921 founded the Communist Group of Rio de Janeiro, the first of a series of communist nuclei to be established in other states. The goal of the Communist Group was fulfilling the 21 conditions necessary for admission to the [[Communist International]]. To be accepted, the parties had to fundamentally adopt the name of communists, dissociate themselves from all [[Reformism|reformist]] positions, and fight for the [[Revolution|revolutionary]] overthrow of [[capitalism]] and the establishment of the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
===Foundation=== | |||
<ref>{{Textcite|author=Pedro Chadarevian|year=2012|title=Raça, classe e revolução no Partido Comunista Brasileiro (1922-1964)|pdf=https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/politica/article/download/2175-7984.2012v11n20p255/25503|lg=|doi=10.5007/2175-7984.2012v11n20p255|trans=Race, class and revolution in the Brazilian Communist Party (1922-1964)|translang=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Textcite|author=Marcelo A. Camurça|year=1998|title=Intelectualidade rebelde e militância política: adesão dos intelectuais ao Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) – 1922–1960|pdf=https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/locus/article/download/20458/10877/82276|lg=|trans=Rebellious intelligentsia and political militancy: adherence of intellectuals to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) – 1922–1960|translang=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Textcite|author=Apoena Canuto Cosenza|year=2012|title=Um partido, duas táticas: uma história organizativa e política do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), de 1922 a 1935|pdf=https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-21082013-111540/publico/2012_ApoenaCanutoCosenza.pdf|city=São Paulo|lg=|doi=10.11606/D.8.2013.tde-21082013-111540|trans=A party, two tactics: an organizational and political history of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), from 1922 to 1935|translang=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Textcite|author=Marco Aurélio Santana|year=2020|title=Um partido em dois tempos: o Partido Comunista | |||
Brasileiro (PCB) nas conjunturas pré e pós golpe de 1964|pdf=https://web3.rosario-conicet.gov.ar/ojs/index.php/AvancesCesor/article/download/v17n22a09/1149|lg=|doi=|trans=A party in two stages: the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) before and after coup d’etat of 1964|translang=Portuguese}}</ref> | |||
===Dissolution of the old party and reconstruction period. (1992 — 2001)=== | === Dissolution of the old party and reconstruction period. (1992 — 2001)=== | ||
After the fall of the Brazilian military dictatorship, a group led by Roberto Freire which held a majority within the party leadership of the former PCB, declared the extinction of the party, and the creation, in its place, of the Popular Socialist Party (PSP/PPS). | After the fall of the Brazilian military dictatorship, a group led by Roberto Freire which held a majority within the party leadership of the former PCB, declared the extinction of the party, and the creation, in its place, of the Popular Socialist Party (PSP/PPS). | ||
The convention, considered controversial, ended up being recognized by the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil. Older members classified the action of the group linked to its then president, Roberto Freire, as a coup, and decided to launch a founding notice for a new party, which would then use the name of the now defunct association: Brazilian Communist Party <ref>A Criação do PPS ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180618230119/http://radiovox.org/2016/05/13/a-criacao-do-pps/ Archived Copy])</ref>. | The convention, considered controversial, ended up being recognized by the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil. Older members classified the action of the group linked to its then president, Roberto Freire, as a coup, and decided to launch a founding notice for a new party, which would then use the name of the now defunct association: Brazilian Communist Party <ref>A Criação do PPS ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180618230119/http://radiovox.org/2016/05/13/a-criacao-do-pps/ Archived Copy])</ref>. | ||
=== The PCB today (2002 —)=== | ===The PCB today (2002 —) === | ||
With the rise of widespread reactionary rethoric in Brazil, the entire left spectrum faces a new challenge. In more recent years, when it became clear that the right would completely win over electoral politics, the PCB held its 15th National Congress in São Paulo | With the rise of widespread reactionary rethoric in Brazil, the entire left spectrum faces a new challenge. In more recent years, when it became clear that the right would completely win over electoral politics, the PCB held its 15th National Congress in São Paulo org.br/portal2/6591/resolucoes-do-xv-congresso-do-pcb/ Resolutions of the 15th National Congress.]</ref>, in which it disc, in which it discussed the need to build a broad anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist front, in addition to taking stock and prospects of the process revolutionary reconstruction of the PCB. The prospects of alliance were exemplified when, in 2018, the PCB created a coallition with the PSOL (which in of itself is already a union of smaller sects of the left) for the 2018 general elections in Brazil.olina. PSOL formalizes alliance with the PCB. Journal of Commerce, Rio Grande do Sul. 16th of July, 2018 ([https://www.jornaldocomercio.com/_conteudo/politica/2018/07/638519-psol-fecha-coligacao-com-pcb-e-define-candidatos-no-rio-grande-do-sul.html In Portuguese])</ref> | ||
The PCB has rece | |||
The PCB has recently bolstered its propaganda efforts, investing into its current publication, ''People's power'' (''O poder popular''), since 2018. The PCB has never been successful in electoral politics and are most likely to lose their only city council member in the 2020 mayoral elections. Over the years, their focus has shifted to militant work and social work towards desperate communities in Brazil.<ref>[15th NC] [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B9OkSrCIvhFlY3c2NDQyYW01a1BKa3FPZmVSczZrSDUtWHNF/edit Revolutionary Reconstruction] (Point 87)</ref> | The PCB has recently bolstered its propaganda efforts, investing into its current publication, ''People's power'' (''O poder popular''), since 2018. The PCB has never been successful in electoral politics and are most likely to lose their only city council member in the 2020 mayoral elections. Over the years, their focus has shifted to militant work and social work towards desperate communities in Brazil.<ref>[15th NC] [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B9OkSrCIvhFlY3c2NDQyYW01a1BKa3FPZmVSczZrSDUtWHNF/edit Revolutionary Reconstruction] (Point 87)</ref> | ||
== Congresses == | ==Congresses== | ||
=== I Congress — 1922 === | ===I Congress — 1922=== | ||
=== II Congress — 1925 === | ===II Congress — 1925=== | ||
=== III Congress — 1929 === | ===III Congress — 1929=== | ||
=== IV Congress — 1954 === | ===IV Congress — 1954=== | ||
=== V Congress — 1960 === | ===V Congress — 1960=== | ||
=== VI Congress — 1967 === | ===VI Congress — 1967=== | ||
=== VII Congress — 1982 === | ===VII Congress — 1982=== | ||
=== VIII Congress — 1987 === | === VIII Congress — 1987=== | ||
=== IX Congress — 1991 === | ===IX Congress — 1991=== | ||
=== X Congress — 1993 === | ===X Congress — 1993=== | ||
=== XI Congress — 1996 === | ===XI Congress — 1996=== | ||
=== XII Congress — 2000 === | ===XII Congress — 2000=== | ||
=== XIII Congress — 2005 === | === XIII Congress — 2005=== | ||
=== XIV Congress — 2009 === | ===XIV Congress — 2009=== | ||
=== XV Congress — 2014 === | ===XV Congress — 2014=== | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 00:15, 17 June 2021
Brazilian Communist Party Partido Comunista Brasileiro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PCB |
| General Secretary | Edmilson Costa |
| Founded | March 25, 1922 |
| Newspaper | People's power |
| Think tank | Dinarco Reis Foundation |
| Youth wing | Communist Youth Union |
| Women's wing | Classist Feminist Collective Ana Montenegro |
| Website | |
| https://pcb.org.br | |
| Part of a series on |
| Communist parties |
|---|
The Brazilian Communist Party [Portuguese: Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB)] is a Brazilian communist party that defines itself as a party of militants and revolutionary cadres that are formed in the class struggle, in the organization of the proletariat, and in the study of the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Its theoretical basis for praxis is Marxism-Leninism, which is based on the principles developed by Vladimir Lenin.
History
Background
Until the 1920s, the labor movement in Brazil was basically led by anarchists. Striking movements, sporadic in the early years of the Republic, became more frequent from the beginning of the 20th century, sometimes having state or national reach. The main demands of the movements were to improve wages, reduce the working day to eight hours, regulate the work of women and children, and stipulate weekly rest.[1]
The October Revolution of 1917 awakened the interest of anarchists in the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and in 1918, the Communist League of Livramento was founded by former anarchist militants sympathetic to communism. The following year the Brazillian-Lebanese barber Abilio de Nequete founded the Maximalist Union. The term "maximalist" was used to refer to Bolsheviks at that time.[1]
Disagreements between anarchists and communists soon began to sharpen. In Brazil, part of the anarcho-syndicalist movement launched violent attacks on the III International after Bolshevik crackdown on anarchist terrorists. A few anarchist newspapers denounced in 1920 "Bolshevik terror" in Soviet Russia. With the beginning of the shootings of anarchists in the Soviet Union, the rupture between anarchists and communists was also consummated in Brazil.[1]
A small group led by Astrojildo Pereira, on the November 4, 1921 founded the Communist Group of Rio de Janeiro, the first of a series of communist nuclei to be established in other states. The goal of the Communist Group was fulfilling the 21 conditions necessary for admission to the Communist International. To be accepted, the parties had to fundamentally adopt the name of communists, dissociate themselves from all reformist positions, and fight for the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat.[1]
Foundation
Dissolution of the old party and reconstruction period. (1992 — 2001)
After the fall of the Brazilian military dictatorship, a group led by Roberto Freire which held a majority within the party leadership of the former PCB, declared the extinction of the party, and the creation, in its place, of the Popular Socialist Party (PSP/PPS).
The convention, considered controversial, ended up being recognized by the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil. Older members classified the action of the group linked to its then president, Roberto Freire, as a coup, and decided to launch a founding notice for a new party, which would then use the name of the now defunct association: Brazilian Communist Party [6].
The PCB today (2002 —)
With the rise of widespread reactionary rethoric in Brazil, the entire left spectrum faces a new challenge. In more recent years, when it became clear that the right would completely win over electoral politics, the PCB held its 15th National Congress in São Paulo org.br/portal2/6591/resolucoes-do-xv-congresso-do-pcb/ Resolutions of the 15th National Congress.]</ref>, in which it disc, in which it discussed the need to build a broad anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist front, in addition to taking stock and prospects of the process revolutionary reconstruction of the PCB. The prospects of alliance were exemplified when, in 2018, the PCB created a coallition with the PSOL (which in of itself is already a union of smaller sects of the left) for the 2018 general elections in Brazil.olina. PSOL formalizes alliance with the PCB. Journal of Commerce, Rio Grande do Sul. 16th of July, 2018 (In Portuguese)</ref>
The PCB has rece
The PCB has recently bolstered its propaganda efforts, investing into its current publication, People's power (O poder popular), since 2018. The PCB has never been successful in electoral politics and are most likely to lose their only city council member in the 2020 mayoral elections. Over the years, their focus has shifted to militant work and social work towards desperate communities in Brazil.[7]
Congresses
I Congress — 1922
II Congress — 1925
III Congress — 1929
IV Congress — 1954
V Congress — 1960
VI Congress — 1967
VII Congress — 1982
VIII Congress — 1987
IX Congress — 1991
X Congress — 1993
XI Congress — 1996
XII Congress — 2000
XIII Congress — 2005
XIV Congress — 2009
XV Congress — 2014
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 CPDOC da Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Partido Comunista Brasileiro. Accessed on 2021-06-16
- ↑ Pedro Chadarevian (2012). Race, class and revolution in the Brazilian Communist Party (1922-1964) [Portuguese: Raça, classe e revolução no Partido Comunista Brasileiro (1922-1964)]. [PDF] doi:10.5007/2175-7984.2012v11n20p255 [HUB]
- ↑ Marcelo A. Camurça (1998). Rebellious intelligentsia and political militancy: adherence of intellectuals to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) – 1922–1960 [Portuguese: Intelectualidade rebelde e militância política: adesão dos intelectuais ao Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) – 1922–1960]. [PDF]
- ↑ Apoena Canuto Cosenza (2012). A party, two tactics: an organizational and political history of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), from 1922 to 1935 [Portuguese: Um partido, duas táticas: uma história organizativa e política do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), de 1922 a 1935]. [PDF] São Paulo. doi:10.11606/D.8.2013.tde-21082013-111540 [HUB]
- ↑ Marco Aurélio Santana (2020). A party in two stages: the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) before and after coup d’etat of 1964 [Portuguese: Um partido em dois tempos: o Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) nas conjunturas pré e pós golpe de 1964]. [PDF]
- ↑ A Criação do PPS (Archived Copy)
- ↑ [15th NC] Revolutionary Reconstruction (Point 87)
External sources
http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/partido-comunista-brasileiro-pcb Template:External links